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Hermann Bahr, južni Slaveni, austrijska politika i književnost kao pitanje

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Hermann Bahr, južni Slaveni, austrijska politika i književnost kao pitanje

Author(s): Ivan Pederin / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 44/2016

The Austrian author Hermann Bahr, who is considered the head of the Austrian Moderne a leading personality of this group he tried to create some points of orientation in the new mouvement in literature. First he created an idea of that what he defi ned Naturalismus. For Naturalismus he understood most of the literature up to his time. He did not write a systematic analysis of Naturalismus, he condemned it making exception to a handful of great authors of past times. Moderne was a literature free of any anegdotes or commenting style, which is a landmark of Naturalismus. Literature is not a narration but a Form . Bahr wrote a book on Goethe. That is not his biography (the Germanistik has abundant notice of his life) but a view on Goethe in the eyes of his acquiantances and friends. Goethe wasnot a voluble man sometime talkative and sometime not. And fi nally Goethe was not a happy person. This Goethe-picture could be ranged to Baudelaires poetemaudit. It is a perfect non-academic pamphlet. And fi nally Bahr wrote on the political situation of the Empire and its Kingdoms of his time. He wrote that being the small man of the street who had not insigt in the activities of the goverment because Austria-Hungary still was an absolutist Monarchy.

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The individual and his limits. Discourses of border and ethnicity in two interwar völkisch novels

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The individual and his limits. Discourses of border and ethnicity in two interwar völkisch novels

Author(s): Gergely Romsics / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2010

This paper attempts to explore the identity politics component of two völkisch novels from the 1920s that grapple with the question of the identity of Germans from the old Austrian empire. The two authors, Bruno Brehm and Emil Lucka, were popular prose writers of the interwar period who partook of the general questioning, criticism and rethinking of the 19th century ideologies that occurred after the Great War. Their work – from the vantage point of the history of ideologies – may be interpreted as embedded in the language game of the German conservative revolution, especially in the currents that emphasized the permanent and essential characteristics associated with belonging to an ethnic group and the ethical consequences for individuals of this belonging. For this reason, this paper first briefly introduces post-1918 German völkisch ideology and proceeds to interpret the identity politics of the novels by making use of the key concepts of this strand of “young conservative” [jungkonservativ] thought. The key concept for interpreting the ambiguous experience of “being Austrian”, i.e., belonging to the greater community of Germans, yet having had to suffer through centuries of living in a separate state became that of the borderland [Grenzland], a complex notion that dialectically united the experiences of heroically struggling to “remain German,” while being threatened with loss of ethnic character through exposure to cosmopolitanism or assimilation. By showing how the discourse of Grenzland structures the narratives, the paper seeks to provide a reminder that the discourses of identity in early 20th century Austria were more complex than is often remembered: alongside late modernity, as represented and reflected by authors like Robert Musil and Elias Canetti, a different, more popular and more political trend also existed, which narrated the break-up of the Dual Monarchy and its aftermath in the context of the threatened existence of the Germans of the borderland.

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EIGENKULTUR – FREMDKULTUR

Author(s): Pál Deréky / Language(s): German Issue: 1/2003

Im Jahre 1909 brachen der Wiener Aktivist Rober Müller (1887–1924) und der Budapester Aktivist Lajos Kassák (1887–1967) zu einer jeweils exotischen Reise auf: Müller bereiste die Vereinigten Staaten, Mexiko, sowie einige Länder Mittelund Südamerikas, Kassák pilgerte nach Paris; er brauchte für seinen Fußmarsch etwa drei Monate. Es war nicht der Geist der Moderne oder der Avantgarde, die er dort suchte – „ich sah Paris und ich sah nichts“, schrieb er später –, es ging ihm, wie auch Müller im Urwald, um die eigene Wiedergeburt als „neuer Mensch“, als Literat mit großer Öffentlichkeitswirkung. Die Berichte beider Ich-Reisen wurden in Wien verlegt, Müllers erschien 1915, Kassáks 1922 (dt. 1923). Müller und Kassák lebten 1920–1924 in derselben Stadt und hatten sicher Kenntis über die Arbeit des jeweils anderen. Dass sie einander nie auch nur mit einem Wort erwähnt haben, liegt daran, dass (vereinfacht gesagt) Kassáks Konzeption der Massenwirksamkeit eine linke war, während die von Müller eher aus Begriffen der rechten Ideologien bestand.

