Iljaz Agushi - Apostulli i Shqipërisë etnike

Sangius heroum semen libertatis - Gjaku i heronjve është fara e lirisë

Author(s): Muhamet Pirraku / Language(s): Albanian / Issue: 44/2014

Në kujtesën historike të popullit shqiptar personaliteti i Iljaz Haxhí Agushit qëndron në piedestalin e Altarit të Shqipërisë Etnike: urtak, bamirës, paqekrijues, diplomat, udhëheqës trim e burrë shteti dinjitoz, me një parashikim politik kombëtar, Fanar në Oqeanin Shqiptar të trazuar nga jashtë dhe nga brenda. Në shëmbëlltyrën politike e luftarake të Iljaz Agushit i martirizuar, me vëllezër e me gjak, për tërësinë e Shqipërisë Etnike, kemi personalitetin kombëtar shqiptar të Kosovës më të ndjekurin, më të anatemuarin, më të përbuzurin nga drejtuesit e organizatës komuniste kominterniste jugosllave në vitet 1941-1945, për faktin se ishte më i rrezikshmi për planet e tyre dëmtuese të çështjes shqiptare.

Ironia si argument letrar

Author(s): Sabina Osmanovic / Language(s): Albanian / Issue: 1/2013

Duke patur parasysh ironinë si virtyt të mendjes së mprehtë, e qënë këtë rast është e implementuar më së miri për të komunikuar diku mes rreshtash, Kanunin nuk duhet interpretuar domosdoshmërisht si ligj i padiskutueshëm i cili kushtëzon dhe udhëheq racion, por thjesht si një dokument historik. Kësisoj, autori krijon një distancë ironike me tekstin origjinal, “rikrijon” në mënyrë të lirë një tekst letrar, funksioni i të cilit është kritika ironizuese në shërbim të edukimit.

Jeronim de Rada dhe një çështje e riperiodizimit

Author(s): Shaban Sinani / Language(s): Albanian / Issue: 3/2014

Në këtë parashtresë mbështetemi në tri teza të hershme të albanologut E. Çabej për historinë e letërsisë shqipe prej fillimeve deri në periudhën e modernitetit, në mënyrë të veçantë për lindjen dhe zhvillimin e letërsisë romantike.

Kalket gjuhësore në roman in Shija e bukës së mbrûme të Ernest Koliqit

Author(s): Brunilda Dashi / Language(s): Albanian / Issue: 01-02/2015

The essay examines the linguistic caiques in Ernest Koliqi’s “Shija e bukës së mbrûme” novel, following a similar study on the two novellas “Hija e maleve” e “Tregtâr flamujsh” by the same author. The survey of the study on the calque ends focusing on the model language, Italian, which has been and still is the most important linguistic referent for the Albanian language with regards to the coinage of numerous neologisms. On the basis of typology, the study focuses on the structural calque with specific reference to perfect structural calque and imperfect structural calque. For practical purposes, these categories are divided into derivational calque and compositional calque, both studied analytically. The specular categorical classification, in the two languages, is accompanied by the identification and characterization of the differences realization of the calque in the target language. Also phrasal calques are divided into perfect and imperfect and the difference in typology of phraseological units with co-occurrences is evidenced. Neologisms in this category involving Italian loans, already acquired and stabilized, constitute a separate group. The syntactic calques found are few, they are not established and do not affect the structure of the Albanian language. The semantic calques are largely a result of enlargement of the meanings with the figurative use of terms that are already synonymical in the two languages. The phenomenon of linguistic calque in the novel is primarily concerned with the grammatical categories of the name, the adjective and the adverb. In addition to common headwords, Koliqi introduces in Albanian language neologisms of medical, biological, religious, literary and academic terminology.

Kodi socio‐etnik dhe simbolik në novelën Gjaku të Ernest Koliqit

Author(s): Arlindë Kotorri / Language(s): Albanian / Issue: 46/2016

Ernest Koliqi, while tracing and knowing the significant reality of Albanian customary life in highlands, this specific national ethnic part, in the novel Gjaku [Blood] gave us not only ethno-cultural spirit, but also an extraordinary subject, which highlights the whole philosophy of hero’s conscious swing and his ethnic essence, obvious in his way of thinking, behaviour and actions. From analysis’s aspect in this novel are translucent traces of socioethnic and symbolic code. The presence of heroes (characters) brings along the effect of social reality, historical reality: the hero is socialized with the new code of life that comes from the educational environment in which he lives, he gets educated. The incitement of reader’s expectation steams from incomprehensible situation of hero’s reluctance in the novel not being sure which life code should he represent - the old life code coming from customary traditions, or the new code, coming from the influence of urban life and education. The dilemma weather to accept or deny retaliation code is too heavy for hero’s spiritual life, and it makes the reader to observe the hero’s spiritual drama with an equally dramatic experience.

