La Poetica Di Guiseppe Schiro

Author(s): Klara Kodra / Language(s): Italian Issue: 01/2002

In his poetry, ideas are expressed about the liberation of the homeland of origin, and at the same time social and existential problems are illuminated by an ideology full of contrasts ranging from socialism to fascism, which foster faith in the enlightenment and religious tradition, giving it a more contemporary color. He accepts the romantic legacy, but enriches it with elements of realism, symbolism, neoclassicism.

Iljaz Agushi - Apostulli i Shqipërisë etnike

Sangius heroum semen libertatis - Gjaku i heronjve është fara e lirisë

Author(s): Muhamet Pirraku / Language(s): Albanian Issue: 44/2014

Në kujtesën historike të popullit shqiptar personaliteti i Iljaz Haxhí Agushit qëndron në piedestalin e Altarit të Shqipërisë Etnike: urtak, bamirës, paqekrijues, diplomat, udhëheqës trim e burrë shteti dinjitoz, me një parashikim politik kombëtar, Fanar në Oqeanin Shqiptar të trazuar nga jashtë dhe nga brenda. Në shëmbëlltyrën politike e luftarake të Iljaz Agushit i martirizuar, me vëllezër e me gjak, për tërësinë e Shqipërisë Etnike, kemi personalitetin kombëtar shqiptar të Kosovës më të ndjekurin, më të anatemuarin, më të përbuzurin nga drejtuesit e organizatës komuniste kominterniste jugosllave në vitet 1941-1945, për faktin se ishte më i rrezikshmi për planet e tyre dëmtuese të çështjes shqiptare.

BALADA POPULLORE ARBËRESHE NË VEPRËN FOLKLORIKE TË JERONIM DE RADËS

Author(s): Sadri Fetiu / Language(s): Albanian Issue: 44/2014

Jeronim de Rada (1814 – 1903) është shkrimtari më i shquar i romantizmit shqiptar, i cili që në fillet e krijimtarisë së tij poetike është interesuar për folklorin e arbëreshëve të Italisë. Për përmbledhjen e këngëve popullore arbëreshe Rapsodi të një poeme shqiptare të botuar më 18661, të ribotuar me titull të ndryshuar Rapsodi kombëtare – këngë popullore2, që nga periudha kur bëhej përgatitja e saj për botim3 e deri në kohën tonë4 janë dhënë mendime dhe vlerësime të shumta. Janë çmuar në mënyrë të veçantë vlerat artistike të këtyre këngëve, është dëshmuar angazhimi dhe përkushtimi i madh i De Radës për mbledhjen e redaktimin e tyre5 dhe është theksuar sidomos se ai, duke menduar se këngët ishin pjesë e një poeme të madhe kombëtare, ishte përpjekur që ato t’i radhiste e madje edhe kishte vënë dorë në to, duke i plotësuar për ta realizuar tërësinë e saj.

On Concept of Turk in 18th Century Albanian Literature

Author(s): Genciana Abazi-Egro / Language(s): English Issue: 37/2016

In the Albanian literature of the 18th century, the terms Turk (Albanian turk) and Turkishness (Albanian turqëri) had a specific usage linked directly with the relations established by Albanians with the Ottoman Empire and Islam as the religious backbone of this political state formation. In his Albanian Divan, written in the first decade of the 18th century, Nezim Berati sees the world as divided into Turq (Muslims) and Kaurrë (Christians). In this religious perception of the world, he denominates the community of Muslim believers as Turqëri, a word coined in the Albanian language from the name Turk with the suffix - ri commonly used in Albanian for the formation of collective nouns. Poet Hasan Zyko Kamberi (XVIII cent.) uses also the term Turk to denominate all Muslim believers, without distinction in time and space. Turks is the term used for Muslim believers at the time of Prophet Muhammad, during the wars of the second caliph ‘Umar and also for the Muslim contemporaries of the poet. The usage in the 18th century Albanian of the words Turk and Turqëri to denote the Muslim believers and the religious faith of the Muslims, Islam, is closely linked with the experience of Albanians with this faith and directly with the phenomenon of their first contacts with this religion and the form in which it was institutionalized, beginning from the second half of the 14th century. It is a well known historical fact that this process of institutionalization began to be implemented with the arrival of the Ottoman armies at Albanian territories and the ever more intensive contacts of Albanians with the Ottoman state and with the Ottoman Turks, in particular.

