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Dėl vietovardžio Nemajuai istorijos ir kilmės

Author(s): Jonas Palionis / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 12/2010

Im vorliegenden Aufsatz wird der aus Südlitauen bekannte Ortsname Nemajūnai unter historischen und etymologischen Aspekten diskutiert. Neben der Bezeichnung Nemajūnai werden für diesen Ort in der Literatur auch die Bezeichnungen Žvirždai und Dautartiškės genannt. Allerdings deuten die Angaben aus den in der St. Jacobi Kirche in Punia (Kreis Alytus) aufbewahrten Tauf- und Trauungsverzeichnissen darauf hin, dass für den Ort Nemajūnai offenbar niemals die Bezeichnungen Žvirždai bzw. Dautartiškės üblich waren. Der Ortsname Nemajūnai ist wahrscheinlich anthroponymischen Ursprungs und lässt sich auf eine hypothetische Namensform *Nemajus zurückführen.

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Dialogas su tradicija Janinos Degutytės poezijoje: vaizdo aspektas

Author(s): Rita Tūtlytė / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 1/2018

This article explores the artistic image of Janina Degutytė’s poetry through the aspect of the tradition of dialogue. The poet belongs to the generation of Soviet writers – these “nomads” who sought to find their “literary tribe” strived to fill the collective consciousness, depleted and hollowed out during the postwar period, with the memory of Lithuanian poetic culture and foreign literary sources. At the onset of her artistic eandevors, Degutytė was influenced by the poetics of Eduardas Mieželaitis: hyperbolized contrasts of the great and the little, a cosmic imagination, characteristic of the era of cosmic exploration, and a rhetoric bearing semblance to the style of a publicist or a columnist. A fundamental “discussion” with this particular tradition can be observed in works from the poet’s mature artistic period, wherein cosmic imagery originates from an inner, sensory perspective. Degutytė substantially takes over the poetic school of Salomėja Nėris: she brings back and continues the tradition of emotional lyricism and further develops the model of confessional poetry. These elements of the artistic image remain pivotal in all of the poet’s works. Neither are bypassed other influences along the road to recovering tradition: these are the meditational nocturnal poetry of Vincas Mykolaitis-Putinas and the symbolic motives, found in the art of Mikalojus Čiurlionis of the early 20th century, which substantiated the imagination capable of transforming the world. From the impression left by the verses of German poets Friedrich Hölderlin and Rainer Maria Rilke – the depiction of nature as an eternal homeland of man, the posing of ontological and existential questions, and the usage of the motives of perpetual sources, the all-holding hand, and ripening. It is implied that the dialogue that Degutytė’s artistic imagery holds with tradition can be associated with the movement of retrieving cultural memory, which is a feature of her generation. The individual artistic image of the poet, based on a Romantic and symbolic worldview, is startlingly multilayered and one that integrally fuses the abovementioned traditions.

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Didaskaliniai epizodai Juozo Erlicko ir Herkaus Kunčiaus dramaturgijoje

Author(s): Neringa Klišienė / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 1/2017

The purpose of this article is to analyze Juozas Erlickas and Herkus Kunčius' dramatic texts, written at different periods, on the whole of the interaction and relationship between the didascalic episodes and the verbal action of the characters that are the dialogues. The didascalic episodes represent a particular case of the dramatic writing, peculiar to the two authors. Contrary mental scenic remarks, they deviate from the trajectory traced by the dialogues of the characters and begin to function autonomously as narrative "tables", interposing themselves in the dramatic action or by breaking it. The introduction of the didascalic episodes based on the playful union between theatricality and narrativity in a dramatic work makes it possible to distinguish the essential aspects of the analysis of this interaction: the enunciative aspect highlighting the trace of the author, who takes or the form of the soliloquy, and the narratological aspect in which the attention is concentrated on the textual fabric of the functions of the author and the reader / spectator as well as on that of their relation to the subject of the drama. We come to the conclusion that the appearance of a didascalic episode on the stage (real or imagined) is a mode of action that allows the theater to show its signs, especially those that are not intended to be seen. Transformed into discourse, the didascalic text appears as the dramatic material that breaks the links with fiction based on the principles of realism.

