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“Nothing is True, Everything is Permitted”. Vladimir Bartol’s Novel “Alamut” – Belated Entry in the Modern Balkan Context
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“Nothing is True, Everything is Permitted”. Vladimir Bartol’s Novel “Alamut” – Belated Entry in the Modern Balkan Context

Author(s): Malamir Spasov / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2015

“Alamut” (1938) is a novel by Vladimir Bartol (1903 – 1967) – Slovene author from Trieste. It has been defined as both “marginal literature” and “brilliantly written work”. However, only in the 1980s and 1990s Bartol’s novel became the most internationally successful and bestselling work of Slovene literature, partly due to its strangely contemporary relevance. And yet there has been surprisingly little comparison between “one of the most original works of Slovene literature” and the modernistic literary creativity of contemporaries of Bartol’s generation elsewhere in Southeast Europe – for instance authors such as Bulgarian Boris Shivachev, Romanians Camil Petrescu, Anton Holban and Mircea Eliade, and even Serbian Miloš Crnjanski. Regrettably, “Alamut” is not translated in Bulgarian or Romanian yet. Apart from the fact that it is a gap which needs to be filled, such a juxtaposing seems to be quite alluring, loquacious and valuable. This study represents an attempt to commence similar comparison and to initiate a broader discussion between both extremities of the Balkans.

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От редактора/ Le mot du rédacteur/ Letter from the editor/ Упътване за авторите/ Guide pour les auteurs/ Author Guidelines

От редактора/ Le mot du rédacteur/ Letter from the editor/ Упътване за авторите/ Guide pour les auteurs/ Author Guidelines

Author(s): / Language(s): English,Bulgarian,French Issue: 1/2015

Letter from the editor and author guidelines

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“I travel myself” – nomadic motives originating from the Balkans

“I travel myself” – nomadic motives originating from the Balkans

Author(s): Darina Felonova / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2016

The article examines the special role of the journey - spiritual and physical, in three novels by immigrant authors from the Balkans: Paris-Athens by Vassilis Alexakis, Hotel Europe by Dumitru Tsepeneag and Murder in Byzantium by Julia Kristeva. Represented is the idea that, by leaving his motherland, the immigrant could never attach himself the same way to any place and be fully accepted in the new community. Thus, his constant movement appears as a peculiar reaction to this specific ‘uprooting’ and becomes a way of life and thinking – i.e. a modern ‘nomadism’.

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Как да компенсираме загубата на красивото?Непознати сравнения от историята на европейския натурализъм

Как да компенсираме загубата на красивото?Непознати сравнения от историята на европейския натурализъм

Author(s): Roumiana L. Stantcheva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2016

This article examines Southeast-European stories and novels, where for the first time a rejection of the Beautiful in favour of scientific perception can be observed: "Dimo the Orderly" by Gheorghi P. Stamatov (1869-1942), "Parasites" by Barbu Delavrancea (1858-1918), "Rich and Poor" by Grigorios Xenopoulos (1867-1951) are compared with Emile Zola’s (1840-1902) "Nana". These similar themes and topics (the class division of society, the interest in the poor, heredity, pathology, symbolized by money, illness, and death) provide arguments in order to emphasize the existence of a common "system of European values" in a much broader perimeter than that of Western literatures.Thanks to the ideas of literary Naturalism, the materialistic view of life, scientifically legitimized during the Nineteenth century, obtained the credibility to be seen as a literary value. From a literary perspective, we are faced with an objective position of the narrator, adopted by writers (at the expense of the Beautiful, considered until that point as an intrinsic aesthetic value and essential to the art).This article applied the Triangular Pattern, introduced by the author, which implies a constant referring to the phenomena, common to European literatures and does not recommend that scholars remain incarcerated within the study of parallels between Southeаst-European literatures.

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Women‘s Literature and the Canon. How to Write History of Women’s Literature Today?

Women‘s Literature and the Canon. How to Write History of Women’s Literature Today?