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Wirklichkeitskonstruktion durch Metaphern bei Ingeborg Bachmann

Author(s): Andrea Mikulášová,Roman Mikuláš / Language(s): German Issue: 3/2018

In the self-description (in letters or in dream notes, and in the novel Malina and two novel fragments from the project “Todesarten”) it is observed how those elements of reality that literally embody or specifically indicate a problem are metaphorically conceptualized – inthis case, the traumatic experience from relationships (Bachmann explicitly speaks of insults)and Bachmann’s resulting psychic injury. Accordingly, the development of metaphors in the self-descriptions or self-portrayals of the author and her female protagonists is also examined.The development of the metaphors in the projection and introspection of letters and dream notes and in the selected texts of the project “Todesarten” indicates a system of states of one’sown that have an effect on the cognitive system, or to which the author is repeatedly thrown back (according to Georg Groddeck). In this sense, a self-therapeutic effect cannot be denied.Subsequently, a metaphorical structure should be recognizable, which lays in the shape of a network over the texts to be examined.

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Znaczące ciało Gerti – szkic o Pożądaniu Elfriede Jelinek

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Znaczące ciało Gerti – szkic o Pożądaniu Elfriede Jelinek

Author(s): Karol Gromek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2017

Gromek reads Elfriede Jelinek’s novel Lust through Julia Kristeva’s reflections on discourses of love and on the ways in which emotions are revealed and become fixed in language. Gromek’s focus is on the formation of the author, the novel’s protagonist and the researcher – three instances that work to enable the inscription of personal and bodily experience in the literary text. Literary connections help define the subjects’ dependence networks, in which each one can assume a dominant or submissive position. One essential aspect is the discovery of principles according to which semiotic elements upset the symbolic order. Gromek points out such moments in Lust, treating the body as an intellectual and interpretative category.

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DAS PATRIARCHAT ALS ORT MÄNNLICHER MACHT IN DEN ERZÄHLUNGEN VON MARIE VON EBNER-ESCHENBACH

Author(s): Eldi Grubišić Pulišelić / Language(s): German Issue: 18/1/2017

In a patriarchal society, a woman is an object subordinated to the power of men, without any rights and without significance as an individual. Marie von Ebner-Eschenbach shows various forms of patriarchy as a space of male power in her three short stories “Die Totenwacht”, “Mašlans Frau” and “Das tägliche Leben”. The female figures come from different social backgrounds: Anna from “Die Totenwacht” comes from a poor family and is subjected not only to male dominance, but above all to its tyranny and becomes a victim of rape. For the man, the status of the woman is reduced to possession and he believes that his crime can be corrected by marriage. The heroine is morally superior to him and she refuses his marriage proposal. Evi, a rich peasant daughter from “Mašlans Frau” rebels against double mourning and is determined not to forgive the violation of female dignity.

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DIE POETISCHE DARSTELLUNG DER MACHT IM WERK DAS LAND ZWISCHEN DEN KATARAKTEN DES NIL VON ANTON PROKESCH VON OSTEN

Author(s): Martina Lučić / Language(s): German Issue: 18/1/2017

The main subject of this article is the poetic portrayal of „Power” in the travelogue Das Land zwischen den Katarakten des Nil (in English: The Land Between the Cataracts of the Nile) by Anton Prokesch von Osten. Prokesch von Osten was an Austrian diplomat and travel writer in the 19th century. There are many reasons why this travelogue today should be considered an important and interesting literary work. Firstly, the travelogue Das Land zwischen den Katarakten des Nil is rich in detailed descriptions and historical, imagological, ethnographical and geographical information about the land to which Prokesch von Osten traveled in 1827 and that he described in his travelogue. Secondly, Anton Prokesch von Osten was a diplomat and a general, who had a very successful military and diplomatic career in Europe and in the Levant.

