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Pirmieji modernizmo blykstelėjimai lietuvių prieškario teatre 1920-1929 m.

Author(s): Irena Aleksaitė / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 4(37)/2004

In pre-war Lithuania of the 20s, there were essential differences between manifestations of modernism in literature, art, and theatre. These differences were due to objective reasons having to do with the historical developments in each of these areas. What the modern and innovative manifestations in all areas of the arts had in common was the fact that they came belated compared to analogous phenomena in Western Europe (where they became the focus of avant-garde art).Lithuanian theatre's unique and exclusive developmental peculiarities as well as its evolutionary difficulties in the third decade of its existence determined the belated and overly modest manifestations of modern art. These manifestations are associated with the formation of professional theatre, the direction representing the old pre-reformist Russian school, the theatre repertoire, as well as the complicated situation of the company in the first decade of the professional national theatre's existence.Director Borisas Dauguvietis' outbursts of modernism in the third decade of the theatre involve elements of symbolism, naturalism, orientalism, "technicism", a theatrical improvisation in the "commedia dell'arte" style; these single flashes can be observed in the following plays: G. Hauptmann's "Hannele", M. Maeterlinck's "The Intruder", J. Vilkutaitis-Keturakis's "Amerika pirtyje", C. Gozzi's "Turandot", L. Pirandello's "Right You Are, If You Think You Are", and Moliere's "The Imaginary Invalid". B. Dauguvietis' searches for the origin and essence of modern stage tools and their contact with the repercussions of Eastern (A. Tairov's) and Western modern stage art are also notable. In the context of the national drama theatre's repertoire, these productions demonstrated B. Dauguvietis' creative potential as well as the company's barely noticeable slip towards scenic novelties. In that sense, the fourth decade of the theatre's development was far richer and more colourful, linked with the entrenchment of scenic innovation and modern direction (examples of the above include A. Oleka Žilinskas', Mikhail Chekhov's, and their students A. Jakševičius' and R. Juknevičius' original directions representing the scenic avant-gardism of the 1930s in Russia.)

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Septyneri emigranto metai: Arkadijus Buchovas Kaune

Author(s): Marius Vyšniauskas / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 16/2016

The article analyses the life of Arcady Buchov (1889–1937) in Kaunas. This man was a satirist and the editor of the political newspaper “Echo”. A. Buchov reveals the diversity of Imperial/Soviet Russian politics and rival activities. Moreover, not only he helps to understand changing roles of Russian, Lithuanian, and Western Europe states but also presents general structure of culture, socialization and politics in the first decade of the 20th century. The aim of this article is to analyse the life and works of A. Buchov, his work experience in the period of the first Republic of Lithuania, and take a look into the environment he matured and the ideas he expressed. In addition, to reveal close contacts with Lithuanian politics, press, and family of L. Gira. Editorial office of “Echo” named “Spy nest” and problematic political reactions of A. Buchov are analysed as well.

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Literatūra Kaip Medijų Sistema Arba Kas Yra Medija Mariui Katiliškiui ?

Author(s): Saulius Keturakis / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 64/2010

This research paper has got two aims. The first is related to the idea by Wolfgang Iser, that is the so called medial turn which has dicplaced literature from the central position in the cultural paradigm and transformed it to media equal to all the other forms of it. Analysis of the novell „Mi kais ateina ruduo“ by Marius Katili kis is linked to the idea by German cultural theorist Oliver Jahraus about literature as the media system, which allows to interpret literature as a part of the theory of a modern subject. In this way literature has been restored to the dominating position in culture. The second aim of this research paper is to analyse an encounter of the tradition with the different technological linguistic, acoustic and visual media in the novel by Marius Katilikis, to show a reflection of human being in the mediated reality, which seems to be for the first time so consistently accomplished in the whole history of the Lithuanian critical thinking.

