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The treatise analyses the results of computer processing the data taken from the personnel books of the Ljubljana tobacco factory listing 4423 workers employed there between 1871 and 1914. The data allow an analysis of the qualification structure of the workers, job mobility, fluctuation and the causes for it as well as the geographical origin of the workers with regard to their birthplace.
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The paper investigates the living and working conditions of textile workers in the city of Štip (Macedonia). The textile industry was highly developed during socialist times, but underwent a process of decline after the Yugoslav break-up. While it still represents a relevant economic sector for post-socialist Macedonia, the textile industry is highly dependent on outsourced orders from Western Europe. Local workers’ living and labour conditions, therefore, are affected by the global ‘race to the bottom’ for production costs that is typical of the garment industry. On the basis of a series of interviews conducted in Skopje and Štip with workers and factory owners, the article argues that contemporary working conditions in the Macedonian textile industry are characterised by poor labour rights,gender discrimination and widespread precarity. In contrast to the current circumstances, working and living conditions during socialist times are positively remembered by workers, who claim that their social status and living standards have deteriorated in the course of the last twenty years.This narrative of precarity is also partially shared by local entrepreneurs,who emphasise the global and local obstacles that hinder the developmentof the textile industry in Macedonia.
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Review of: Adnan Jahić, Muslimansko žensko pitanje u Bosni i Hercegovini (1908 – 1950),, Bošnjačka nacionalna zajednica za Grad Zagreb i Zagrebačku županiju, Naučnoistraživački institut „Ibn Sina“, Sarajevo, Gradski ured za obrazovanje, kulturu i sport Grada Zagreba, Zagreb, 2017, 552.
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In the article titled “Homogenization of values in magazines for girls” the way of creating the world of values in selected magazines for girls is discussed. The cognitive and moral values were mainly analyzed. We argue that the explication of values is fuzzy and unified. The analysis of the texts contained in the journals shows that consumerism is the supreme value in them. Upbringing of consumers focused on gathering impressions related to possession and appearance is the main aim of popular magazines for girls.
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Although the question of women’s vocational development in Galicia has been studied from many scholarly perspectives, it was rarely a subject of separate studies. In the presented article the author deals with main trends in women’s vocational development and with features that characterized the process of women’s gaining the labor market in the years 1880–1910. On the basis of the results of Austrian censuses published in both main all-Austrian and provincial periodicals, it was possible to state that women’s vocational development was of a traditional character. Little participation in that phenomenon belonged to the non-agricultural sector. In comparison to other Polish regions as well as to those of Austrian crown lands Galicia appears to have been very poor and unfavorable. (Trans.: Antoni Sarkady)
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The paper deals with the issue of Spinoza’s Political treatise referring especially to his understanding of political rights of citizens. This includes clarification of the meaning of the term citizen, in relation to the categories of people he considers non-citizens or derived citizens. The authoress focuses on feminist positioning of this problem in Spinoza’s philosophy, and attempts to develop a feminist interpretation through intersection of concepts such as gender, class and race. This implies a different epistemological and methodological approach to this issue and its extension to the groups of people that Spinoza denies citizenship status – therefore the feminist analysis includes the analysis of status of women, slaves and servants who work as slaves for a living. It will be explained that Spinoza’s views are the result of his concept of natural law as a power or force, as well as his apprehension of political substance regarding the factual situation and experience. Throughout the analysis of the historical situation in Netherlands at that time, which was among other things marked by the slave trade from Africa, the authoress tries to clarify the last paragraph of the Political treatise.
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Bazar to address the question: How are the media construction of female gender roles discursively constructed within specific societal circumstances in Serbian/Yugoslav society in three different historical moments (in 1970s, 1980s, 1990s)? How do these hegemonic constructs differ among themselves? Do they correspond with everyday reality and in which way? The major finding of this paper is the existence of three ideal type of hegemonic female gender role models represented in women’s magazine Bazar in three different historical periods (1970s, 1980s, 1990s). These three ideal type models are: (a) the 1970s model of “super-woman”, (b) the 1980s model of “frustrated super-woman” and (c) the 1990s model of “escapist woman”. All of them testify how popular women’s magazine follows the policy of its publishing house, and official ideological political discourse, through the media construction of hegemonic female gender role.