Koha në romanet e Sefedin Fetiut

Author(s): Sadri Fetiu / Language(s): Albanian / Issue: 45/2015

Pata rastin që romanet e Sefedin Fetiut t’i lexoj që në dorëshkrim, madje për disa ngjarje që trajtohen në to, qoftë si tema historike, qoftë edhe ndodhi të realitetit të kohës sonë, edhe kemi biseduar shpesh dhe kemi këmbyer mendime. Dy romanet e tij i kam lexuar pastaj në vitet pas vdekjes së Sefedinit, me qëllim që brenda tyre ta përjetoj atë rrezatimin e ngrohtë njerëzor, atë vullnetin e madhe për jetën, atë entuziazëm të veçantë dhe atë përkushtim të panatyrshëm ndaj letërsisë dhe artit në përgjithësi, që e kam adhuruar gjithnjë tek personaliteti i tij.

Koncepti i tjetrit si realitet i ekzistencës së letërsisë dhe si fenomen ekzistencial për (ri)bërjen e vetes

Author(s): Arben Hoxha / Language(s): Albanian / Issue: 46/2016

In this paper we see the concept of the other in literature not as a cognitive-sensory concept within the artistic structure of literary work, but as a category of teleology of literary epistemology from the viewpoint of art philosophy phenomenology and existential communication. Diffuse relationship of self and the other objectified in Albanian literature speaks of diffuse stance that our self-consciousness has towards individuality and our collective identity. In most of Albanian literature the ego reveals itself as being, whose existence is determined by the extent of highlighting the difference and seclusion from the other and the possibility of its extinction, or even defence against him. In fact, the conception of the relationship of self to the other, encountered in Albanian literature, speaks of the possibilities and position of narrow borders that impede the realization of our consciousness and its raising into self-consciousness. Incorrect conceptualization of the subject’s relation to the object will have negative consequences resulting in incorrect configuration of the relation between the Ego and the consciousness of the creator. Sensory and perception consciousness, expressed in Hegelian terms, will not be able to be raised at the level of intellectual consciousness, because it will always be in relation to un-real/false Ego, which will lack sufficient integrative capacities for reality of own existence as well as integrative and inciting powers of the consciousness to reach to the highest level of its existence – at the level of self-consciousness. This is the reason why a greatest part of Albanian literature will not have emancipator role. On the contrary.

Krisja e parë në brezin e viteve 1960: rasti i novelës “Dikush më buzëqeshte”

Author(s): Shaban Sinani / Language(s): Albanian / Issue: 03-04/2015

Albanian literature has created myths and demons in all periods. Oral literature inherited the demonization of the most powerful medieval kingdoms of the time before ottomans: the deception of republic of Saint Mark through the figure of baiulus, bailo; so much as the deception of kingdom of Aragon (through the figure of katallan and saraçen). The literature of Romanism demonized the turkish dog, but, without arriving till to the demonization of neighbors, which was shown in the period under the control of the state, especially with Lahuta e Maids (Gj. Fishta, 1937), where Albanians and Slavs are born n’mëni t’ sho’shojt (angry with each - other). The literature of socialist realism, as a literature of contradicts and antagonism, except the traditional demonizations, created the demonized Europe, the demonized west, that always constructs anti - Albanian projects, together with its supporters inside: diversionists, agents, declasses pennons influenced by bourgeoisie. Démonisation in Albanian literature of socialist realism arrived till in the deception of the write by the write. It is known the public polemics that caused short story “Dikush më buzëqeshte” (F. Arapi, 1972), where, in 5 - 6 pages, added after the decision of its publishing, the author aimed the satirization of the novel “Kronikë në gur” and of its author, too. According the relators of the time, through the short story “Dikush më buzëqeshte” author wanted to devalue non-heroic childhood of the author of the novel Kronikë në gurë. This phenomenou arrived till the creation of a tradition of counterworks: the story Tregtar e skeleteve (K. Trebeshina, Prishtinë 2006), is shown like a counter work against the novel (Gjenerali i ushtrisë së vdekur; Mekami, Turkish medody (K. Trebeshina, Prishtinë 1994) counterstays to the novel “Kështjella”, while Kukudhi (K. Trebeshina, 1993) satirizes “Kush e solli Doruntinën”. Démonisation of I. Kadaré, as a port of the tradition of politic use of the intellectuals, for paradox, had also its international component, with the inclusion of foreign scholars in investigation of enemies or their invention in Kadaré’s work.