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Konstantino Sirvydo Punktų sakymų spaudmenys ir rašyba

Author(s): Virginija Vasiliauskienė / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 69/2013

This article describes the usage of typefaces as well as the basic principles of orthography in Konstantinas Sirvydas’ book of sermons Gospel Points (SP). Orthography of SP was mostly influenced by Latin and Polish. Most of the different diacritics are seldom used, but in most cases they are used consistently. In certain cases these diacritics are used to mark a stressed syllable or were a means of differentiation in homographs and homoforms. Variations in marking fricative consonants and affricates can be determined both by technical reasons in printing and by reflecting changes in the speech of Vilnius’ residents. Typefaces used for marking abbreviations and omissions followed Latin traditions. Three different typefaces were used during printing for marking both the capital letters and <J> in those parts of the text that were in antique cursive. No special letters were used to differentiate long vowels from short vowels. Variations are evident in marking: (1) [e] and [ai] that follow a soft consonant; (2) voiced consonants before voiceless, and voiceless consonants before voiced; (3) the prefix iš-. Principles of combining adjacent words or writing them separately were influenced by prosodical features as well as by basic standards of other languages and also technical features of the printing process and language competence of editors and typesetters. Usage of capital letters is based on Latin and Polish or is taken from quotable sources.

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Rankraštinės Purpuros chronologiniai santykiai su 1759 metų Žyvatu

Author(s): Aleksas Girdenis / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 07/2005

This article deals with the manuscript Purpura iszganima mukos Jezusa, which was compiled in the North-Western Lowland Lithuanian dialect. The title page bears the year 1707, but basing myself on the linguistic data I attempt to prove that the text was composed (or reedited) only after the middle of the nineteenth century or even slightly later. Along with the salient graphic peculiarities that show such a late origin of the manuscript, certain linguistic features which are different in the other Lowland Lithuanian book (based on the same dialect) Ziwatas Pona yr Diewa musu Jezusa Christusa (1759) prove this to be a comparatively late version of the manuscript Purpura: 1. The morphological alternation of [t], [d] : [è], [dþ] is almost totally absent in Purpura; in Zywatas this process was still in the embryonic stage of development. 2. In Zywatas the sound [e] was consistently used in unstressed word-stem and inflectional positions. In Purpura the shift can be traced as it progresses very clearly: -e- ´ -¼-, -e ´ -¼. 3. In certain cases the cluster [nî] was more than just nasalized, it was actually turned into [nán] in Purpura. Yet the same cluster [nî] in Zywatas was always kept unaltered. 4. Certain archaic morphological features were absent from the manuscript; yet they were present in Zywatas. Note for instance, the loc. pl. ending -su and also such archaic forms of the consonantal declension as the instr. sg. sesermi '(with) sister', instr. pl. sesermis '(with) sisters'h, etc. At the end of the article certain strong arguments are advanced to demonstrate that the linguistic basis of Purpura was the subdialect of Kretinga of the so-called littoral Lowland Lithuanian dialect.

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Kirilikos Evangelijų (1865) rašyba: Laurynas Ivinskis ir Jonas Krečinskis

Author(s): Daiva Litvinskaitė / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 07/2005

The Evangelijos (1865) is a Lithuanian book compiled in the Cyrillic alphabet. It is based on an earlier Lithuanian book by Juozapas Arnulfas Giedraitis (1757-1838) Naujas Istatimas (1816), which was printed in Latin letters. Laurynas Ivinskis (1810-1881) was thought to be a compiler of the Evangelijos. However, a comparison of its orthography with the spelling of the autonomously written Kalendorius of Ivinskis of 1865 demonstrates that the concept of Cyrillic orthography diverges greatly in those two Lithuanian texts. Still the orthography of the Evangelijos is analogous to Ivinskis' Kalendorius of 1866 that was compiled in collaboration a year later with Jonas Kreèinskis (ca. 1820 after 1884). The most frequent words found in the Cyrillic based Lithuanian works by Ivinskis and Kreèinskis have clearly demonstrated that the orthography of the Evangelijos was very similar to Kreèinskis' model of that orthography. Philological analysis has shown that Ivinskis and Kreèinskis might have worked together on the text of the Lithuanian Evangelijos in Cyrillic.

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"Nebibliografinë" Jono Bretkûno Postilë (1591): Vlado Daumanto egzempliorius

Author(s): Ona Aleknavičienė / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 06/2004

In this article I describe the copy of Jonas Bretkûnas' Postilla (1591), which is kept in the Kaunas Art Gallery of Mykolas Žilinskas (this is a division of the National Art Museum of Mikalojus Konstantinas Èiurlionis), in the section of Archival Documents and Photographs (call number: Tkr. 148). Until 1944 the copy was kept in the private collection of Vladas Daumantas. For a certain period after World War Two it was unknown to scholars. The copy was included neither in the Lithuanian Bibliography (Lietuvos TSR bibliografija, 1969; LB I), nor in the supplement volume (Papildymai, 1990; LBP). This is the tenth copy of Bretkûnas' Postilla kept in Lithuania. Daumantas' copy is not defective, but is in good condition. There are, however, certain errors of pagination. Certain circumstances attest that this copy was the property of Vladas Daumantas: (1) an inscription in purple pencil on the title page "VDaumantas" (cf. Fig. 1); (2) an inscription "VDaumanto kolekcija" in the accession book of the Art Museum of Mikalojus Konstantinas Èiurlionis; (3) a description of the Postilla in the manuscripts by Petras Jakðtas (a contemporary of Daumantas; they both were members of the 27 Book Lovers Society).