Adem Demaçi ‐ shkrimtari për të gjitha kohët

Author(s): Rexhep Qosja / Language(s): Albanian Issue: 46/2016

Writers League of Kosovo, in 2012, has published the set of ten literary works of Adem Demaçi. In this set of Adem Demaçi’s literary works are included all artistic writings - stories, novels, poetry and drama, with the exception of two fragments of his novel S’ka paqe ndër kasolle, seized by the police during the first arrest of the author on 19 November 1958, which were titled Maliqi and S’ka paqe ndër kasolle. In this set are not included numerous journalistic writings and conversations of Adem Demaçi, even though their number of pages and of volumes is larger than of those published. Due to full and entirely correct recognition of this literary and journalistic creativity, and of his social, cultural and political activity it is made possible to distinguish three phases in Adem Damaçi’s creativity. The first phase extends up to his first imprisonment, on 19 November 1958; the second phase up to his release from prisons on 21 April 1990, and the third phase since his release from prisons up to present. Not only by his language and style, and not only by artistic power of his characters, by the tension of their relationship, by the riches of his embodied meditations, and not only by all factualness, the novel Snakes of blood is artistically and historically scorer novel in Albanian literature. With all its linguistic - artistic value and with all of its historical – literary importance it will be able to be estimated properly and sufficiently if kept in mind that it was written and published at a time when in the state of Albania was reigning the doctrine of socialist realism and when in Kosovo was reigning party- state conformism not only in politics but also in creativity. Adem Demaçi as both, intellectual and creator is a denier of socialist realism and the party and power conformism.

Adem Demaçi si shkrimtar

Author(s): Agim Vinca / Language(s): Albanian Issue: 46/2016

Adem Demaçi, is not only prominent political activist, a man who made an era, but also a creator of rare artistic talent. Adem Demaçi, author of dozens of stories and a novel (Gjarpijt e gjakut, 1958), before being jailed (1958), and after release from prison (1990) a writer of the novels: Libër për Vetmohimin (1994) Heli e Mimoza, Nëna Shegë e pesë gocat, Shkrumbnajë e dashuri, Dashuria kuantike e Filanit dhe Alb Prometeu (a cycle of five novels, written during 2007-2012, i.e. before and after the declaration of independence, speaking of the war and after war in Kosovo), of the poem Tung vargu im, the only work in verses, and of historicalpolitical drama Politika dhe pushka, unless he sacrificed his literary talent for the sake of the national cause, he would become a writer of enormous proportions, no matter how hypothetical this might seem, Kosovo’s Kadare. Adem Demaçi had all the prerequisites to become as such: the talent, imagination, observation ability of the vital phenomena, gift to create human characters, rich language, laconic style, deep knowledge of popular phraseology, mastering of the language as a system of expressive means in all its levels, and so on. Adem Demaçi, rather than postmodernist, even though in his work postmodern elements are not lacking, especially in Libër për Vet Mohimin and Dashuria kuantike e Filanit, as a writer he might be called perhaps a postrealist, proponent of a new realism, which the French philosopher Roger Garaudy called “réalisme sans rivages” (realism without shores). Literary work of Adem Demaçi is open to life, to world, to nature, and to society and invites the reader to an open communication, out of schemes and clichés that he cannot withstand.

Metafora e madhe

Author(s): Ag Apolloni / Language(s): Albanian Issue: 46/2016

The night is our day clearly shows the principle of double coding manifesting it into the schismatic protagonist, Budin Buda, who is the author and character of the story. Separation of the protagonist in two parts / persons, one that deals with writing (Budin Buda) and the other one that commits crimes (Centaur) is a consciousness separation to maintain two types of readers. Budin tells Centaur’s actions. The Centaur’s actions entertains the semantic reader, while structuring of story by Budin provokes the semiotic reader.

Rrëfimi për totalitarizmin

Author(s): Gëzim Aliu / Language(s): Albanian Issue: 46/2016

Just like the novel "The Winter of Great Solitude", also the novel "The Concert at the end of Winter", is a literary work that treats a rupture with a great power, who yesterday was a great friend and today becomes a great enemy; in this case it is China that becomes the great enemy. Just like in the "Winter...", also in the "Concert..." rupture occurs because of ideological reasons; of course, Albania is a principled one, as in the case with the Soviets. Therefore, this novel, in a broad sense, respects the doctrine of socialist realism. But it is noteworthy mentioning the authorial courage to treat some delicate internal issues of totalitarian societies. Narrating on totalitarism is, in fact, the essence of this novel and could be “used” as a literary microscope by today’s reader to see, with the help of imagination, of course, deep in the developments of Albanian and Chinese societies at the times of left dictatorship.