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VERRÄTER IN DEN EIGENEN REIHEN: DIE DARSTELLUNG DER SERBISCHEN GESELLSCHAFT IN BEITRÄGEN ZUR HANDKE-KONTROVERSE 1996 IN SERBISCHEN PRINTMEDIEN

Author(s): Paul Gruber / Language(s): German Issue: 18/1/2017

Peter Handke’s text on Serbia A Journey to the Rivers: Justice for Serbia provoked a fierce controversy. While the debate in Western Europe and foremost in Germany is mostly part of scientific research on Handke’s text, its reception in the countries of former Yugoslavia has hardly made a subject of discussion. This circumstance is remarkable especially since the text itself explicitly addresses also the audience in this area. Therefore, this article wants to give a short overview on the Coverage of the Handke-Controversy in Serbian Print-Media in 1996 and shed light on the presentation of the Serbian society specifically. The question that is to be answered is, to what extend Serbian nationalist ideology, which dominated political discourse in Serbia at that time, played a role in the articles. To contextualize the analysis, at the beginning of the article Handke’s view on literature is discussed as well as his text “A Journey to the Rivers.” Presenting the results of the analysis the first two categories, that is “The description of Peter Handke” and “The description of the controversy in western media”, is given synthetically.

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Edgar Alan Po i teorija kratke priče

Author(s): Saša Simović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 9/2014

The concept of effect elaborated in his poetry, Edgar Allan Poe applied to the short story. In his well-known review of Hawthorne’s Twice-Told Tales (1842), Poe claims that apart from a poem the demands of a genius are best fulfi lled in the short story requiring from a half hour to one or two hours to be read in order to obtain the unity of effect and make it functional. According to Poe, in a well written story, each element has to fit into a previously conceived plan to contribute to the overall effect of the whole. This paper deals with fundamental postulates of Poe’s short story theory.

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The Swedish Academy and Peter Handke. Justice for whom?

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The Swedish Academy and Peter Handke. Justice for whom?

Author(s): Joanna Hosa / Language(s): English Issue: 01+02 (40)/2020

Austrian writer Peter Handke was awarded the 2019 Nobel Prize for Literature. The award renewed a debate surrounding this author – his ardent support for Serbia and Slobodan Milošević, who was the Serbian leader in the mid-1990s – and puts the integrity of the Swedish Academy into question.

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Zur metaphorisch-diskursiven Wirklichkeit in Josef Haslingers Roman „Opernball“

Author(s): Andrea Mikulášová,Roman Mikuláš / Language(s): German Issue: 2/2020

Among linguistic devices, metaphors influence our thinking and acting in a crucial way. They determine what we see and what we hide from our perception area. We primarily perceive and communicate what we have schemes for (concepts and models), but there is a wide range of perceptions that can only be adequately communicated through metaphors. On the basis of crime novels, we deal with these certain areas, which are occupied by comparisons and analogies of all kinds, focusing on contents and aspects that are increasingly taken into account in this genre. We investigate the question of how key aspects of crime fiction, i.e. aspects that are associated with phenomena of crime, as well as aspects of social criticism are metaphorically conceptualized in the crime novel. Metaphors related to the phenomena of crime (e.g. social environment, psychological dispositions, historical contexts) are also taken into account. Opernball (1995; Opera Ball) is a media-critical political thriller with a multi-perspective narrative structure and a socio-critical crime novel by Austrian novelist Josef Haslinger, which draws a socio-political picture of Austria from the mid-1990s. Based on the analysis of the metaphor in Haslinger’s novel, we have located, interpreted, and evaluated numerous metaphors in the following major areas: media, culture, politics, church/religion, individual, and community/society.