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The analysis of attitudes and value orientations of high school students comes as the result of research based on data collected during April-June 2011 in six towns in Serbia. The main objective of this research was to detect the dominant attitudes and value orientations of high school students on a scale of traditionalism, homophobia, anti-Romism, ethnic stereotypes and attitudes toward abortion. The research was conducted in the following cities: Belgrade, Krusevac, Novi Sad, Zrenjanin, Nis and Novi Pazar. The results showed that high school students in Serbia in regards to their beliefs do not differ much from the general social climate in which they grew up and were educated in. Traditional respondents are represented at the level of 33.9%; 27.9% of them are moderately traditional and 25% of them are non-traditional. On the one side there are extremely radical position of high school students especially in relation to Roma and LGBT people
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Želim zabilježiti djelić usmene kulture bosanskih žena u govoru u kojem sam odgajana. Generacijski jaz koji danas osjećamo, a koji se otvara između kulture u kojoj žene pripovijedaju ostrašćeno, dramatično, panično i ritualno – i kulture u kojoj je ženski govor (osim u umjetnosti) lišen frustracije iz koje proizilazi drama – otvoren je zahvaljujući pravednijoj podjeli resursa u odnosu na rod. [...]
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Udruga za ljudska prava i građansku participaciju PaRiter neprofitna je organizacija osnovana 2014. godine, nastala prvenstveno kao reakcija na relativno pasivno okruženje u kojem se nedovoljno govori o ljudskim i ženskim pravima, te socijalnim, kulturnim i ekonomskim pravima pojedinaca i pojedinki. Želja nam je aktivno djelovati u lokalnoj zajednici i utjecati na stvaranje aktivnog građanstva kao preduvjeta za razvoj demokratskog društva. Kroz neformalno obrazovanje, istraživanje i aktivizam promičemo ljudska i ženska prava, rodnu ravnopravnost, kulturu nenasilja, prava manjina i toleranciju.
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Aim. The paper attempts to explore the impact ofrivate tutoring in light of the equity-related concerns especially in the context of the Indian society. Private tutoring is a phenomenon that has been an intrinsic part of the Indian education system since the 1980s. Methods. The paper is an outcome of the Masters of Philosophy dissertation work of the scholar submitted to National University of Education Planning and Administration, Delhi, India. Results. The structure of private tutoring is such that it mimics the regular school curriculum and modifies itself to match the needs of the school and the children. Any changes in the regular school curriculum bring a change in its supplement as well. It thus behaves like a shadow of the regular schools. Though private tutoring was believed to enhance learning opportunities of weak students, it has now become a 'parity of prestige' issue. Conclusion. The expansion of tutoring has begun to deepen the inequalities already prevalent in the stratified schooling system and society at large.
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Previous practice and professional experience in dealing with cases of domestic violence were rather unilateral; assistance was directed towards women-victims of violence, while perpetrators of violence were punished and violence was repeated. A “new” approach has made a serious change in understanding the problems and ways of providing assistance, not only to the victim, but also to the perpetrator of violence. The purpose of this paper is to explore the possibilities of treatment of abusers, the capacities, preparedness and training of experts for such a demanding work. As work with perpetrators of violence is one of the most complex professional tasks, the primary aim of this research is to examine the challenges and problems they are facing, as well as their attitudes about the effects of psychosocial treatment. The paper considers the theoretical analysis of violent behaviour, examining major micro-macro causes, such as personality, psychopathology, family and social causes as risk factors of violent behaviour. For the purpose of comparison, experiences of other countries in the psychosocial treatment of abusers, as well as professional achievements and treatment success, are provided. The research was conducted with experts-psychologists and social workers in social work and mental health centres in the Sarajevo Canton, directly working on the problem of domestic violence, especially in the psychosocial treatment of perpetrators of violence. Semi-structured interviews and questionnaires created for this research were the methods used. Results of the research identified several problems in the psychosocial treatment of the perpetrators: a small number of perpetrators who were imposed a compulsory psychosocial treatment, insufficient training of professionals and a lack of cooperation among institutions.