Autobiografia diskursive e Kadaresë

Author(s): Agron Gashi / Language(s): Albanian Issue: 46/2016

Discursive Autobiographies are type of texts in which life experiences are written about tempted creations. Discursive Autobiographies are metadiegetic analepsis 'lands' that disclose personal experience of the process of creation, where communication occurs also the form of metacommunication, above all, the text as autometatext. In such cases, the authors, while talking about their work and creation process, create a kind of autobiographical prose more or less essayistic with autometatext status, text where even the deeper cogitation interpretation and criticism, empirical practice keeps the genre of autobiography. As proven, this prose model is written only at the end literary creation, especially when the author becomes authority in literature. Such temptation was proved in two discursive autobiographies of Kadare: Invitation in studio and Mornings in Cafe Le Rosand, where literature talks about literature. Diptych in question, apart from the author’s revelation the work, we are faced with the re-examination of relationship between authorial literature and of universal literature, sometimes as reading experience, sometimes as writing experience with variety of literary interferences.

Kush i pari bani… dhe Kur zoti harron

Author(s): Fadil Grajçevci / Language(s): Albanian Issue: 46/2016

Literary critics often emphasized that for years the poetry of Esad Mekuli was the inspiration for a number of works not only in verse, but also in prose written by the younger generations. Certainly, literary criticism has timely investigated the influence of Esad Mekuli’s poetry in the narrative prose of Adem Demaçi, but because Adem Demaçi was imprisoned and his works were banned not only for study but also for reading, the poetry of Esad Mekuli and stories of Adem Demaçi never became an object of study from comparative perspective. One of Esad Mekuli’s most successful creations not only in social poetry, but also in Albanian literature generally, is the first poem Kush i pari bani..., written in 1935 and 1936, when our literary pioneer began his studies in Belgrade, in the white city, as he calls it, in the city where his compatriots were mostly laborers, woodcutters, idle wanderers and homeless, a substantial number of whom ended up as beggars or, in more severe cases, crazy, as was his lyrical subject of our social lyricism taken under scrutiny here. Before publishing it as complete version, for the first time in the second edition of his emblematic collection Për ty, in 1963, Esad Mekuli has published separately in different numbers of literary magazine “Jeta e re”, edited by him, four constitutive poems of Kush i pari bani...; the first two poems, Mëngjezi and Nata in no. 3/1958, the fourth E kam pa të çmendun in no. 4/1958, while the third one O, Vlla, me sharrë në krah... in no. 2/1959.

Leximi tradicional dhe leximi i ri i poezisë së Esad Mekulit

Author(s): Sali Bytyçi / Language(s): Albanian Issue: 46/2016

Esad Mekuli’s poetry since its publication in the first years after Second World War had a special reception because it was addressed to people who for the first time were hearing the voice of its creator. This was a populist reception, which was then raised to the level of literary criticism by critics. How was read Esad Mekuli’s poetry yesterday, the answer to this question will shed the light on poem’s traditional reading, with all consignments of the time that carries this reading, while the new reading of his poetry, today, is a reading out of the context when it was written, it will be a reading discharged from those consignments, the one that will halt to the literary values of the text giving it longevity of a poetic creation. However, is it possible to avoid the context of the time in which the poet created; the first of Albanian poetry in Kosovo? No matter how much attempt is made to avoid the context of the time when Esad Mekuli has created, a complete escape from it is almost impossible. Esad Mekuli is people’s poet, such a notion today is both, impossible and meaningless.

Editimet historiko‐letrare të profesor Idriz Ajetit ‐ një fushë e panjohur

Author(s): Myrvete Dreshaj-Baliu / Language(s): Albanian Issue: 46/2016

The object of this study is the contribution of Professor Idriz Ajeti in the field of literature and his didactic views in designing textbooks for this field. Many research studies have been made about his contributions that were focused in many fields and aspects of albanology, however it is not difficult to notice that from the rich bibliography his contribution in the field of literature was “excluded” in all cases. Therefore, my approach to this phenomenon has a special incentive: Adem Demaçi’s story in the novel "“Dashuria kuantike e Filanit”, about Professor Idriz Ajeti, as a model of a patriot teacher with perfect methods. This story prompted the research in his early bio-bibliography, which resulted in the recognition of two textbooks, Libër të leximit [Reading Book] and Antologji e letërsisë shqipe [Anthology of Albanian literature], and their substantive and conceptual structure.

Forma dhe ide në romane të Ymer Shkrelit

Author(s): Adil Olluri / Language(s): Albanian Issue: 46/2016

Ymer Shkreli is one of the best novelists of contemporary Albanian literature. But, unfortunately, his novels are very little known and studied. So, the analysis of his novelistic work is at first a research on values of an author who was unjustly neglected by Albanian researchers and critics. He is the author of a series of novels with the formal and stylistic variety and with numerous ideas and thematic layers. His novels have distinct specifications in relation to the works of this kind in Albanian literature. In addition, narrative particularity of this author is that each of his novels is different from the other, as in plan of style and form, also in terms of ideas and world-conception.