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DIDYSIS PASAKOJIMAS SOVIETMEČIU: KELI PANORAMINIAI PROBLEMOS ŠTRICHAI

Author(s): Audinga Peluritytė-Tikuišienė / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 1/2015

This article deals with development of Lithuanian art of early socialist realism. The key issues of the article are following: what is the position of the Grand Narrative which was formed by mature modernism in narration of Lithuanian art of the then? The article refers to the concept of crisis of mature modernity and grand narratives. This concept has been formulated in Lyotardʼs book The Postmodern Condition (1979). The article expands this concept by sociological interpretations of Antony Giddens and historical philosophical interpretations of Wolfgang Welsch. Also the discourse of alternative modernism has been included in the discussion with artefacts of socialist realism which to the problem of the Grand Narrative renders importants arguments of fake history and altered character. The art of socialist realismʼ period has been considered against a background of concepts of modernism and alternative modernism as well as that of the tendencies of depersonalization, personification, collectivism and nationality. The narratives of the fine arts (sculpture, painting) have been evaluated from the point of view of literary narratives.

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Die Konzeption der litauischen Nationalliteratur (von den 1890er bis zu den 1930er Jahren)

Author(s): Viktorija Šeina / Language(s): German Issue: 2/2018

This article investigates how the notion and perception of Lithuanian literature took shape at the time of the Lithuanian national movement (from the end of the 19th century until the beginning of the 20th century) and continued to develop during the restoration and naturalization of Lithuanian statehood (1918-1940). The sources I have used for the analysis are taken from both literature historiography and school curricula dating from the period. The investigation reveals how, within the historiography of Lithuanian literature, two opposing concepts of national literature crystalized around the turn of the 20th century: one based on an ethnolinguistic (centering on the Lithuanian language) and the other on a civic notion that centered around the history of Lithuanian statehood. The latter concept of national literature created the opportunity to expand the corpus of literature written in Lithuanian to include texts that had been written during the time of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in Ruthenian, Latin and Polish. The two differing concepts of a national literature coexisted in historiography and at universities until 1940. However, this situation was not tenable in the area of school education. After the Lithuanian state had been re-established, work began to set up a network of Lithuanian schools. The education ministry was tasked with designing a standardized school syllabus for Lithuanian literature with the aim of unifying the two approaches, namely, the ethnolinguistic concept and the notion of a national literature that integrated the country’s multilingual heritage. In the school syllabuses of 1920, 1923 and 1929, the multilingual concept had a growing influence. From the mid-1920s, however, as a nationalistic ideology took root and continued to strengthen within the political life of Lithuania, the education system was reformed in order to emphasize the nurturing of a national sentiment as the primary goal of education. The model of a multi-lingual national literature no longer fitted in with the national approach in schools—particularly unacceptable was the idea of a shared literary heritage with Poland. Consequently, after the education reform of 1936, the works by Lithuania’s 19th century Polish-speaking poets were dropped from the national canon of educational texts.

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DIE STILLE MODERNE IN DER LITAUISCHEN LITERATUR (1962–1982)

Author(s): Rita Tūtlytė / Language(s): German Issue: 1/2014

Der vorliegende Beitrag entstand auf der Grundlage einer Vorlesung am Institut für Baltistik der Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität Greifswald. Das Ziel war es, fremdsprachige Hörer mit den Eigenheiten der sogenannten litauischen stille Moderne bekannt zu machen. Zunächst wird auf politische und kulturelle Spannungen dieser Periode eingegangen. Besondere Aufmerksamkeit wird dabei auf die Weltanschauung einer ganzen Generation sowie auf das Paradigma ihres kollektiven Gedächtnisses in der symbiotischen Verflechtung von Geschichte und Mythos gerichtet. Kulturelle und historische Vorstellungen werden in dem Artikel über die Interpretation des litauischen Staatswappens, dem Vytis, verdeutlicht. Die Wahrnehmung der eigenen Identität in dieser Zeit wird am Beispiel struktueller Veränderungen in der Lyrik vorgeführt.