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Uwagi o polszczyênie Dzienników (1853-1856) Antanasa Baranauskasa

Author(s): Halina Karaś / Language(s): Polish Issue: 06/2004

Linguistic analysis of Antanas Baranauskas' (1835-1902) Diary (1853-1856) proves that the author recorded it in a Polish dialect that was spoken in the region of Kaunas (Lithuania) at that time. His Diary reveals some phonetic, grammatical, and lexical features typical for that northern borderland variety of the Polish language. There are numerous examples of phonetic features that are not different from the contemporary Polish usage, but hardly any of them were present in the standard Polish of the nineteenth century. Baranauskas used many phonetic features that were characteristic for the northern borderland Polish dialect, e.g., different from the standard Polish distribution of <o> and <ó>; pronunciation of unstressed [e] and [o] as [a]; reduction of unstressed vowels; secondary palatalization and dispalatalization, especially dispalatalization of [n'] and palatalization of [s], [z], [c], [dz] in the position before [k']. The two latter cases can be explained by the interference from the Lithuanian language. There is assimilation (and simplification) of sequences (units) of palatalized consonants and fluctuation of alveolar and dental consonants, which are characteristic to Lithuanian (not Polish). There are also some cases of hypercorrection.

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XVIII - XIX amþiaus lietuvišku tekstu grafemos , <J>

Author(s): Giedrius Subačius / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 05/2003

Around the third and fourth decades of the eighteenth century printers evidently believed that capital (upper case) letters and <J> were to be differentiated like their lower case equivalents and <j> (cf. Jurgis Kasakauskis' Razanczius, 1727; Jonas Jaknavièius' Ewangelie, before 1727, 1731, 1738, 1743). On the other hand such a rule was not applied consistently at that time, and all the texts still possessed deviations from the rules (whether because of absence of italic <J>, as in Kasakauskis' Razanczius, or because of the strong influence of an older model, as in Jaknavièius' Ewangelie). Nevertheless the new (fashionable) letter <J> sometimes managed to push the grapheme aside. Thus there is no functional distinction between and <J> in the anonymous grammar called Universitas (1737). Moreover, in the second half of the text the typesetter switched to using only the letter <J>. 1.2. Approximately in the middle of the eighteenth century (in 1750 and later) the Vilnius' University (Academy) printing house finally established the precise orthography of the letters and <J> that matched respectively the sounds [i] and [j] (in Lithuanian the sound [i] is a vowel and the sound [j] is a sonorant consonant that can occur only before a vowel and is always pronounced like English [y] in yes); cf. Jonas Jaknavièius' Ewangelie (1750, 1756, 1758), Vincenzo Caraffa's Pedelis Miros (1750), Mykolas Olðevskis' Broma (1753).

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Tarmės įtaka Mariaus Katiliškio raštų kalbai

Author(s): Janina Švambarytė-Valužienė / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 76/2017

