"Ultima soluţie" în loc de unica soluţie

Author(s): Anca Jugaru / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 06/1999

Along the centuries the failure of a couple to have children was the woman's. In reality now most of the causes of sterility and infertility are known, they are thought to belong equally to both partners of the couple. For a woman the life without children is often an empty one. Having children is her biological right, which sometimes can be only a dream... The separation of reproduction and sexuality is one of the most spectacular performances of medicine and biology.

"UNPACKING" THE EDUCATIONAL PACKAGES: ANTI-GENDER DISCOURSES IN SERBIA

Author(s): Slobodanka Dekić / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2020

The focus of the analysis are the negative discourses created in 2017 in the Serbian public sphere that referred to educational packages on sex education and prevention of sexual violence against children. The aim of the paper is to analyse the way in which these discourses relate to the “anti-gender” discourse led in Europe during the past two decades, and what are their specificities in the local context. The main argument of the paper is that the episode of “educational packages” can be understood as the first significant manifestation of “anti-gender” politics in Serbia.

"Všichni tím volantem nakonec musí točit stejně": gender, věk a tělesnost v práci řidičů veřejné dopravy

Author(s): Radka Dudová / Language(s): Czech Issue: 1/2021

The article explores the meanings of gender, embodiment, and ageing in the work of public transport drivers. This profession is been strongly masculinised: men outnumber women and driving has traditionally been understood as men's work. The article asks the following questions: how have the working conditions in this profession changed and what does this mean for the people who perform it and for their interpretations of the work? What does the process of prolonging working lives on one side and technological development on the other bring to this profession? This is a case study of a 'man's job' in the situation where the working population is ageing and technological changes are occurring. The text is based on a qualitative study of drivers of buses, trolleybuses, and trams who are over the age of 50, and it is accompanied by interviews with HR managers and trade union representatives. It contributes to our understanding of the 'embodiment' of work: it shows how specific gendered bodies with their differences are invisible or are regarded as obstacles at work. The embodied workers compare and adapt themselves to the abstract idea of the universal worker, which in reality corresponds to nothing.

"Woman - keeper of custom" and "Man - Executor of Law". Re-interpreting stereotypes of gender roles

Author(s): Ilo Shano,Aleksandra Piluri / Language(s): English Issue: 1-2-3/2002

"Žena od Batha i njena priča"

Author(s): Mary S. Bache / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 28/2018

"Žena od Batha" predstavlja osobe podređene autoritetu, autoritetu religijskih tekstova i njihovih mizoginističkih kodova. Iako "Žena od Batha" ostvaruje materijalnu dobit, moglo bi se ustvrditi da ne zadobija autoritet sve dok ne dobije priliku javno se izraziti tokom hodočašća, ne riskirajući odmazdu. Kad zauzme pozornicu, drugi hodočasnici postaju njena publika, uzimajući u obzir njen glas, ono šta ona priča, ali kako komentira njhove priče. "Priča Žene od Batha", kao i većina ostalih, sastoji se iz dva dijela, proslova i same priče. Takva struktura odražava Chaucerovu ideju simetrije kakvu je već pokazao u Troilu i Kresidi. U Proslovu "Žena od Batha" samu sebe portretira kao žrtvu patrijarhalnog svijeta, a kako se pokušava nametnuti prozivaju je ‘pokvarenom ženom’. Međutim, u "Priči" ona predstavlja situaciju u kojoj autoritet preuzima žena, a glas razuma zamijeni arogantnu nametljivost. Pomoću takvoga kontrasta, možemo shvatiti vrijednosti i kodove vladajućeg ponašanja u datom društvu. [...]

"Ženski sport nije pravi sport": negativni stereotipi prema sportašicama i doživljaj rodne neravnopravnosti u rukometu u Hrvatskoj

Author(s): Zrinka Greblo,Višnja Ljubičić,Lidija Bojić-Ćaćić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 1/2021

The main aim of the study was to determine how often young handball players encountered negative stereotypes towards sportswomen. In addition, we examined whether young sportswomen who were differentially exposed to those stereotypes differed in their perception of gender inequality regarding training conditions and sporting achievement appraisal of boys and girls in their sports clubs. The study involved 522 handball players (289 boys and 233 girls) whose ages ranged from 14 to 17 years (M = 14.75; SD = 0.96). The results showed that 94.5 % of boys and 95.6 % of girls who participated in the study have heard negative stereotypes towards sportswomen and/or the sports in which they participate. Young sportswomen were more often exposed to the attitudes according to which sports activities are not suitable for girls (U = 28188,00, p <0,05) as well as to the attitudes implying that women’s sports are not attractive (U = 28111.00, p <0.05). Furthermore, girls who were more often exposed to negative stereotypes towards sportswomen more frequently reported that boys and girls in their club trained in unequal conditions (U = 3551,000, p <0.001) and that their sports achievements were not valued equally (U = 3353,500, p <0,001). The obtained results indicate the need to undertake measures to combat the negative stereotypes towards sportswomen and enable equal training conditions and equal sports achievements evaluation for boys and girls who participate in sports.