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DISTOPIJOS ELEMENTŲ RAIŠKA MODERNIOJOJE LIETUVIŲ PROZOJE

Author(s): Lina Buividavičiūtė / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 28(33)A/2015

The theoretical problems and practical analysis of utopia and its subgenre dystopia are widely known in the global cultural discourse. Nevertheless, these analyses still remains almost terra incognita in the studies of Lithuanian prose. The aim of this article is to analyse and compare the ambivalent elements in these novels: Vilniaus pokeris (Vilnius Poker) by R. Gavelis, Užkeiktas miestas (The Town under the Spell) by R. Lankauskas, and Anapus rytojaus (Beyond Tomorrow) by J. Jankus. This article is based on the hermeneutical methodology and the context of existentialism. The theoretical part of the article “Dystopian World” describes the main sources, features, and polemical issues of genre. The first practical part “The Social-Historical Subordinated Dystopia in Lithuanian Literature” analyses the concrete historical and cultural features of the dystopian genre. The features of ontological-existential dystopia are described in the second practical part of the paper.

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Divine Transcription of European History as Accident in Ignas Šeinius’ Satirical Novel Rejuvenation of Siegfried Immerselbe.

Author(s): Eugenijus Žmuida / Language(s): English,French Issue: 1/2019

The article based on the comparative principle seeks to introduce to a wide audience the unique novel by Lithuanian writer Ignas Šeinius Rejuvenation of Siegfried Immerselbe (1934), which mocks the ideology of the Third Reich. Its intertextuality fascinates – the story involves many popular “wandering plots” known in literature and myths. Šeinius goes into a dispute with the tradition of science fiction, argues with it and expands it by offering unexpected solutions. At the same time, the work raises global ideas, contemplates the course of human history and discusses its alternatives. The conclusion is that the novel has received too little attention and evaluation, which have resulted in its belated translation into English.

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Długa droga do litewskiego przekładu „Traktatu poetyckiego” Czesława Miłosza

Author(s): Beata Kalęba / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2021

The article is devoted to the reception of Czesław Miłosz’s body of work in translations into Lithuanian language as well as his cooperation with Lithuanian authors. The issue addressed is the reception of Miłosz’s work among the writers of the “Literatūros lankai” emigrant journal and in Tomas Venclova’s eyes, who himself is one of the main translators of Miłosz into Lithuanian, and the author of a newly published traduction of his A Treatise on Poetry.

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Dominikas Cezarijus Chodzka - Simono Daukanto kolega

Author(s): Reda Griškaitė / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 05/2003

Dominikas Cezarijus Chodzka (Dominik Cezary Chodêko, 1796-1863) was a literary activist, translator, educator, and a member of Vilnius Archeological Commission. Most of his life Chodzka spent in Vilnius, Lithuania. This article was inspired by the discovery of Chodzka's manuscript Krótka Wiadomoúã o dwóch Rækopismach zawierajàcych róýne Akta i Przywileje z Archiwum krolewieckiego oraz z miejsc innych zebrane dla rozjaúnienia dziejow Litwy, Ýmudzi i Rusi posùuýyã mogàce (A Short Note on Two Manuscripts that Contain various Acts and Privileges Originating from the Karaliauèius [Königsberg] Archive and Other Locations, which Might Serve to Explain the History of Lithuania, of Lithuanian Lowlands [Samogitia], and of Russia. It is kept in the Library of the Lithuanian Academy of Sciences, Vilnius, call number f. 18 - 50). This text (dated January 11[23], 1862) was addressed and dedicated to the Vilnius Archeological Commission. Analysis has revealed that the documents (or at least one of them - Collection of Lithuanian Lowland Acts [Privileges]) described in Chodzka's manuscript are directly linked to the wellknown historian Simonas Daukantas (1793-1864). This circumstance enabled me not only consider Chodzka's relation to Daukantas, but also Daukantas' relation to the Vilnius Archeological Commission and broadly speaking "Daukantas" ties with the Vilnius elite itself. I have also described Chodzka's biography in detail since activity of this literary figure is still little researched.