The article describes linguistic views of writer Marius Katiliškis (real name is Albinas Vaitkus, born on 15 September 1914 in Gruzdžiai, Šiauliai district; died on 17 December 1980 in Lemont, a suburb of Chicago), who comes from Northern Lithuania, Žagarė district, discusses the lexis of Šiauliai sub-dialect of the Western Aukštaitian used in Katiliškis’ works and dialect speech patterns that the writer is known for. The article is compiled with reference to the material of the manuscript of the Glossary of Marius Katiliškis Works (abbreviated as KtŽ), compiled by the author of the article. KtŽ lexis is compiled from the novels Miškais ateina ruduo (1969), Užuovėja (1990), Išėjusiems negrįžti (1990) and a collection of short stories Seno kareivio sugrįžimas (2003). Katiliškis had a good command of Žagarė speech: he had heard quite a few stories told in it, collected and noted individual words, their forms and language expressions. Dialect lexis abundant in Katiliškis’ writings indicates that the writer acted as a dialect user, i.e., created words, formed collocations not included into any dictionaries, used various nuances of word meaning. Words used or created by Katiliškis are affective, noticed by the reader as new, emotional, finally interesting in the way of phonic and semantic meaning. In Katiliškis’ writings the story is relayed by using simple and extended sentences or thoughts that are divided into short sentence components. It seems that the writer wishes to halt the reader for a moment and to emphasise every collocation or phrase. Usually, this kind of fragmented sentence also conceals an emotion expression. Katiliškis’ writings, as indicated in the article, are written in local dialect, i.e., dialect language used in 20th century. Up till this day, the development of standard language requires a more in-debt study by linguists focused on various areas of research, and Katiliškis’ writings are texts on which such an investigation should be grounded.

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IŠ GOETHE’S IR SCHILLERIO ARCHYVO WEIMARE: ABRAHAMO JAKOBO PENZELIO, JOHANNO WOLFGANGO VON GOETHE’S IR MARTYNO LIUDVIKO RĖZOS LAIŠKAI DĖL LIETUVIŲ DAINŲ RINKINIO DAINOS ODER LITTHAUISCHE VOLKSLIEDER (1825)

Author(s): Liucija Citavičiūtė / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 19/2017

The edition of the first Lithuanian songbook Dainos oder Litthauische Volkslieder (Königsberg, 1825) prepared by Königsberg University Professor and the Head of the Lithuanian Language Seminar Martynas Liudvikas Rėza is still raising questions. Some may be answered by sources kept in Weimar: Goethe and Schiller archives, Duchess Anna Amalia Library and Johann Wolfgang von Goethe’s private library at the Goethe’s house-museum. These sources are poorly investigated, published only in a fragmentary way and some have not yet been translated into Lithuanian. The investigation of the circumstances of the collection reveals details that were unknown or underestimated, for example, that the preparation of the Rėza collection was pushed by Abraham Jakob Penzel’s plans to prepare a Lithuanian song collection and to ask for Goethe’s support, as well as the circumstances of how and when Goethe received the manuscript of the collection from Königsberg and why he did not reply to Rėza. It also reveals some of the circumstances of preparation of the collection, methodology and subsequent Rėza’s plans that were not implemented. Some questions also remain unanswered: when, under what circumstances, and for what purpose was an identical song edition published in Leipzig in 1827 and how did it reach the library of Duchess Anna Amalia.

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KULTŪROS SĄVOKOS RAIŠKA DAUKANTO DARBUOSE

Author(s): Roma Bončkutë / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 98/2019

This article investigates how the emerging term of “culture” was conceptualized in the works of the famous Lithuanian historian Simonas Daukantas (1793–1864). He was the first Lithuanian nineteenth-century historian who wrote in his mother tongue. Although Daukantas was the follower of Johann Gottfried Herder (1744–1803), who was the first to establish “cultura” as a term (die Kultur), Daukantas did not use the term “cultura” to signify the concept of culture as it is known today. The article shows that in his Polish texts Daukantas uses the term “civilization” in place of “culture” and this word is found in his dictionary Didysis lenkų–lietuvių kalbų žodynas (The Great Polish-Lithuanian Dictionary ~ 1850–1856). In Dictionary he translated the term “civilization” from Polish to Lithuanian using the word vigilance (“akylumas”): “Cywilizacya” became “akylumas”, the verb cultivate: “Cywilizować” became “akylinti” and the adjective vigilant: „Cywilizowany” – “akylas”. Using Reinhart Kosellek’s theory on the history of concepts, this article discusses why Daukantas chose the word vigilance („akylumas”) in place of the concept of culture.

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Bycie nie na miejscu: Listy Georga Forstera z Wilna (1784–1787) jako narracja autobiograficzna

Author(s): Monika Bednarczuk / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2019

The paper examines the letters of Georg Forster (1754–1794), a German scientist and traveler who spent three years as a professor of natural history at Vilnius University. In a rich series of letters that Forster wrote between November 1784 and August 1787, he not only discussed the issues concerning his plans and teaching experiences but also commented critically on the functioning of both the Vilnius University and the local society. On the one hand, his correspondence offers a striking reminder of how European intellectuals of the period saw themselves and the world: Forster’s great scientific and didactic ambitions were inseparable from the stereotypical perception of Poland-Lithuania as a supposedly “backward” region in terms of its social and cultural development. On the other hand, his reports from Vilnius reflect his loneliness, with this estrangement initially resulting from various difficulties that stemmed from cultural differences and conflicts, and later from a feeling of failure with related to knowledge dissemination.