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МАЛЫЯ І МІНІМАЛЬНЫЯ ЛІРЫЧНЫЯ ФОРМЫ У БЕЛАРУСКАЙ І ЗАМЕЖНАЙ ЛІТАРАТУРАХ: ГІСТОРЫКА-КУЛЬТУРНАЯ ПЕРСПЕКТЫВА

Author(s): Lûdmila Sadko / Language(s): Belarusian Issue: 11/2019

The author of the article discusses the stages in creating aesthetics and poetics in small and miniature lyric forms in Belarusian and foreign literature from antiquity to modern times. On the basis of literature of various periods the author analyzes such forms as “vacuum poetry”, texts with the reduction of formally significant components, texts with one word/sign repeated once or several times, udeterone, or single-liner, monopoem.

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Kulturorientierte Betrachtungen des Familienbildes in der österreichischen Prosa der Gegenwart

Author(s): Monika Wójcik-Bednarz / Language(s): German Issue: 29/2020

The article concerns the monograph by Joanna Ławnikowska-Koper Literarisierung der Familie im österreichischen Roman der Gegenwart, which presents (from a cultural-research perspective) the literary image of families as the topos of contemporary Austrian literature. The conceptual and narrative strategies that dominate the family’s literarisation in the examined texts cover four semantic areas: the issue of identity, the issue of modernisation, axiological issues – the system of values and everyday life. The texts allow for an interdisciplinary reflection on the literary family, while the historical and literary background is important to consideration of the specific Austrian cultural code in the context of the distinctiveness of Austrian literature.

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REVIEW OF MAN’S SEARCH FOR MEANING, BY VIKTOR E. FRANKL, TRANSLATED INTO ROMANIAN BY SILVIAN GURANDA, BUCHAREST, METEOR PRESS, 2009.

Author(s): Ionela Ganea / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2019

This article aims at presenting the way in which a doctor, who is at the same time a prisoner in Dachau and Auschwitz camps, manages to resist during three years of physical and mental torture in these camps and in the end to survive. From his experience in the camp, he discovered the way to escape from the horrors of everyday life, that is by psychically detaching from everything that was connected to pain. Being a specialist in psychiatry, the author analysed the behaviour of his colleagues and discovered that only by cultivating forms of art and by developing one’s sense of humor, one could cope with the injustice and cruel treatment from the camp. In the end, these tools of psychical detachment proved to be the only ways in which the prisoner could hope of survival. Therefore, there are many examples in which one can learn from the prisoners in the camp that by laughing or by trying to see the best in every circumstance, even in the worst ones, one can overcome any hardships.

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Corona ve Paul Celan Ya da Aşk ve Pandemi

Author(s): Funda Kızıl Emer / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 103/2020

The year 2020 has already taken place in history pages as a year of pandemic in which the coronavirus outbreak has taken millions of lives all over the world. This year also coincides with the 50th anniversary of the death of Paul Celan (1920-1970), one of the well-known poets of the post-war Austrian lyric. Interestingly, Celan named his poem Corona, which he wrote seventy-two years ago. The year 1948 corresponds to three years after the end of the Second World War in world history. In Celan’s personal history these years coincide with tough times, when he emigrated to Czernowitz, Bucharest and then Vienna after surviving the Nazi death camp where his parents were sacrificed. The friendships that Celan built here with the writers around the literature in Vienna, especially meeting the Austrian poet Ingeborg Bachmann (1926-1973), constitute a turning point in his life. Two great poets experience passionate love. This poem of Celan carries traces of this stormy love in 1948. The main purpose of this study is to analyze this poem and also to investigate whether there is a relationship between Corona and Celan’s poem with the same title, which is known as the name of the pandemic virus that has killed millions of people today. In this way, it is aimed to draw attention to both the poetry of the master poet, who entered the 50th year of his death in 2020, and the epidemic of the Corona virus that threatened all humanity. In this study, an eclectic method including “close reading”, historical positivist, biographical critism and hermeneutic methods has been used.