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Draudžiamų jausmų kūlgrinda ir pelkės salų šventumas

Author(s): Gintautas Mažeikis / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 72/2019

The article uses methods of literary criticism, critical theory, and genealogy to discuss feelings and actions of resistance in a culture of swamps. It analyzes actions of ejecting and resisting cultural phenomena, transgression, and recognition, and how underground resistance differs from that carried out on a swamp island. The topic of swamp islands is tied to the phenomena of underwater stone roads and that of a holy site. The first part reviews depictions of a swamp by Juozas Tumas-Vaižgantas, Kazys Boruta, Juozas Baltušis, Petras Dirgėla, Jolita Skablauskaitė, Romas Treinys, and Stasys Jonauskas. This review shows how the swamp‘s freedom increased and how its sacredness and resistance opened up in Lithuanian literature; how it liberated itself from hegemonies, how it made common cause with the devil and Nothingness, and with myths; and how it is tied to the physical and psychological phenomena of bogs, mires, sloughs opening the way for and enabling forbidden emotions and freeing the witches (in an evolution from blind feeling to a rush and finally witch).The second part is a comparative analysis of pedagogical metaphors: Homer‘s nymph grotto, Plato‘s cave, desert oasis (Zerzura), and swamp island. Each separate metaphor defines a different way of educating a human being. A swamp island teaches us the sanctity of resistance, even though this is incompatible with the hegemonic Enlightenment or the dominant Church. The last part is devoted to an analysis of life’s path as an existential paradigm by comparing and opposing Heidegger’s forest paths (Holzwege), roaming about in the desert, and walking on underwater stone roads. The analysis shows that the motifs of rambling about and opening up do not explain underwater stone roads, which represent a hidden severity and the discipline and practice of resistance.

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Du Jurgio Ambraziejaus Pabrëžos rankrašèiai: Kninga turinti savëj kozonius ir Rekolekcijos dvasiškos

Author(s): Giedrius Subačius / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 03/2001

This article is about the history of two manuscripts by the Lithuanian Franciscan Father Jurgis Ambraziejus Pabrëþa (1771-1849): (1) Kninga Tóræti sawiey Kozonius ónt nekóriu Nedielys Dyinu yr ónt ùabay daug Szwæcziu, 1822 [PaKTSK] (The Book Containing Sermons for Certain Weekdays and for Numerous Holidays) and (2) REKÓLEKCYJYS DWASYSZKAS I tris dyinas PADALITAS, 1846 [PaRD] (Religious Retreats Divided into Three Days). Both manuscripts have recently dropped out of view. In 1940 the Soviet government attempted to destroy the library of the Kretinga (Lithuania) Franciscan monastery where numerous manuscripts of Pabrëþa were kept. The Franciscan Brother Mykolas Tamoðiûnas (and the priest Petras Ruðkys?) secretly saved some books and documents.

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EGZISTENCIJOS TIPAI RIČARDO GAVELIO ROMANE „VILNIAUS POKERIS”

Author(s): Lina Buividavičiūtė / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 22(27)/2012

The reception of Ričardas Gavelis’s works still remains problematic. The conception of the author’s novels is controversial, balancing between theories of modernism and postmodernism. This article focuses on one of Gavelis’s most significant novels, Vilnius poker. The analysis is based on the assumption that the postmodern structure hides the modern conception of the novel. The aims of the article are to actualize a modern postmodern poetics and to analyze the types of existence in the romance. The possibilities of an authentic existence are analyzed in contrast to the monological, postcolonialistic “broken human being”. The analysis of the concept of authentic being is based on the philosophies of Heidegger and Kierkegaard. The concepts of dialogical and monological being are based on the works of Bakhtin and Buber. The article is based on hermeneutic methodology and the theory of dialogue. The concept of authentic being is analyzed in the context of existentialism. In the theoretical part, the author describes the problems of authentic dialogical being in general, and analyses the context of existentialism and the differences between dialogue and monologue. In the first practical part, the types of the monological being in Vilnius poker are analyzed. In the second one, the concept of authentic being in Vilnius poker is analyzed.