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Lyginamoji italų ir prancūzų meninių tekstų leksinių analitinių konstrukcijų vartojimo ir vertimo į lietuvių kalbą analizė

Author(s): Paulina Ulozienė,Aurelija Leonavičienė / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 16/2020

The intensification of research on Lithuanian translations of Italian literature and Italian translations of Lithuanian literature over the past twenty years is paralleled by the growth of interest in Italian literature in Lithuania. However, the existing research on diverse linguistic and cultural characteristics of texts translated from Italian into Lithuanian and vice versa has been sporadic, thus leaving much to be done to uncover links between the two languages and identify translation-related issues. The present article looks into one of the issues, namely, the lexical analytical construction of the Italian language and its translation into Lithuanian. Fictional texts by two representative Italian contemporary writers, Alesandro Baricco and Umberto Eco are chosen as a source of data including over three thousand pages of the source language (SL) and the target language (TL) texts. The results are compared with similar studies on translation of French literary texts into Lithuanian. The study on the translation of lexical analytical constructions in Italian literary texts translated into Lithuanian uses the theoretical framework and methodology provided by the Italian School of Semiotic Translation represented by Umberto Eco and Bruno Osimo among others. The study adopts a holistic approach to the analysis of lexical analytical constructions in Lithuanian translations of Italian literature. Comparative quantitative study has revealed three translation strategies: reformulation, translation without changes and remodelling. Reformulation has been identified to be the most frequent translation strategy. Its frequency was five times higher than that of translation without changes. The latter strategy was twice more frequent than the strategy of remodelling, which, accounts for less than ten per cent of all translation cases. Uses of calque or omission as translation strategies were not found. [...]

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Die Konzeption der litauischen Nationalliteratur (von den 1890er bis zu den 1930er Jahren)

Author(s): Viktorija Šeina / Language(s): German Issue: 2/2018

This article investigates how the notion and perception of Lithuanian literature took shape at the time of the Lithuanian national movement (from the end of the 19th century until the beginning of the 20th century) and continued to develop during the restoration and naturalization of Lithuanian statehood (1918-1940). The sources I have used for the analysis are taken from both literature historiography and school curricula dating from the period. The investigation reveals how, within the historiography of Lithuanian literature, two opposing concepts of national literature crystalized around the turn of the 20th century: one based on an ethnolinguistic (centering on the Lithuanian language) and the other on a civic notion that centered around the history of Lithuanian statehood. The latter concept of national literature created the opportunity to expand the corpus of literature written in Lithuanian to include texts that had been written during the time of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in Ruthenian, Latin and Polish. The two differing concepts of a national literature coexisted in historiography and at universities until 1940. However, this situation was not tenable in the area of school education. After the Lithuanian state had been re-established, work began to set up a network of Lithuanian schools. The education ministry was tasked with designing a standardized school syllabus for Lithuanian literature with the aim of unifying the two approaches, namely, the ethnolinguistic concept and the notion of a national literature that integrated the country’s multilingual heritage. In the school syllabuses of 1920, 1923 and 1929, the multilingual concept had a growing influence. From the mid-1920s, however, as a nationalistic ideology took root and continued to strengthen within the political life of Lithuania, the education system was reformed in order to emphasize the nurturing of a national sentiment as the primary goal of education. The model of a multi-lingual national literature no longer fitted in with the national approach in schools—particularly unacceptable was the idea of a shared literary heritage with Poland. Consequently, after the education reform of 1936, the works by Lithuania’s 19th century Polish-speaking poets were dropped from the national canon of educational texts.

