EIGENKULTUR – FREMDKULTUR

Author(s): Pál Deréky / Language(s): German Issue: 1/2003

Im Jahre 1909 brachen der Wiener Aktivist Rober Müller (1887–1924) und der Budapester Aktivist Lajos Kassák (1887–1967) zu einer jeweils exotischen Reise auf: Müller bereiste die Vereinigten Staaten, Mexiko, sowie einige Länder Mittelund Südamerikas, Kassák pilgerte nach Paris; er brauchte für seinen Fußmarsch etwa drei Monate. Es war nicht der Geist der Moderne oder der Avantgarde, die er dort suchte – „ich sah Paris und ich sah nichts“, schrieb er später –, es ging ihm, wie auch Müller im Urwald, um die eigene Wiedergeburt als „neuer Mensch“, als Literat mit großer Öffentlichkeitswirkung. Die Berichte beider Ich-Reisen wurden in Wien verlegt, Müllers erschien 1915, Kassáks 1922 (dt. 1923). Müller und Kassák lebten 1920–1924 in derselben Stadt und hatten sicher Kenntis über die Arbeit des jeweils anderen. Dass sie einander nie auch nur mit einem Wort erwähnt haben, liegt daran, dass (vereinfacht gesagt) Kassáks Konzeption der Massenwirksamkeit eine linke war, während die von Müller eher aus Begriffen der rechten Ideologien bestand.

Znaczące ciało Gerti – szkic o Pożądaniu Elfriede Jelinek

Author(s): Karol Gromek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2017

Gromek reads Elfriede Jelinek’s novel Lust through Julia Kristeva’s reflections on discourses of love and on the ways in which emotions are revealed and become fixed in language. Gromek’s focus is on the formation of the author, the novel’s protagonist and the researcher – three instances that work to enable the inscription of personal and bodily experience in the literary text. Literary connections help define the subjects’ dependence networks, in which each one can assume a dominant or submissive position. One essential aspect is the discovery of principles according to which semiotic elements upset the symbolic order. Gromek points out such moments in Lust, treating the body as an intellectual and interpretative category.

DAS PATRIARCHAT ALS ORT MÄNNLICHER MACHT IN DEN ERZÄHLUNGEN VON MARIE VON EBNER-ESCHENBACH

Author(s): Eldi Grubišić Pulišelić / Language(s): German Issue: 18/1/2017

In a patriarchal society, a woman is an object subordinated to the power of men, without any rights and without significance as an individual. Marie von Ebner-Eschenbach shows various forms of patriarchy as a space of male power in her three short stories “Die Totenwacht”, “Mašlans Frau” and “Das tägliche Leben”. The female figures come from different social backgrounds: Anna from “Die Totenwacht” comes from a poor family and is subjected not only to male dominance, but above all to its tyranny and becomes a victim of rape. For the man, the status of the woman is reduced to possession and he believes that his crime can be corrected by marriage. The heroine is morally superior to him and she refuses his marriage proposal. Evi, a rich peasant daughter from “Mašlans Frau” rebels against double mourning and is determined not to forgive the violation of female dignity.

DIE POETISCHE DARSTELLUNG DER MACHT IM WERK DAS LAND ZWISCHEN DEN KATARAKTEN DES NIL VON ANTON PROKESCH VON OSTEN

Author(s): Martina Lučić / Language(s): German Issue: 18/1/2017

The main subject of this article is the poetic portrayal of „Power” in the travelogue Das Land zwischen den Katarakten des Nil (in English: The Land Between the Cataracts of the Nile) by Anton Prokesch von Osten. Prokesch von Osten was an Austrian diplomat and travel writer in the 19th century. There are many reasons why this travelogue today should be considered an important and interesting literary work. Firstly, the travelogue Das Land zwischen den Katarakten des Nil is rich in detailed descriptions and historical, imagological, ethnographical and geographical information about the land to which Prokesch von Osten traveled in 1827 and that he described in his travelogue. Secondly, Anton Prokesch von Osten was a diplomat and a general, who had a very successful military and diplomatic career in Europe and in the Levant.