Kritika dhe recensione

Author(s): Aferdita Abdullahi,Faton Krasniqi,Fitim Veliu,Ardian Haxhaj,Faton Osmani / Language(s): Albanian / Issue: 46/2016

Shefkije Islamaj, Gjuha – teksti dhe konteksti, Instituti Albanologjik, Prishtinë, 2014, f. 370. Lindita Aliu‐Tahiri, “Gjuha dhe lufta e ideve”, “Naimi”, 2013, 318 f. Hysen Matoshi, Qasje albanologjike, botoi Instituti Albanologjik, Prishtinë, 2016, f. 384. Dr. Gëzim Aliu, Romanet e Ismail Kadaresë 1963‐1990. Retorika e tekstit dhe narracioni, Instituti Albanologjik, Prishtinë, 2016, f. 524 Kosova ‐ vështrim monografik, Akademia e Shkencave dhe e Arteve e Kosovës, Prishtinë, 2011

Kronika dhe procesione

Author(s): John Updike / Language(s): Albanian / Issue: 7/2016

Shqiptarët njihen për ashpërsinë e tyre, izolimin, ultra-komunizmin, por jo për letërsinë moderne; e megjithatë, Ismail Kadareja, i lindur më 1936, gëzon një reputacion të konsiderueshëm në Evropë dhe libri i tij i parë i botuar këtu (“Chronicle in Stone”, përkthyer nga shqipja (përkthyesi anonim), botuar nga New Amsterdam Books /The Meredith Press, $17.95) nuk është një kureshti e radhës, por një roman krejtësisht magjepsës - i sofistikuar dhe i arrirë në prozën e tij poetike dhe në zhdërvjelltësinë e rrëfimit, por gjithashtu i mbështetur në rrënjët e një prej shoqërive më të pazhvilluara evropiane.

Kronikë për Konferencën shkencore me temë: Polemikat letrare

Author(s): Laura Smaqi / Language(s): Albanian / Issue: 03-04/2015

Conference report: "Literary polemics/Polemikat letrare"

Kthetrat e kiçit

Author(s): Ag Apolloni / Language(s): Albanian / Issue: 5/2015

The Albanian literature, being late and small, has taken models from the earliest and greatest literature. So it imitated them just to be part of the signifying literary play, claiming to create not a literary identity, but a national identity. Therefore, it is not authentic on the map of world literature. Throughout its history, it has been religious, political and national propaganda. Its predominance was once dogma, sometimes the kitsch.

Kultura fetare bektashiane dhe roli i saj në Rilindjen kombëtare shqiptare

Author(s): Memli Krasniqi,Violeta Krasniqi / Language(s): Albanian / Issue: 46/2016

Throughout the history of the world the impact of religion on literarature and musical creativity is very well known. Many of the world's masterpieces in literature and music had as the primary inspiration the mystical connections of humans with the creator. Such an influence, in the musical creativity of composers like Mozart and Beethoven had the Sufi orders of Mevlevi and Bektashi. Whereas, Sufism had a greater influence in the Albanian spiritual culture, especially the Bektashi order. Consequently, a large number of works written in Albanian language with Arabic script were a product of the influence of Bektashi and other Sufi orders.

Kush asht Frederik Reshpja?

Author(s): Primo Shllaku / Language(s): Albanian / Issue: 11/2017

In the today’s Albanian world of literature Frederik Reshpja is held for a famous poet. But,in reality there are few or even none studies and critical approaches to his poetical work. Round this figure a myth is going to be created and this won’t be useful to his work. His life of a true bohemian and his outnumbered excentricities as an individual could promove him as a person but the biographical pecularities shouldn’t be extended over his poetical creative work. The culture of mythologizing names has already driven out of the field another innovative poet of the period amidst the two world wars, Migjeni. With the poet Reshpja this ought not to happen. The extention of biographical pecularities over the literary becoming sometimes may result compromising for both the author and his work.

Kush i pari bani… dhe Kur zoti harron

Author(s): Fadil Grajçevci / Language(s): Albanian / Issue: 46/2016

Literary critics often emphasized that for years the poetry of Esad Mekuli was the inspiration for a number of works not only in verse, but also in prose written by the younger generations. Certainly, literary criticism has timely investigated the influence of Esad Mekuli’s poetry in the narrative prose of Adem Demaçi, but because Adem Demaçi was imprisoned and his works were banned not only for study but also for reading, the poetry of Esad Mekuli and stories of Adem Demaçi never became an object of study from comparative perspective. One of Esad Mekuli’s most successful creations not only in social poetry, but also in Albanian literature generally, is the first poem Kush i pari bani..., written in 1935 and 1936, when our literary pioneer began his studies in Belgrade, in the white city, as he calls it, in the city where his compatriots were mostly laborers, woodcutters, idle wanderers and homeless, a substantial number of whom ended up as beggars or, in more severe cases, crazy, as was his lyrical subject of our social lyricism taken under scrutiny here. Before publishing it as complete version, for the first time in the second edition of his emblematic collection Për ty, in 1963, Esad Mekuli has published separately in different numbers of literary magazine “Jeta e re”, edited by him, four constitutive poems of Kush i pari bani...; the first two poems, Mëngjezi and Nata in no. 3/1958, the fourth E kam pa të çmendun in no. 4/1958, while the third one O, Vlla, me sharrë në krah... in no. 2/1959.