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The paper aims to analyze Neil Jordan’s famous movie Breakfast on Pluto in the context of affective “narrative identity.” Breakfast on Pluto is an adaptation of Patrick McCabe’s diary and presents the story of a man who wants to be a woman – he feels like a woman and gradually transforms into one. Patrick/Patricia is thus a transsexual (not only transgender) person who tells the story of a bodily metamorphosis. The author of the paper finds the process of storytelling extremely interesting for a number of reasons. In the paper, the author focuses especially on the process of creating a new identity for the protagonist through the movie’s narration in reference to the categories of “subjective narration” (Edward Branigan) and narrative identity, that is the creation of an identity in the process of telling one’s own story. The author shows how the tools of the movie can shape the process of storytelling (by using special frames, montage, etc.) and how three stories are incorporated in Jordan’s movie: the male and the female story as well as, finally, the subversive self-creation when Patrick/Patricia becomes one whole, one processual identity (in the context of Judith Butler’s assumption about gender). In the paper, the diegesis of the movie will also be analyzed: a number of objects – attributes of masculinity and femininity and the quasi-parodic character of the movie space and the process of storytelling. Parody in Breakfast on Pluto emphasizes the subversive and surfictional structure of the self-story in the movie. The author treats Breakfast on Pluto as a movie version of Entwicklungsroman – the process of narrativization of an identity in transition, of fictionalizing the real life of the protagonist. Therefore, the author also refers to J. M. Coetzee’s assumptions about confession, which is always an important part of self-narration.
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Iz ptičije perspektive povlašteno svjedočimo - zahvaljujući briljantnoj žanr-groteski Nives Kavurić Kurtović, naslovljenoj s razlogom k’o zemlja teškim Entropija na jastučnici bračnog kreveta - o prednostima, zamkama i klopkama, pa i traumama i tragikomičnostima žalosnog patrijarhalnog saveza, supružničko-partnerskog. Ili bilo kojoj vezi izrasloj na tom tvrdom i čvrstom načelu, uz neupitan tradiciji odan vjerski blagoslov. Jedno od dvoje, sa svetim zavjetom ili laičkom dragovoljnošću, svejedno, može da muči ozbiljna apneja, dakle, nepopustljivo hrkanje, dok drugo pak, istodobno može izgarati pod silovitim naletima i pritiskom nekonzumirane kamasutre. I time kontaminirane ljubavnike čini nalik nesnošljivim karikaturama, a pred nas stavlja svojevrsni print protraćenih života. U taj uveli list zamatamo svoje rezerviranosti i dvojbe spram istina saopćenih umjetnički suvereno. [...]
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Prva filozofkinja Hypathia i njena tragična smrt još uvijek je slabo poznata, kao i to da u minojsko doba upravljanje ostrvom Kreta predstavlja egalitarno društvo u kojem su žene ravnopravne s muškarcima. Na tim nasadima socijalnog nasljeđa, između ostalog, ekofeministički pokret, osnovan tokom radikalnih i turbulentnih društvenih promjena u ranim osamdesetim godinama proteklog stoljeća, a uslijed razornih posljedica ratova, skupa s globalnim ekološkim pokretima i pokretima za manjinska prava, udružio je snage kako bi subverzivno stvorili značajne pretpostavke suzbijanja teorija zasnovanih na patrijarhalnoj matrici. Tako je autorica i ekološka pragmatistkinja, glavna sociologinja Jane Addams, dobitnica Nobelove nagrade, koja je stekla doktorsku diplomu na Univerzitetu Yale i organizovala projekat Hull House za istraživanje ponašanja imigranata, utjecala na ekofeministički pragmatizam Charlotte P. Gilman i Caroline Bartlett Crane, a ovakva pozicija kasnije se pronalazi i u radovima poznatih neoekofeminista/tkinja i sociologa/inja, jer je neophodno da se sprovede dekonstrukcija i demistifikacija patrijarhalnih pristupa društvu i obrazovanju, kako bi se formirala savremena sociološka teorija koja uključuje autorice i njihova ostvarenja. [...]
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The author tries to show how today man becomes more and more aware not only of the endangerment of man’s environment but of the endangerment of man’s innate sexual nature, as well. Man, created in the image of God as male and female (cf. Gen 1:26-27), is called not only to act responsibly towards the created reality God has given him, but also towards the image of God that is mirrored in him, equally in man and woman. In the same way that through history man hasn’t been responsibly governing the created world, of which he is a guardian and not a master, in a similar way today, with the help of gender ideology, he wants to dominate over the sexual nature that was gifted to him. With the article the author seeks to warn, in accordance with Christian-biblical-theological anthropology, about the fundamental defects of gender ideology which through theoretical technicism penetrates the very essence of man’s sexual nature, thus directly affecting the ecology of human nature and the ecology of family.