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Eilėraščiai iš „meistarnės“

Author(s): Gvidas Latakas / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 82/2020

Tapytojas, juvelyras Gvidas Latakas – vienas savičiausių menininkų, nuo jaunumės rašantis ir eilėraščius. Išleistos trys eilėraščių knygos: „Kol išsiris varniukai“, „Nekalendoriniai šventieji“, „Lokenos“. Visos jo knygos apdovanotos premijomis. Gvido Latako eilėraščiuose nuolatos kinta rakursai, gaivalingai juda stichijos : dailė padeda poezijai, poezija – dailei. Kalba rupi, naši, artėja prie šnekamosios. Iš eilėraščio į eilėraštį keliauja bibliniai, istoriniai personažai, sakmių, mitų, padavimų veikėjai. Praeitis patiriama per liudijimus, archetipinius reliktus, kurie tarsi atgyja. Dabartis šmėsčioja epizodiškai, lyg atsitiktinai patekusi į istorijas. Poeto kūriniai primena iš tvirtų sąsparų suręstą, anot jo paties, budinką, palocių. Riedėte rieda vešlūs ir kartu geros kraujotakos pasakojimai. Iš vitališkų, kupinų sąmojo ir vidinio linksmumo palyginimų netikėtai išnyra primiršti žemaitiški žodžiai, kurie liudija atmintį ir būtovę. Gvidas Latakas nesidairo į lite- ratūrines madas, bet nevengia „naujų senovių“. Jo eilėraščių žmogus tiki, kad ne visi dangaus šventieji puikuojasi mūsų kalendoriuose, o gyvena tarpe mūsų, valgo ir geria, dirba savuosius darbus. Kita vertus, žmogus savotiškai suklūsta: „Tikiu amatais, tebus jie pagarbinti per amžius.“

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Eilėraštis kaip komunikatas: Onės Baliukonės lyrikos komunikatyvumas

Author(s): Skaistė Barkutė / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 38(43)/2020

This article presents the creation of art – a poesy – in the context of the theory of communication. Multimeaning of the concept of communication supposes plenty of attitudes and considerations and complexity of definition. There exist two different schools of communication studies, one being the process school and the other being the semiotic school. The process school is cantered on the transmission of messages and understanding the effects of it. The semiotic school focuses on communication being a production and exchanging of meanings. It researches how messages and texts interact with people. Since the creation of art is considered as communiqué, so its conveying content relates with, a spiritual link a creator and a perceiver. The article discusses a poem as a communiqué, its place in the structure of the process and semiotic communication models. The article also discusses poesy as a message and its communicativeness, informativeness, and importance. O. Baliukonė’s poetry was taken to implement this aim. The fulfilled research demonstrated that O. Baliukonė actively communicates with a reader through her poems. Decoding is the same creative process as encoding; thus, in this article, attention is paid to the poet’s and also to a reader’s creation of the meaning of a message.

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EILIUOTŲ IR NEEILIUOTŲ CH. PERRAULT PASAKŲ VERTIMŲ ANALIZĖ

Author(s): Liucija Černiuvienė / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 1/2008

Dans le présent article sont analysées les traductions en lituanien des contes de Ch. Perrault, faites par R. Skučaitė, poète célèbre de la Lituanie. Sont analysées les traductions des contes en prose et également celles des contes en vers qui ont été traduits pour la première fois. Premièrement l’auteur du présent article a présenté d’une manière brève le style de Ch. Perrault. Ensuite a été abordée la problématique du contenu et de la forme en tant que porteurs de sens dans un poème ainsi que la nécessité de les traduire. Après avoir analysé des extraits des traductions de R. Skučaitė l’auteur a pu constater que les traductions des contes en vers sont fidèles au sens en ce qui concerne le contenu et la forme. Les traductions des contes en prose quant à elles sont fidèles au style de Ch. Perrault, elles sont faites dans un langage imagé, clair, expressif et très poétique.

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Ein frühes preußisch-litauisches Mandat von 1578

Author(s): Anna Helene Feulner,Wolfgang Hock / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 20/2018

Three handwritten copies of an order issued by George Frederick, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach, have recently come to light in the Secret State Archives Prussian Cultural Heritage Foundation (Berlin). Two of these, A and B, had been edited before by Jurgis Gerullis (1927), but were meanwhile considered lost. The third one, K, has been newly discovered in a file of drafts which also contained the German drafts both for the text of the order and the Duke’s accompanying letter to the church administrations of Tilsit and Ragnit. It is edited here with the variants from A, B and a photograph of the lost copy U, and together with the two German drafts. The edition is accompanied by a full commentary and glossary. George Frederick, nephew of the first Prussian duke Albert of Brandenburg, took over the administration of the Duchy of Prussia after Albert’s son had been declared unfit to rule. The order, dating from December 1578 and addressed to the church administration of Tilsit, admonishes the members of the Protestant church district of Tilsit to fulfil their obligations as Christians and refrain from heathen practices. It is the earliest extant administrative document written in Old Lithuanian.