VERRÄTER IN DEN EIGENEN REIHEN: DIE DARSTELLUNG DER SERBISCHEN GESELLSCHAFT IN BEITRÄGEN ZUR HANDKE-KONTROVERSE 1996 IN SERBISCHEN PRINTMEDIEN

Author(s): Paul Gruber / Language(s): German Issue: 18/1/2017

Peter Handke’s text on Serbia A Journey to the Rivers: Justice for Serbia provoked a fierce controversy. While the debate in Western Europe and foremost in Germany is mostly part of scientific research on Handke’s text, its reception in the countries of former Yugoslavia has hardly made a subject of discussion. This circumstance is remarkable especially since the text itself explicitly addresses also the audience in this area. Therefore, this article wants to give a short overview on the Coverage of the Handke-Controversy in Serbian Print-Media in 1996 and shed light on the presentation of the Serbian society specifically. The question that is to be answered is, to what extend Serbian nationalist ideology, which dominated political discourse in Serbia at that time, played a role in the articles. To contextualize the analysis, at the beginning of the article Handke’s view on literature is discussed as well as his text “A Journey to the Rivers.” Presenting the results of the analysis the first two categories, that is “The description of Peter Handke” and “The description of the controversy in western media”, is given synthetically.

Edgar Alan Po i teorija kratke priče

Author(s): Saša Simović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 9/2014

The concept of effect elaborated in his poetry, Edgar Allan Poe applied to the short story. In his well-known review of Hawthorne’s Twice-Told Tales (1842), Poe claims that apart from a poem the demands of a genius are best fulfi lled in the short story requiring from a half hour to one or two hours to be read in order to obtain the unity of effect and make it functional. According to Poe, in a well written story, each element has to fit into a previously conceived plan to contribute to the overall effect of the whole. This paper deals with fundamental postulates of Poe’s short story theory.

The Swedish Academy and Peter Handke. Justice for whom?

Author(s): Joanna Hosa / Language(s): English Issue: 01+02 (40)/2020

Austrian writer Peter Handke was awarded the 2019 Nobel Prize for Literature. The award renewed a debate surrounding this author – his ardent support for Serbia and Slobodan Milošević, who was the Serbian leader in the mid-1990s – and puts the integrity of the Swedish Academy into question.

МАЛЫЯ І МІНІМАЛЬНЫЯ ЛІРЫЧНЫЯ ФОРМЫ У БЕЛАРУСКАЙ І ЗАМЕЖНАЙ ЛІТАРАТУРАХ: ГІСТОРЫКА-КУЛЬТУРНАЯ ПЕРСПЕКТЫВА

Author(s): Lûdmila Sadko / Language(s): Belarussian Issue: 11/2019

The author of the article discusses the stages in creating aesthetics and poetics in small and miniature lyric forms in Belarusian and foreign literature from antiquity to modern times. On the basis of literature of various periods the author analyzes such forms as “vacuum poetry”, texts with the reduction of formally significant components, texts with one word/sign repeated once or several times, udeterone, or single-liner, monopoem.

Kulturorientierte Betrachtungen des Familienbildes in der österreichischen Prosa der Gegenwart

Author(s): Monika Wójcik-Bednarz / Language(s): German Issue: 29/2020

The article concerns the monograph by Joanna Ławnikowska-Koper Literarisierung der Familie im österreichischen Roman der Gegenwart, which presents (from a cultural-research perspective) the literary image of families as the topos of contemporary Austrian literature. The conceptual and narrative strategies that dominate the family’s literarisation in the examined texts cover four semantic areas: the issue of identity, the issue of modernisation, axiological issues – the system of values and everyday life. The texts allow for an interdisciplinary reflection on the literary family, while the historical and literary background is important to consideration of the specific Austrian cultural code in the context of the distinctiveness of Austrian literature.