"Živanine cipele": patrijarhat, mizoginija, i nacionalizam u romanu Knjiga o Milutinu Danka Popovića

Author(s): Jasmina Radojičić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 19/2015

Through the lens of feminist critique and theory of literature, this paper will attempt to critically analyze the narrative strategies in the novel The Book about Milutin by Danko Popović which are directly related to the valorization of patriarchal values. By analyzing the way in which gender is presented from the perspective of the book’s two narrators, Milutin Ostojić and his wife Živana, this paper will try to show the relationship between the stereotypical depiction of the female identity in the novel and its importance in creating the desirable type of society. This analysis will then be linked with the remarkable success that the novel received after its publication and the fact that it is still perceived as one of the most important Serbian anti-war novels of the late 20th century. This work will have as its aim to highlight the importance of the revival and new examination of those strands in Serbian literary tradition that in practice actively and openly promoted the ideals of patriarchal society.

"ZOVITE IH PO OČEVIMA NJIHOVIM": MUŠKA STERILNOST I NOVE REPRODUKTIVNE TEHNOLOGIJE U SVETLU ISLAMA

Author(s): Marko Pišev / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/2012

Generally speaking, many patrilineal and patrilocal communities highly appreciate male fertility. In islamic societies Qur'an dogma givs strict preference to patrilinearity over matrilinearity, and ascribes primary importance to the biological fatherhood. The reader of Qur'an will, in the Surat Al-Ahzab, come across the verse "Name your adopted sons after their fathers, that is more just with Allah", while one of the experts on Arabic literature emphasizes the fact that male characters in many stories stand out through their fatherhood, especially the one expressed in relation to their sons. In such social context – shaped mainly by the absolute authority of faith – reproductive "incompetence" of an individual is reflected through specific biological "defect" which primarily stigmatizes male population. Thus, women are those who most often take over "the guilt" of infertility. Discussing some elements of islamic bioethics this paper shall focus on the issues whether and how new reproductive technologies are being used for treatment of male sterility in these societies, as well as whether it is – by their practical use – possible to decrease tensions that emanate from the conflict of male reproductive "unfulfillment" and traditional notions of the purity of the descent (nasab).

"Подмината от историята": Юлия Свечникова-Белковска и проблемът за маргиналността на жените в изкуството

Author(s): Milena Georgieva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2003

In terms of gender studies and the history of women in art the author reproduces the biography of the entirely forgotten Russian artist Yulia Svechnikova-Belkovska (1874 - 1960) who came to Bulgaria with her husband Asen Belkovsky, her fellow-student from the Art School in Kazan, Russia, who was later to become a prominent artist. The article presents a thorough study of her life in Russia, Munich and Paris (1905 - 1906) until she finally settled down in Bulgaria (1907), as well as her life in the latter. Her life is closely related to her husband’s except for the academic schools attended by him only. Her artistic style is quite close to his, too: they share the same parallel development and eventually establish the style to be later named “Belkovsky". It contributes to the portrait and landscape painting, plenary sessions included, as well as the use of some impressionistic methods and a new modern approach to the sketch. The better use of the style, however, ​would be rather made by Asen Belkovsky as the more active and obliged one in a man’s world; Yulia Svechnikova would always remain in his shade. Still underdeveloped, the Bulgarian art marks the appearance of other women of artistic training; they were also married to Bulgarian artists, yet, in general, they didn’t aim at promotion and career in sacrifice to their husband's personal progress in a native environment. These women’s abandon of the ego and the neglect of talent could be characterized as the syndrome of the “echo-wife”, i.e., to deliberately mute one’s creativity and fully adopt the creative approach of the paragon as a man, husband and teacher, no matter of the equal good start of them both. This attitude isolates women and puts them in a marginal position at the beginning of XX century when women’s active creativity struggled for the recognition of not “essentially feminine art” only but rather to gain emancipation through the professional attributes of women’s art.

"Свои(?) в големия дом". За (не-)решените проблеми на домовете "Майка и дете" в социалистическа България

Author(s): Anelia Kasabova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2011

On the basis of archive documents from Sofia orphanages called .Mother and Child Homes. I followed the development of the policy to the children deprived of parents care in socialist Bulgaria. The institutional problems were considered in wider social context and revealed tendencies to eugenic policy in treating the difference.