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Kančia pagal AntanąVienuolį, arba dar kartą apie gamtos figūras ir žmogiškas reikšmes apsakyme „Paskenduolė“

Author(s): Loreta Mačianskaitė / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 1/2024

This research focuses on the most studied work of the Lithuanian literature – the short story “The Drowned Girl” by Antanas Vienuolis (lt. „Paskenduolė“, written in 1909, published in 1913). It responds to the analysis of Guy de Maupassantʼs “Two Friends” conducted by Algirdas Julien Greimas and its disturbing assertion that the analyzed story should be read as a symbolist rather than a realist text. The study reveals the polemic structure of sociolectal and idiolectal representations of values and reconstructs two figurative universes. The short story fits the definition of a pluri-isotopic discourse and can be considered both a para-Christian and an anti-Christian myth. The analyzed text is related to the implicit narrative of the prayers on the Rosary and the Stations of the Cross, as well as the cycle of summer holidays, opening access to an anagogical sense. The suggestiveness of this work can be understood through its communicative strategy, which evokes emotional engagement similar to that found in religious art. One of the most important aspects of this short story is the audience’s orientation toward independent perception, which is typical of parables. The study concludes that “The Drowned Girl” is the first modern mythical discourse in the Lithuanian literature.

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Kamilės laiškas Aleksandrai, arba Ne tik laiškas

Author(s): Reda Griškaitė / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 1/2024

In this publication, the letter-manifesto of the writer Kamilla z Narbuttów Jurewiczowa (or Kamilla Narbuttówna vel Kamilla Narbutt, ~1815–1881), first published in 1852 in Vilnius, is presented. It explores the issues of gender equality, woman’s freedom(s) and powers, as well as questions of women’s education, which are closely related to the still-sensitive problem of a writing woman. Both the original letter-manifesto in Polish and its translation into Lithuanian (with subject-related commentaries) are provided to the reader.

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Vilnius and the Problem of Rococo, 1803–1830

Author(s): Tomasz Jędrzejewski / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2024

Post-partition Vilnius has often been described as the birthplace of Romanticism (or the city of late Enlightenment). This article focuses not on Classicism or Romanticism, but on the local Rococo culture that flourished between 1803 and 1830. The term ‘Rococo’ encompasses a certain aesthetic sensibility that became popular in the salons mondains of the long 18th century. The preference for the small, the irregular, the intriguing and the enchanting can be observed not only in the metropolises such as Paris, Rome, London or Warsaw, but also in Vilnius at the beginning of the 19th century. The author of the article presents the local Rococo culture on the basis of three examples: the periodical Tygodnik Wileński (1804), selected book publications from the early 1820s, and the activities of youth societies (Philomaths, Filarets, and ‘promieniści’ [‘Radiants’]).

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Word Formation Patterns of Place Nouns in English and Lithuanian: A Case Study of a Novel by M. Katiliškis “Miškais ateina ruduo” and Its Translation into English

Author(s): Danguolė Straižytė,Justė Ganusauskaitė / Language(s): English Issue: 19/2024

The research aim of this paper is to compare and to analyze word formation properties of place nouns (hereinafter – NL) extracted from the Lithuanian novel “Miškais ateina ruduo” by M. Katiliškis, and their respective equivalents found in the English translation of the book. Although this noun category is productive and often used in everyday discourse, little research has been done to define the word formation properties of NL in Lithuanian and English languages with a special focus on a base word and its derivational capacities. Both Lithuanian and English languages have productive word formation processes such as suffixation, prefixation and compounding, although they vary significantly. The aim of this study is to find out similarities and differences in word formation processes between these two target languages and to compare word formation patterns of NL extracted from the Lithuanian text and their equivalents found in the English translation of the novel.

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Lietuvių ir latvių literatūros vertimai į italų kalbą 2019–2023 metais

Author(s): Adriano Cerri / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 17/2024

The article presents an overview of translations from Lithuanian and Latvian into Italian during the last five years (2019–2023). It aims to update previous data on Baltic literatures in Italy and to examine their current status. Additionally, it seeks to identify the main differences between the reception of Lithuanian and Latvian literature in Italy and to assess recent developments and emerging trends in this field. Translations of Lithuanian and Latvian works into Italian published during the analysed period are first reviewed by genre: prose, children’s literature, poetry, essays, and scientific literature. Information about upcoming translations known to the author is also provided. Statistical data are presented and compared with data from earlier periods. The analysis reveals a significant recent increase in translations of children’s and young people’s literature. However, the period 2019–2023 has also seen the publication of notable novels and short story collections from both languages, as well as poetry anthologies and important scholarly works originally written in Lithuanian. The statistics indicate that the past five years have been as productive as the preceding five-year period. Given the very small number of translators working with these languages, this is a positive achievement. Another encouraging trend is that Baltic literatures are beginning to attract the attention of larger publishing houses, which can provide better visibility for these works.

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