Corona ve Paul Celan Ya da Aşk ve Pandemi

Author(s): Funda Kızıl Emer / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 103/2020

The year 2020 has already taken place in history pages as a year of pandemic in which the coronavirus outbreak has taken millions of lives all over the world. This year also coincides with the 50th anniversary of the death of Paul Celan (1920-1970), one of the well-known poets of the post-war Austrian lyric. Interestingly, Celan named his poem Corona, which he wrote seventy-two years ago. The year 1948 corresponds to three years after the end of the Second World War in world history. In Celan’s personal history these years coincide with tough times, when he emigrated to Czernowitz, Bucharest and then Vienna after surviving the Nazi death camp where his parents were sacrificed. The friendships that Celan built here with the writers around the literature in Vienna, especially meeting the Austrian poet Ingeborg Bachmann (1926-1973), constitute a turning point in his life. Two great poets experience passionate love. This poem of Celan carries traces of this stormy love in 1948. The main purpose of this study is to analyze this poem and also to investigate whether there is a relationship between Corona and Celan’s poem with the same title, which is known as the name of the pandemic virus that has killed millions of people today. In this way, it is aimed to draw attention to both the poetry of the master poet, who entered the 50th year of his death in 2020, and the epidemic of the Corona virus that threatened all humanity. In this study, an eclectic method including “close reading”, historical positivist, biographical critism and hermeneutic methods has been used.

Zu den Archaismen in Adam Pomorskis Übersetzungen der Neuen Gedichte von Rainer Maria Rilke

Author(s): Adam Gorlikowski / Language(s): German Issue: 4/2020

The subject of the article are archaisms that occur in Adam Pomorski’s translations of both parts of “New Poems” by Rainer Maria Rilke. The definition of archaism assumed in this paper encompasses the definitions of archaisms found in the monolingual Polish dictionaries edited by Stanisław Dubisz, Mirosław Bańko and Witold Doroszewski. The research conducted aims at determining the degree of the archaic nature of the words under discussion and their functions in the translations. Before the functions of the archaisms were analyzed, it was investigated if there are some obsolete words or archaic language phenomena in the “New Poems”. The majority of the archaisms identified in the translations can be classified as lexical ones; some grammatical archaisms have been found as well. By using archaisms, Pomorski stylizes the translations and creates rhymes. First of all, these obsolete words and phrases sometimes induce the readers to use dictionaries of Polish.

ТРАНСГУМАНІСТИЧНА МІФОЛОГЕМА У РОМАНІ Г. МАЙРІНКА «ГОЛЕМ»: ВІД АЛХІМІЇ ДО ПСИХОАНАЛІЗУ

Author(s): Lyudmila Sergeevna Gotz / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 4/2020

The purpose of this article is to investigate and explicate transhumanistic cultural messages found in G. Mairink's novel "The Golem" (1914). The methodology of research within the framework of Cultural Studies consists of the use of structural-functional plot analysis, semiotic and hermeneutic analysis, axiological, and archetypal analysis (analytical psychology of C. G. Jung). The scientific novelty of this paper lies in the fact that within the framework of the humanities, in particular cultural studies, for the first time the analysis of the "Golem" novel is carried out in the context of the transhumanist paradigm. Also offered are the author's definitions of the concepts of "transhumanism" and "transhumanistic act". Conclusions. G. Meyrink‘s esoteric transhumanism insists on the need to overcome the "golemic", that is, the "incompleteness", the original imperfection of man, and reach self deification.