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The review of: Marijo VOLAREVIĆ; Žena u obitelji, društvu i Crkvi. Feminizam, rodna ideologija i crkveni nauk –– Glas Koncila, Zagreb, 2018., 252 str.
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For a long time it has been thought that violence against women was a private affair of each individual. Influenced by many human rights movements, intellectuals, scientists, the notion has ripened that violence against women can not be a private matter of the individual and that it must be reacted to. In the 1980s the issue of violence against women and domestic violence began to gain in its importance, primarily through adoption of international conventions at an international level. By ratifying the Convention, our country too assumed an obligation to adhere to it. However, the awareness in our society of violence against women is still at a very low level. All levels of government and the media do not address this issue adequately. Problem of violence against women in our area have long been pointed at by non-governmental organizations which have significantly contributed to the adoption of the Law on Protection from Domestic Violence, Family Law and the Law on Gender Equality in BiH and a variety of the strategies and plans. We can say that the area of protecting women from domestic violence has gone into completely opposite extreme. Contrary to strictly "private" things victims now have the deafening noise of various institutions, organizations and individuals, but this noise lacks action. Conventions, laws, strategies, declarations, plans, programs, newspaper clippings, all the vio-lence and in all places, and we are still witnessing increasing violence against women. If we want to provide protection for the victims, we must start creating conditions for the prevention of any form of violence against women. A lot of resources are invested in the identification of domestic violence, but this does not prevent violence. And after all measures being taken, including placement in a safe house, the victim eventually returnes to the abuser. So, the only real protection is prevention. The legislature should in the future consider other ways to protect women. If we are to look for solutions in comparative law, a good examples can be found in Austrian and Slovenian law. However, we should not have such legal arrangements directly applied in Bosnia and Herzegovina, but should only use them as a starting point for future legislation concerned with the protection of victims of violence. The police, prosecution, social work, scientific community should act in a coordinated intensive treatment to protect women from violence. We believe that lawyers, legal community and public should pay more attention to the issue of violence against women. This complex subject has been explored extensively by sociologists, psychologistsl and economists, while it legal aspect remained quite neglected.
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Usvajanjem novog Zakona o zaštiti od nasilja u porodici Federacije BiH 2013. godine unaprijeđeni su zakonski okviri za sistemsku borbu protiv nasilja u porodici i nasilja nad ženama. Član 35. Zakona predviđa da Federacija BiH i kantoni finansiraju sigurne kuće i to u razmjeru 70% Federacija – 30% kantoni. Zakon predviđa i jasnu obavezu da se usvoje podzakonski akti kojima će se jasno urediti osnivanje, rad i finansiranje sigurnih kuća, kao i standardi koji moraju biti ispunjeni da bi jedna sigurna kuća bila akreditirana i mogla dobiti podršku. Nažalost, u protekle tri godine ova obaveza nikada nije ispunjena, nego je rad šest postojećih sigurnih kuća prepušten samoregulaciji. Postojeće sigurne kuće su samostalno izradile studiju i procjenu godišnjih troškova jedne sigurne kuće. Procijenjeno je da rad i programi jedne sigurne kuće sa kapacitetom od 25 mjesta koštaju min. 240.000 KM godišnje. [...]
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Osobe ženskog spola su često izložene ozbiljnim oblicima nasilja, pogotovo verbalnom, fizičkom, psihičkom, seksualnom nasilju, silovanju i sl. Ovi i brojni drugi oblici nasilja nad ženama predstavljaju ozbiljno kršenje ljudskih prava žena i glavnu prepreku ostvarivanju jednakosti između žena i muškaraca. Statistike pokazuju da je svaka treća žena u svijetu žrtva nasilja, ali i da su počinioci tog nasilja najčešće njihovi sadašnji ili bivši partneri. Situacija nije mnogo drugačija ni u Bosni i Hercegovini, u kojoj se nasilje nad ženama i nasilje u porodici godinama smatralo privatnim problemom, a mnogi_e ga takvim smatraju i danas. 52,8% žena starijih od 15 godina u Bosni i Hercegovini iskusilo je neki vid nasilja. Studija o rasprostranjenosti i karakteristikama nasilja nad ženama u BiH, koja je nastala na osnovu istraživanja s uzorkom od 3.300 domaćinstava u BiH tokom 2013. godine, ukazuje na to da je svaka četvrta žena bila žrtva nasilja, a da je svaka deseta doživjela nasilje u posljednjih godinu dana (u 2013. godini). [...]
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