Tri mënyrat e ligjërimit mbi të brendshmen tek romani “gjenerali i ushtrisë së vdekur”

Author(s): Muharrem Jakupi / Language(s): Albanian Issue: 46/2016

This study identifies, classifies and argues main ideo-artistic functions of some modern discourse types in I. Kadare’s novel General of the Dead Army, which are analyzed in conjunction with some of the most typical tools and features of work’s style. The conclusion is that the entire discourse of the novel is systematically characterized by narrative techniques known as: “psycho-narration”, “interior monologue”, “quoted monologue” and “narrated monologue”. The dominance of these discursive modes proves that the novel is a pure example of denial of any form of realism, marking this way the first significant turnaround in Albanian literature toward total embracement of the poetics of modernity. This study approach has also enabled new emphasis on interpretation and defining the novel’s meaning.

Kodi socio‐etnik dhe simbolik në novelën Gjaku të Ernest Koliqit

Author(s): Arlindë Kotorri / Language(s): Albanian Issue: 46/2016

Ernest Koliqi, while tracing and knowing the significant reality of Albanian customary life in highlands, this specific national ethnic part, in the novel Gjaku [Blood] gave us not only ethno-cultural spirit, but also an extraordinary subject, which highlights the whole philosophy of hero’s conscious swing and his ethnic essence, obvious in his way of thinking, behaviour and actions. From analysis’s aspect in this novel are translucent traces of socioethnic and symbolic code. The presence of heroes (characters) brings along the effect of social reality, historical reality: the hero is socialized with the new code of life that comes from the educational environment in which he lives, he gets educated. The incitement of reader’s expectation steams from incomprehensible situation of hero’s reluctance in the novel not being sure which life code should he represent - the old life code coming from customary traditions, or the new code, coming from the influence of urban life and education. The dilemma weather to accept or deny retaliation code is too heavy for hero’s spiritual life, and it makes the reader to observe the hero’s spiritual drama with an equally dramatic experience.

Homazh për alamiadon (Romani “Haxhiu i Frakullës” i Vath Koreshit)

Author(s): Orjela Stafasani / Language(s): Albanian Issue: 46/2016

The novel "Haxhi of Frakulla" of Vath Koreshi, published in 1980 by the publishing house "Naim Frasheri", belongs to the first period of Koreshi’s opus, the one of socialist realism, but stays away from the socialist dogma. The author builds the novel as a hypertext on alamiado literary texts, suggesting to the readers knowledge about that cultural context. The poetic language, the oriental style and the intertext as quotation, reference and allusion pay homage to the alamiado literature developed in XVIII-XIX century in Albania.

Mitologjia dhe ideologjia

Author(s): Saranda Buzhala / Language(s): Albanian Issue: 46/2016

The mythical paradigm taken from Kadare comes as a multidiscciplinary approach for the reader. The story was written in 1967 in Tirana, and the trilogy starting from 1967 until March of 1990, all written in Tirana. The drama has been written between Paris and Tirana in the spring of 1996. If the story “Prometheus” can stand alone as such, because it is consisted of one page, then the trilogy “Prometheus” may function as separate stories. This may make the piece to have two statuses. When speaking of drama, we must emphasize that it is subject to laws of drama. Lastly, the contextual reference in modern time and the geniality of adjustment and adaptation of this myth with itself and the nation, which for the author is as identification mark, and for the reader a reminiscence of reality with art, constitutes the universality of these writings.

Poetika e Rexhep Qosjes

Author(s): Feride Papleka / Language(s): Albanian Issue: 8/2016

Looking at the totality of Qosja’s works, we could say that he was born for this kind of heteroclite writing. After essays and critical studies he wrote the first novel, after the novel he wrote drama, after the drama he wrote the biographies of some authors,the literary history, and again he turned back to fiction, which to him seems to bean everlasting love. His unique literary style is having a great impact on the Albanian readers.

Laboratori krijues i Rexhep Qosjes

Author(s): Fadil Grajçevci / Language(s): Albanian Issue: 8/2016

The Diary of Rexhep Qosja is full with information on the various categories, it is almost encyclopedic. With the plurality of content and confession which is not always in the first person, many characteristic of diaries, memoirs and other memoir writings with specific language, full of new words, his diary can be considered monumental literary in the Albanian literature and culture. His laboratory of creation is an excellent model that teaches us how to create great works.

Shpata e satirës

Author(s): Ag Apolloni / Language(s): Albanian Issue: 8/2016

Seeing from a historical perspective of the development of satire, “The Regretful Resurrected” is the most beautiful and the most ornery satire of Albanian literature.In this novella Qosja tells with deep knowledge on narratology, so he is hidden behind the narrator, whereas the narratoris hidden behind the hero. They at the border take the sword of Skanderbeg, but another sword, sword of satire, kills in a double battle: against satirical characters and against political prototypes.