Peter Waterhouses literarische Verhandlungen der Flucht und Asylsuche: Die Auswandernden (2016)

Author(s): Katarzyna Jaśtal / Language(s): German Issue: 3/2021

The article focuses on the prose experiment Die Auswandernden by the Austrian writer Peter Waterhouse and the illustrator Nanne Meyer in 2016. The book falls in the category of literary texts reflecting refugee and asylum-seeker experiences that have appeared on the German book market since 2012. The paper aims to describe the literary strategies Waterhouse uses to represent the refugee condition. It explores the author’s implicit programmatic statements, the construction of the female protagonist as a refugee and asylum seeking figure and Waterhouse’s reflections on language, especially the language of Austrian judiciary system.

Rilkeovo tumačenje postojanja. Interpretacija Devinskih elegija

Author(s): Romano Guardini / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 01+06/2021

Devinske elegije stavljaju interpretatora pred nimalo lak zadatak. U njima se izražavaju iskustva i misli možda najizdiferenciranijeg njemačkog pjesnika s kraja novog vijeka. Rainer Maria Rilke kasan je čovjek. Intelektualno i duhovno on znade mnogo. Njegov život odvija se u mnogostrukim napetostima i križanjima, pozadinama i podlogama. Roman »Zapisi Maltea Lauridsa Briggea« sigurno nećemo shvatiti kao prikaz samog sebe; ali koliko je ta knjiga važna za razumijevanje osobnosti svog autora pokazuju izjave poput pisma »jednoj mladoj djevojci« ili, pak, Rilkeove napomene u razgovoru s francuskim prevoditeljem. U svakom slučaju, čitatelj će steći pojam o Rilkeovu duševnom svijetu, koji je veoma isprepleten i svako malo dodiruje ugrozu.

Tumačenje postojanja kod Rainera Marije Rilkea. O knjizi Romana Guardinija (1955.)

Author(s): Hans-Georg Gadamer / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 01+06/2021

Nije potrebno posebno obrazlagati da Rilkeovo pjesništvo nije samo predmet znanosti o književnosti, nego onima koji žive danas predstavlja istinsko filozofski predmet, to jest povod za razmišljanje o sebi i sučeljavanje s pjesnikovim tumačenjem svijeta. Dovoljan dokaz za to bit će pogled na nepreglednu literaturu o Rilkeu. Jer, ono što govori iz tih bezbrojnih knjiga nije više puki estetsko– literarni interes. Tu izuzetak nije ni knjiga Romana Guardinija. Utoliko je njezin zahtjev da Rilkea prvi put uzima ozbiljno korak u prazno. Ona, međutim, po smislu za pjesništvo i umjetnosti izlaganja nadmašuje većinu drugih knjiga. Ali nije to razlog da zavređuje posebno filozofsko razmatranje. Ona poseban rang zauzima po tome što njezino uzimanje Rilkea ozbiljno ne pretpostavlja prešutnu identifikaciju interpretatorova mišljenja s onim pjesnikovim, već, naprotiv, svjestan kritički odmak.

Rilkeova oporuka. Nihilizam kao Unheimlichkeit. Zapisi uz Devinske elegije

Author(s): Žarko Paić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 01+06/2021

Ima li poetski jezik smisao u doba znanstveno–tehničkoga nabačaja bitka i vremena? Nitko na to pitanje nije vjerodostojnije odgovorio od »posljednjeg pjesnika« s kojim se usahla moć modernosti uzdigla do znaka veličajne otmjenosti svijeta u rasapu. Već u prvoj od deset Devinskih elegija Rainer Maria Rilke pogađa u bit onoga što na metafizički neprovidan način spaja ljepotu i užas. Sjetimo se, dakle, pjeva s kojim otpočinje refleksivna analiza onoga što još nazivamo vremenom u značenju duhovnoga bitka kao sveze/odnosa čovjeka i njemu podobnoga svijeta. Rilke pritom ne uzima figuru anđela tek iz simboličke predaje kršćanstva. Mnogo je važnije nešto drugo. Naime, anđeo je ovdje posrednik između razdvojenih svjetova, onostranoga i ovostranoga. Ujedno je i navjestitelj budućega vremena i nositelj skrivenih značenja svjetovnosti svijeta.