#Hashtag: How Selected Texts of Popular Culture Engaged With Sexual Assault In the Context of the Me Too Movement in 2019

Author(s): Anna Oleszczuk / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2020

The paper seeks to explore recent shifts within the popular culture with regard to oppression involving gender, class, race, and ethnicity that can be traced back to the #MeToo movement which was revived as a social media hashtag in October 2017 and has since spread all over the world. The paper starts with a brief overview of Western popular culture that “has recently been seen as a champion for feminism . . . with many high-profile female musicians and actresses visibly promoting the movement in their work” (Woodacre 2018, 21). Next, the paper discusses the origins of the Me Too Movement and the way it approaches the meaning of gendered oppressions as well as individualized and collective experiences of survivors of sexual abuse. This is later explored in the examination of the impact of the hashtag-led movement on three works of popular culture: Amazon’s TV series Lorena (2019), Nancy Schwartzman’s documentary Roll Red Roll (2019), and We Believe: the Best Men Can Be (2019) advertisement by Gillette. The entire case study is informed primarily by feminist theory understood as inseparable from feminist activism, following bell hooks’ Feminist theory from margin to center (1984).

#tropy#feminizm

Author(s): Agata Szuba / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1 (25)/2018

The contemporary media message can be perceived in two perspectives: an active one, in which women perform a role of journalists and editors, and a passive perspective, in which they become a part of media message. The latter aspect is the most controversial for many reasons. Walter Lippmann defines a stereotype as an image created in the mind which allows a subordination of a certain fragment of reality a priori. The media’s visible, negative influence on women has them create a reality beyond the boundaries of acceptance, presenting it in a way the audience expects. A new kind of feminism appears, i.e. one which answers the receiver’s needs (succumbing to the expectations and exposing to the view), and a question appears – whether in the time of the feminist legacy, thereby changes resulting from the development of the media, feminists should gain their own unique style? In a way this begins to happen. Due to the development of the media, women gained an unrestricted possibility to express their views, and the reception and availability of the media lifts the restrictions and causes an inconspicuous person to please and sweep the crowd and his or her voice to be impossible to be ignored in the discourse.

(Ne)spravedlnost v péči o děti mladší tří let

Author(s): Kristina Kalitová / Language(s): Czech Issue: 2/2021

This article presents an analysis of the current (in)justice in childcare for children under three years of age in the Czech Republic by examining shifts in family and social policy after 1989. The paper compares three ways of redressing injustice: redistribution, recognition, and political representation in terms of domains of social injustice. Through the prism of Nancy Fraser’s three-dimensional theory, the article analyses forms of redress in the economic, cultural, and political spheres. This approach aims to reveal the complexity of inequalities in childcare for children under three years of age and highlight the positive and negative aspects of family and social policy in the Czech Republic. The second goal of the paper is to establish a path towards amending the legislation that could change the legislation on family care in the Czech Republic based on a revision of values and the ideological and normative framework within which childcare for children under the age of three is understood in the Czech Republic.

(Nie)mobilność, zamieszkiwanie oraz płeć w praktykach i dyskursach rozwodu w wiejskiej społeczności. Etnografia rolniczej gminy wschodniego Mazowsza

Author(s): Sylwia Urbańska / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2021

In this article, I analyze the relationship between the gendered practices and discourses of divorce in rural communities and the (im)mobility paths of rural women. I show that the “pioneers of divorce”, that is, women from the agricultural, conservative communities who were the first to divorce in the local social world, developed alternative strategies for staying in the countryside. They did not want to run away, leave, or emigrate permanently to the city or abroad, that is, use the typical path of becoming an ex-wife. I describe the coping patterns they developed after 1989 in order to still be able to live in the village. I explain the subversions of ownership and inheritance, their relationship to traditional patterns of femininity and masculinity. I focus on the gendered patterns of (im)mobility in this case as strategies for choosing the countryside as a place to live. I present my conclusions in the case study of Mirka, a mother with many children, who loses her home after divorce, which means that she must develop coping patterns. I show Mirka’s practices against the background of other variants of practices and moral discourses around divorce in the commune of eastern Mazovia, which I have studied since 2017.