L ’esprit de Hylli i Dritës dans l ’oeuvre scientifique de l ’Institut des Etudes Albanaises

Author(s): Shaban Sinani / Language(s): French / Issue: 01/2014

Dans son étude monographique Për gjenezën e literaturës shqipe (« Sur la genèse de la littérature albanaise »), parue dans Hylli i Dritës [nouvelle série] en 1939, Eqrem Çabej avait argumenté que la littérature albanaise du romantisme s’était développée comme une littérature d’émigration. Au cours de la première moitié du XXe siècle, cette situation a très peu changé. Si l’on emprunte une formule que Stuart E. Mann, un chercheur qui s’est intéressé de longue date à l’histoire de la littérature albanaise, emploie dans son ouvrage Albanian Literature: An Outline of Prose, Poetry and Drama [Bernard Quaritch, 1955], même durant la période de l’existence d’un État national, certains des hauts lieux des lettres albanaises ont continué à demeurer à l’étranger...

L ’esthétique de l ’identité retrouvée

Author(s): Rexhep Qosja / Language(s): Lithuanian / Issue: 02/2014

L’oeuvre littéraire et extralittéraire de Hiéronyme De Rada laisse distinguer deux dominantes conceptuelles et artistiques : la première, l’idée historique nationale et, la seconde, le lyrisme. Le célèbre linguiste Roman Jakobson appelle dominante la composante principale d’une oeuvre littéraire, de toute la création d’un écrivain et d’une période historique littéraire, celle qui détermine, rapproche, transforme et gouverne toutes les autres composantes de cette oeuvre, de cette création de l’écrivain, de cette période historique littéraire, en garantissant la cohésion de sa structure.

L ’origine du mythe pélasgique : Girolamo De Rada et Giovanni Emanuele Bidèra

Author(s): Matteo Mandalá / Language(s): French / Issue: 01/2014

Comme on le sait, ce mythe, tout comme ceux qui sont liés aux hauts faits des héros du panthéon albanais - Skanderbeg, Pyrrhus, Alexandre le Grand - a eu la grande chance, y compris littéraire, de prédominer tout au long du XIXe siècle, avec des conséquences significatives qui s’étendent jusqu’à la seconde moitié du siècle suivant. Aujourd’hui encore, ce mythe surgit de temps à autre, non seulement sous ses formes anciennes, avec les mêmes méthodes parascientifiques, mais d’ailleurs avec les mêmes objectifs et prétentions qu’il a eus depuis sa toute première manifestation : témoigner que les Albanais n’étaient (ni ne sont) rien d’autre que les descendants directs des Pélasges « sacrés et glorieux » dont a écrit initialement Homère.

La Poetica Di Guiseppe Schiro

Author(s): Klara Kodra / Language(s): Italian / Issue: 01/2002

In his poetry, ideas are expressed about the liberation of the homeland of origin, and at the same time social and existential problems are illuminated by an ideology full of contrasts ranging from socialism to fascism, which foster faith in the enlightenment and religious tradition, giving it a more contemporary color. He accepts the romantic legacy, but enriches it with elements of realism, symbolism, neoclassicism.

La Renaissance Nationale et l'Ecole Romantique dans la Litterature Albanaise du XIX Siecle

Author(s): Jorgo Bulo / Language(s): French / Issue: 01/2004

La formation des écoles nationales dans la littérature et les arts de l'Europe du Sud-Est est liée, ici plus ailleurs moins, aux mouvements et aux révolutions nationales dans ces pays. Cette constatation pourrait être prise pour base dans la reconstruction de ce processus si nous nous entendions sur les termes et nous distinguions la conscience populaire proto-nationale d'une Ethnie ou nationalité de la conscience nationale d'une nation à la phase de sa Formation et des mouvements pour la création des États nationaux. De cet aspect, les écoles nationales seraient comprises comme un phénomène historique né aux époques du développement des mouvements nationaux, comme une partie du processus de la formation de la conscience nationale et de l'affirmation de l'identité et de l'intégrité spirituelle de la nation au moyen de la culture.