Između jave i sna

Narcisoidni san u pripovijetci Vrt spoznaje Leopolda von Andriana

Author(s): Irma Duraković / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 1/2021

The Story Der Garten der Erkenntnis (1895) by the Austrian author Leopold von Andrian is colored by a dreamlike atmosphere and, as such, points to the importance of the dream phenomenon among Viennese modernists even before Freud’s revolutionary study Die Traumdeutung (1900) served as a template for literary dreams. Erwin, the protagonist, although travelling through cities, does not embark on life and opposes sleep; his perception of the outside word is “narcissistic”. Erwin is in search of knowledge of the world; however, his view on his path to cognition becomes increasingly subjective, resulting in an encounter with his doppelganger. And his struggle with the doppelganger does not take place in his dream, but in his dreamlike reality. In this paper, the question arises as to what the dreamlike reality is, why does Erwin flee to it and what consequences are left on on him and the perception of the world around him.

Krankheitsbilder im Roman Schornstein von Jan Faktor und Terminifera von Michael Stavarič

Author(s): Renata Cornejo / Language(s): German Issue: 2/2021

Der Beitrag beschäftigt sich mit den Entwürfen von Krankheitsbildern in den Prosawerken Schornstein (2006) von Jan Faktor und Terminifera (2007) von Michael Stavarič und befragt die Texte im Hinblick auf die Exklusionsmechanismen, die sich an der Marginalisierung und zunehmenden ‚Pathologisierung‘ beider Hauptfiguren beteiligen. Im Vordergrund steht dabei die Frage, wie sich die Wahrnehmung der Hauptfiguren durch die Außenwelt auf deren Selbstwahrnehmung und Handeln auswirkt. Nicht zuletzt wird überlegt, inwiefern die hier entworfenen Krankheitsbilder als eine Parabel bzw. ein Abbild der ‚Krankheiten‘ unserer heutigen Welt gelesen werden können.

Die Symbiose von Mensch und Tier in Marlen Haushofers Roman "Die Wand". Tiere als Ersatzfamilie

Author(s): Beate Petra Kory / Language(s): German Issue: 22/2022

Marlen Haushofers Roman "Die Wand" (1963) rückt seit dem Beginn der Corona-Pandemie verstärkt in den Blickpunkt der Aufmerksamkeit, da im Zentrum des Textes eine Protagonistin steht, die plötzlich durch eine über Nacht aufgetauchte Wand von dem Rest der Welt getrennt wird und daher sich selbst überlassen nach Wegen des Überlebens suchen muss. Um in der vollkommenen Isolation nicht den Verstand zu verlieren, stürzt sie sich in die Arbeit, widmet sich ihrem gebliebenen Hund Luchs sowie den anderen ihr zugelaufenen Tieren, einer Kuh und einer Katze und bewahrt sich durch das Setzen von Kartoffeln und Bohnen vor dem Verhungern. Schließlich, als ihr nach zweieinhalb Jahren auch der Hund Luchs und ein männliches Kalb genommen werden, entschließt sie sich wieder am Tiefpunkt ihrer Existenz angelangt, einen Bericht über das Erlebte zu verfassen. Vorliegender Beitrag setzt sich zum Ziel, einen Blick auf die Tierfamilie der Protagonistin zu werfen. Dabei soll nicht nur ihre Beziehung zu den Tieren sowie deren Funktion für ihr Überleben beleuchtet, sondern gleichzeitig sowohl auf die Veränderungen der Tiere durch den engen Kontakt mit ihr als auch umgekehrt auf ihre eigene Verwandlung durch die Sorge um ihre Tierfamilie eingegangen werden sowie auf Verhalten in der Tierwelt, welche der Protagonistin das Überleben sichern könnten. Desgleichen soll die Kommunikation mit den Tieren beleuchtet werden.