Author(s): Milena Kirova / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2016

The paper opens by briefly outlining the development of women’s literature in the ex-„East European” countries since 1989. Then it turns to feminist literary theory tracking two different periods of its reception by, and adaption to, literary criticism in post-communist academic research. The concepts of women’s generations and women’s literary canon, vital for the western tradition of gynocriticism, are closely analyzed in line with their relevance to present-day women’s literature in post-communist culture. The paper closes by outlining a threefold model of the prospective to speak of women’s literature imbedded in, or in counter stance to, the traditional literary canon.

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Sandra Vlasta. Contemporary Migration Literature in German and English: A Comparative Study. (Internationale Forschungen zur allgemeinen und vergleichenden Literaturwissenschaft, vol. 187). Leiden/Boston, Brill /Rodopi, 2015, 296 p.

Sandra Vlasta. Contemporary Migration Literature in German and English: A Comparative Study. (Internationale Forschungen zur allgemeinen und vergleichenden Literaturwissenschaft, vol. 187). Leiden/Boston, Brill /Rodopi, 2015, 296 p.

Author(s): Malamir Spasov / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2016

Contemporary Migration Literature in German and English: A Comparative Study

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Изследвания по световна литература 2. том 7, Изтъкнати румънски личности в световната литература и литературна наука. Редактори: Либуша Вайдова, Андрей Териан

Изследвания по световна литература 2. том 7, Изтъкнати румънски личности в световната литература и литературна наука. Редактори: Либуша Вайдова, Андрей Териан

Author(s): Ioana Slavcheva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2016

Comments on the articles under the head-title Outstanding Romanian Personalities in World Literature and Literature Studies

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Elena Prus. La francosphère littéraire et l’empreinte française. [Елена Прус. Литературната франкосфера и френският отпечатък.] Chişinău, Pontos, 2013.

Elena Prus. La francosphère littéraire et l’empreinte française. [Елена Прус. Литературната франкосфера и френският отпечатък.] Chişinău, Pontos, 2013.

Author(s): Rennie Yotova / Language(s): French Issue: 1/2016

Review of the book on the topic of French literature and its influence

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Cosmopolitanism and the Postnational. Literature and the New Europe. Edited by César Domínguez and Theo D’Haen. Editeurs : César Domínguez et Theo D’Haen]. Leiden/ Boston, Brill/ Rodopi, [2015].

Cosmopolitanism and the Postnational. Literature and the New Europe. Edited by César Domínguez and Theo D’Haen. Editeurs : César Domínguez et Theo D’Haen]. Leiden/ Boston, Brill/ Rodopi, [2015].

Author(s): Roumiana L. Stantcheva / Language(s): French Issue: 1/2016

Comments on the topic in the book: Cosmopolitan and the postnational. Literature and the New Europe.

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Ucieczka od psychoanalizy

Ucieczka od psychoanalizy

Author(s): Didier Eribon / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2 (7)/2015

The author offers a critical judgment of Lacanian psychoanalysis, pointing out its normativizing aspect. He acknowledges the impossibility of reconciliation of psychoanalytic thought with the theory of radical difference, the example of which is queer, which has been postulated by such scholars as Judith Butler, Lee Edelman or Leo Bersani. As Eribon claims, queer theory constitutes a continuation of (anti-psychoanalytic) philosophy of Michel Foucault, and it would be theoretically much more inspiring – Eribon further argues – to try to juxtapose Foucault’s thought with Sartre rather than with Freud or Lacan.

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От хуманизма до постхуманизма: разсъжденията за Европа у Томас Ман, Андре Жид и Ханс-Магнус Енценсбергер

От хуманизма до постхуманизма: разсъжденията за Европа у Томас Ман, Андре Жид и Ханс-Магнус Енценсбергер

Author(s): Manfred Schmeling / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2015

Thomas Mann dealt with the topic of Europe on several levels: literary, theoretically and in the course of time. In his novel The Magic Mountain, the – symbolically speaking – “sick Europe” is meeting in a Swiss sanatorium. André Gide, who is like Thomas Mann a European in spirit, commented on Mann’s essay “Achtung, Europa!” (1936) with these words: “Mann reste […] un humaniste dans le sens le plus plein du mot.” Hans-Magnus Enzensberger – poet and critical observer of European developments – counters this humanistic idea of Europe with a new concept in, among other texts, “Eurozentrismus wider Willen” and Ach Europa (Europe, Europe: Forays into a Continent), which can be considered a mixture of essay and literary travelogue. Enzensberger opposes the political and economic attempts at harmonization imposed from Brussels and emphasizes the cultural distinctions of each individual European country. Linked to this commitment to alterity is a postmodern concept, which at the same time questions the grown humanistic discourse on Europe.