18+. Knjiga o nešto drugačijim muškarcima

Author(s): Jozo Blažević,Feđa Bobić,Saša Gavrić,Jasmina Čaušević / Language(s): Bosnian

Kada smo 2010. godine krenuli da radimo za i sa lezbejkama, gejevima, biseksualnim i trans* osobama, suočili smo se vrlo brzo sa činjenicom da su život i svakodnevnica ovih grupa u potpunosti nevidljivi u Bosni i Hercegovini. Kroz rad sa zajednicom mnogo puta smo se uvjerili da su gej, biseksualni i trans* muškarci diskriminirani na razne načine u heteronormativnom društvu. Sa druge strane, i u okviru same LGBT zajednice, određene grupe muškaraca se suočavaju sa predrasudama. Biseksualnost se često smatra nepostojanom i prelaznom fazom ka homoseksualnosti, a o transrodnosti, transeksualnosti i transvestiji se ponekad govori kroz podsmjeh i prezir i u okviru LGBT zajednice. Gej, biseksualni i trans* muškarci su najčešće u BiH vidljivi samo u kontekstu nasilja i diskriminacije. Sarajevski otvoreni centar želi da učini vidljivim specifičnosti svake od ovih grupa muškaraca, da ih na taj način osnaži i pruži im prostor da ispričaju svoje priče o identitetima, različitosti, neprihvatanju ili prihvatanju, priče o svojim unutrašnjim svjetovima, maštanjima, žudnji, strahovima, stidu, strasti, slobodi, oprezu, hrabrosti i, konačno, coming outu. Upravo zbog toga je nastala i ova knjiga. 18+. Knjiga o nešto drugačijim muškarcima predstavlja nastavak našeg nastojanja da dokumentujemo, prikažemo, i što široj javnosti približimo LGBT svakodnevnicu. Objavljivanjem knjige Više od etikete. O ženama koje vole žene početkom 2013. predstavili smo „žensku“ perspektivu, dok je ova knjiga njen „muški“ pandan. Knjiga se sastoji iz četiti dijela. U prvom dijelu Mladen Lakić daje pregled 15 intervjua, koje su Jozo Blažević, Feđa Bobić i Jasmina Čaušević vodili sa parovima i pojedincima. Gej, biseksualni i trans* muškarci govore o svojoj seksualnosti, vezama i mnogim drugim aspektima nešto drugačije muške svakodnevnice. Nakon toga, u integralnoj formi predstavljamo intervju sa Mirnesom Kubatom Vanillom. Uvjerite se i sami zašto je ova priča jedinstvena. U trećem poglavlju donosimo lične coming out priče, dok nam u četvrtom dijelu Ivan Šunjić pruža prostorno-vremenski analitičko-teorijski pogled na seksualnost, identitete i proces kakav je coming out. Umjetnički radovi nešto drugačijih muškaraca – fotografije, slike i grafike, na vizuelan način upotpunjuju knjigu pričajući svoje priče. Takođe, u knjizi se nalaze i dokumentarističke fotografije slovenske fotografkinje Tanje Ristić, i na ovom mjestu joj se najtoplije zahvaljujemo što nam je ustupila svoj rad na korištenje. Kao inicijator ovog projekta, želim da se srdačno zahvalim svojim ko-priređivačima i priređivačici: Jozi, Feđi i Jasmini bez kojih ovaj projekt možda nikada ne bi bio realizovan. Zahvalnost dugujem i Mladenu na autorskoj obradi i uobličavanju obilnog i inspirativnog materijala koji su intervjui obezbijedili, te Ivanu na smještanju knjige u savremene teorijske okvire kroz svoj pogovor. Hvala i Dini na lekturi, te Feđi, još jednom, na prelomu i dizajnu knjige. I za kraj, želimo se zahvaliti i Fondaciji Planet Romeo koja je podržala nastanak ove knjige, te Ambasadi Norveške u BiH koja je finansirala štampu.

19. YÜZYILIN SONLARI 20. YÜZYILIN BAŞLARINDA (1880-1930) TÜRKİSTAN SÜRELİ YAYINLARI VE KADIN KONUSUNA YAKLAŞIMLARI

Author(s): Yasemin IŞIK,Kübra Koç / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 74/2022

Turkistan Turks, who started to wake up with the “Cedidcilik (Principles-of Jadid/Jadidism)” movement that emerged in Western Turkestan, took advantage of the libertarian atmosphere that emerged after the declaration of the Constitutional Monarchy in 1905 in Tsarist Russia and accelerated their publishing activities even more. The libertarian and egalitarian atmosphere promised by the Bolsheviks blowing in the region with the 1917 Bolshevik Revolution lasted only until 1922; This situation is also reflected in social and cultural life. While these were happening in West Turkestan, East Turkestan was exposed to the attacks of the Chinese on the one hand and the Bolshevik Russians on the other. Some of the Turkestan intellectuals, who could not stand all these pressures, preferred to emigrate and published various newspapers and magazines in the countries they migrated to tell the whole world about the Turkestan cause. Intellectuals who preferred to stay in Turkestan despite all the difficulties experienced did not stay idle and expressed their views through newspapers and magazines by transforming their reactions to the pressures into intellectual movements. In these periodicals, the subjects are usually political; discussions on different issues such as social life, women, women’s rights were also discussed.