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Zu den Archaismen in Adam Pomorskis Übersetzungen der Neuen Gedichte von Rainer Maria Rilke

Author(s): Adam Gorlikowski / Language(s): German Issue: 4/2020

The subject of the article are archaisms that occur in Adam Pomorski’s translations of both parts of “New Poems” by Rainer Maria Rilke. The definition of archaism assumed in this paper encompasses the definitions of archaisms found in the monolingual Polish dictionaries edited by Stanisław Dubisz, Mirosław Bańko and Witold Doroszewski. The research conducted aims at determining the degree of the archaic nature of the words under discussion and their functions in the translations. Before the functions of the archaisms were analyzed, it was investigated if there are some obsolete words or archaic language phenomena in the “New Poems”. The majority of the archaisms identified in the translations can be classified as lexical ones; some grammatical archaisms have been found as well. By using archaisms, Pomorski stylizes the translations and creates rhymes. First of all, these obsolete words and phrases sometimes induce the readers to use dictionaries of Polish.

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Gender as a mediation between world literature and national literature

Author(s): Fatima Festić / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2023

This article approaches the discussion on world and national literature from an interactive gender angle, pointing to a hybrid multi-scaling of their components. It probes Anna Akhmatova’s and Ingeborg Bachmann’s gender and language performance within two (re)imperializing post-World War I/II structures, the socialist Bolshevik and nationalist Austrian ones, and how these two writers rewrite these structures from within, from the positions of forced immobility and high mobility. It is the way gender evolves and mutates in their work that navigates the national and world aspects of their production as well as their individual cogency in performing what can be read as national and/or world literature.

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Hermann Nitsch and The Orgies Mysteries Theater: an atypical form of mediation between cultures and ages

Author(s): Nicola Viviani / Language(s): Italian Issue: 2/2024

This essay analyzes the themes in Hermann Nitsch's artwork in relation to mediation and transformation of conflicts. It examines elements of rituals, ancient Greek mythology, tragedies, literature, and vase painting, and compares these to Nitsch's action photographs. The purpose of this comparison is to explore the extent to which Nitsch may serve as a mediator between different cultures and eras. Additionally, it argues that violence, in specific contexts such as Greek tragedies and Nitsch's actions, can represent a path toward catharsis. Overall, this essay aims to provide a fresh perspective on Nitsch's philosophy, broadening its interpretations and addressing gaps in scholarship that might hinder a full understanding of his artwork.

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„Wir müssen zu einem Moritz gehen und uns aussprechen können.“ Thomas Bernhards Novelle Ja.

Author(s): Kathleen Thorpe / Language(s): German Issue: 20/2023

The present essay explores the course of the first- person narrator in Thomas Bernhard’s Novelle Ja in coming to terms with his terminal illness and the therapeutic roles allocated to the figures of Moritz, the real estate agent who allows him to reconnect with reality and the „Perserin“, the Persian woman, an anima-projection who enables him to cope emotionally with his situation. The strong biographical underpinning of the work lends a special poignancy to the work, although Bernhard’s adherence to his customary game plan results in a triumph over death, albeit temporary for the narrator.

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Ein geselliger Misanthrop: das Verlangen nach Räumen des Zusammenlebens im Werk THOMAS BERNHARDS

Author(s): Natalia Villamizar / Language(s): German Issue: 2/2025

This article argues that the concept of coexistence plays a central role in the works of the Austrian writer THOMAS BERNHARD, thus refuting the widespread notion that his literature is characterized by negativity and misanthropy. The article is based on some postulates of THEODOR W. ADORNO’S Aesthetic Theory, which elucidate the negative component in Bernhard‘s literature. This interpretation is also related to KLAUS P. HANSEN’S collective theory. Thus, the role of art and literature in redesigning spaces of coexistence is emphasized.

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