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Ekspresionistinis kalbos vaizdumas Almio Grybausko „Atklydimuose“

Author(s): Neringa Butnoriūtė / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 70/2018

The article aims to actualize the unresearched intrinsic features of expressionism and rectify the peculiarities of poet’s writing style by analyzing the poetry of Almis Grybauskas’s, a poet and translator, from his collection “Atklydimai” (1983). It presents expressionism in the context of a more extensive phenomenon, i.e. literay imagism. This article also takes into consideration the principle of defamiliarization that is typical to Grybauskas’s poetic language. By analyzing 3 texts of his more closely, it exposes the function of expressionist stylistic devices (the creation of integrity of form and content, perspective (motifs of road and journey), the effect of ‘vision’ and awkwardness, the delay of understanding). In the course of analysis it becomes clear that Grybauskas’s expressionism is set up not so much on visuality that is based on external effects (i.e., exogenous graphic form), as on the picturesqueness of language that is oriented towards the structure and the dynamic act of communication (i.e., its intrinsic features). And this allows one to associate Grybauskas’s texts with the German expressionism tradition. The article also reveals that the articulation of expressionism in the texts written by the poet who made his debut in the late Soviet period essentially contradicts the aim of the socialist realism discourse to represent reality in a biased way. Grybauskas’s poetry establishes an autonomous perception of reality, which enables the reader to see the structure that is made from language as a species of spiritual culture.

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Emilijos Beniovskytės-Vrublevskienės (Emilia z Beniowskich Wróblewska, 1830-10-05–1886-12-23) dienoraščiai (1850-08-05–1886-09)

Author(s): Reda Griškaitė / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 14/2012

Emilia Wróblewska (or Emilia z Beniowskich Wróblewska) is known mostly as the mother of the famous Vilnius (Rus. Вильна, Pol. Wilno) lawyer and political activist Tadeusz Stanisław Wróblewski (1858–1925). Her name and that of her husband Eustachy Wróblewski (1826–1891) – are immortalized in the name of the library which they founded in Vilnius in 1912, viz. the Eustachy and Emilia Wróblewski Library (originally “Biblioteka im. Eustachego i Emilii Wróblewskich w Wilnie”; now – the Wróblewski Library of the Lithuanian Academy of Sciences; abbreviated here as – LMAVB ). Therefore this woman is usually mentioned only in publications devoted to the library or to her son Tadeusz Stanisław Wróblewski, and more recently to her son Augustyn Wróblewski (1866 – after 1913) in biographical sketches or biographies. Rather more rarely is Wróblewska named as the daughter of Bartłomiej Beniowski (~1800–1867), a participant in the 1830–1831 insurrection or a person with close ties to her husband’s nephew and ward Eustachy Wróblewski, one of the leaders of the 1863–1864 uprising and later with Walery Wróblewski (1836–1908) a general of the Paris Commune.

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EPISTOLINĖ „DRAMATURGIJA“: SOFIJOS ČIURLIONIENĖS LAIŠKAI DUKRAI

Author(s): Neringa Klišienė / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 1/2015

Les documents épistolaires de Sofija Čiurlionienė Kymantaitė qui témoignent de sa vie littéraire et sociale la révèlent comme une représentante très particulière de ce genre. Dans le présent article, on se concentre sur la nature dramaturgique et ludique des lettres de Čiurlionienė. Ce caractère est surtout saillant dans sa correspondance intime adressée à ses proches, et notamment à sa fille Danutė. La communication par lettres est créée selon un modèle spécifique de «jeu » théâtral (le principe du dialogue théâtral, l’instance du metteur en scène, les circonstances de la «double énonciation») qui dévoile la relation hétérogène entre mère et fille (JeTu; Je-(Elle)-Tu). Dans le présent article, on analyse les stratégies d’écriture de lettres qui varient en fonction des rôles assumés au sein de la famille. La stratégie choisie assure une relation réciproque entre mère et fille.

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