1995-2015 - Women and Political Life in Post-Dayton Bosnia and Herzegovina

Author(s): / Language(s): English

(English edition) While working on improving our program and portfolio on women’s human rights we quickly realized the absence of a detailed and visible account of “women’s” history in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Although there are a significant number of publications and several activist initiatives that address certain fragments of history and explore events, periods of time, and regions, there is currently no exhaustive institutional account of women in Bosnia, nor are attempts being made to create one. The academic community has unfortunately failed in this area. The history of women and their contribution to public life remains at the margins of academic inquiry. The Sarajevo Open Centre published the book Women Documented: Women and Public Life in Bosnia and Herzegovina in the 20th Century. The book was edited by Jasmina Čaušević, a program coordinator at the Sarajevo Open Centre, in cooperation with ten authors. Through publishing this book, the Sarajevo Open Centre and our partner organizations wanted to celebrate the centenary of the First World War in a different way. It was precisely the work on Women Documented that revealed to us the need for further work exploring women’s history in Bosnia and Herzegovina. We hope that our (virtual) museum of women’s history in Bosnia will eventually be institutionalized in Bosnian society. In November and December 2015, we will commemorate the 20-year anniversary of the Dayton Peace Accords – the international agreement that brought peace to Bosnia and Herzegovina and laid the foundations for the long and grueling process of peace-making and trust-building. The Dayton Peace Process was, as this book will demonstrate, a classic example of male politics. The commemoration will, again, be dominated by men – Bosnian and Herzegovinian and world leaders. We decided to conduct this research and publish this book to challenge the male-dominated approach to memory. This publication aims to offer systematic insight into the role played by women in political life. Our goal is to offer a better understanding and a concise overview of political life over the past 20 years, based on the stories of a number of women - activists, politicians and institutional leaders - with the hope that it will inspire other authors to explore BiH political history during this period of time. Since this aspect of history is particularly under-researched, the very process of gathering information was challenging and so we welcome constructive criticism, comments, and suggestions for improvement and enrichment of this text. I would like to thank Marina, Arijana and Edita, who accepted to work with the Sarajevo Open Centre on this project. I would also like to thank my colleague Maida Zagorac, who has helped me immensely with her excellent oversight of both the technical and the substantive aspects of this text. I also owe thanks to the Embassy of Swiss Confederation in Bosnia and Herzegovina for supporting our work and the research of women’s history in Bosnia and Herzegovinian.

1995-2015: Žene i politički život u postdejtonskoj Bosni i Hercegovini

Author(s): / Language(s): Bosnian

Gradeći i razvijajući program i organizacijski portfelj za ženska ljudska prava, brzo smo uvidjeli_e nedostatak intenzivnijeg i vidljivog tematizovanja ”ženske” istorije u Bosni i Hercegovini. Iako postoji veliki broj publikacija i nekoliko aktivističkih inicijativa koje obrađuju određene fragmente, pojave, periode ili regije, ne postoji institucionalizirano pamćenje niti se ono podstiče. Akademska zajednica je, nažalost, zakazala kada govorimo o ovoj temi. Istorija žena i njihov doprinos i dalje ostaju na marginama akademskog života.

30 let Gender Studies – odkud jsme vyšli a kam míříme

Author(s): Helena Skálová / Language(s): Czech Issue: 2/2021

Nezisková organizace Gender Studies slaví neuvěřitelných 30 let fungování. Je to příležitost k ohlédnutí a zamyšlení nad tím, co se v průběhu tak dlouhé doby v české společnosti z hlediska genderové perspektivy změnilo, neboť nemalá část impulsů a návrhů vztahujících se k postavení žen a mužů vzešla z tohoto „hnízda“.

7. Sınıf İngilizce Ders Kitaplarında Cinsiyet Kavramı

Author(s): Hatice Çubukçu,Pınar Sivaslıgil / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 137/2007

This study aims to investigate ELT textbooks from the perspective of gender ideology underlying the representations of female and male figures, considering that coursebooks play an important role in children’s development of ‘gender’. The 7th grade English coursebook published by the Turkish Ministry of Education has been selected as the object of investigation, mainly because they are used by a large population at state schools. Both verbal and non verbal features of the textbooks have been analyzed through the content analysis, and discourse analysis has been applied to the verbal components to depict any possible power assymmetries reflected through language between two genders.