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Les contes folkloriques dans la dramaturgie symboliste francophone et slave

Les contes folkloriques dans la dramaturgie symboliste francophone et slave

Author(s): Dina Mantcheva / Language(s): French Issue: 1/2015

The paper examines the selection, structuring and dramatic rendition of the fairy tale plots in the Francophone and the Slavic symbolist dramas, to point out their typological resemblances and inner richness. The study finds out that rewriting the magic stories and their syncretic approach characterize both theatres and mark out their similitudes. However, the Francophone symbolists attempt to intensify the universal and mystical meaning of the folktales. On the other hand, the Slavic authors insert some national and parodic trends in their plays, strengthen the art synthesis and anticipate, in that way, the dramatic experiments in the European vanguards.

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Inkaust. Holokaust. Trudna lekcja pisania w czasach Zagłady

Inkaust. Holokaust. Trudna lekcja pisania w czasach Zagłady

Author(s): Małgorzata Wójcik-Dudek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 24/2015

This article attempts to reflect on the place of the Holocaust in school discourse in the Polish language course that constitutes part of three stages of education. While discussing — on the basis of particular texts — the evolution of one of the fundamental topoi of the Holocaust, namely a diary or journal, the authoress presents such ways of interpretation that will support the contemplation of the Shoah at school. However, the article does not offer any specific methodical solutions; it rather constitutes an invitation to a deeper reflection over the well-known literary texts, when enriched with new contexts.

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From the American Wild West to Bojszowy: Jozef Kłyk’s Westerns as Social Rituals

From the American Wild West to Bojszowy: Jozef Kłyk’s Westerns as Social Rituals

Author(s): Jolanta Szymkowska-Bartyzel / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2014

Jozef Kłyk is an over 60 year old amateur film maker from Silesia region of Poland who for over 30 years has directed over 50 westerns. All his western movies are made with 16mm Russian camera and the shooting is done on location in or near the village of Bojszowo, with the use of local people as actors and film crew. Kłyk’s films are a primer on the icons and symbols of the American Wild West: cowboys, Indians, saloons and ‘Wanted‘ signs. In his film stories the Author invokes the history of the American West and the history of Silesian villagers who in 1854 left for Texas and founded Panna Maria. The paper aims to examine the incorporation of the concept of this classical American film genre with its main distinguishing features in amateur production of the Polish director. It will focus on the ritual character of the genre movie and demonstrate how Kłyk’s western production is used by local community of the village of Bojszowo for ritual purposes. Reconstruction of village and rebuilding the history of Polish emigrants in Panna Maria within the form of film genre serve basic social function of expressing, fixing and reinforcing the shared values and beliefs of a community.

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Revolving the Vortex; or, Working through Trauma at Sea

Revolving the Vortex; or, Working through Trauma at Sea

Author(s): Pilar Martínez Benedí / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2014

Even as sea writing in antebellum America might have aspired to literary exploration—and possession, the ocean, as Hester Blum has noted, is a ‘landscape than cannot be tangibly possessed’. The of its waters gives the sea a formless, elusive quality, and its apparently material surface hides unfathomable and ultimately ungraspable depths. The view from the masthead, moreover, offered sailors a vast barren, monotonous panorama: rather than discovery, this vantage point showed nothing—only watery emptiness. On the other hand, sea voyages were inherently circular—they ended where they had started. Whaling voyages, in particular, were non-linear and non-teleological. Or, rather, their telos—the whale—was in perpetual motion, and the whaleship circumnavigated the slippery oceanic landscape in his chase. The concern with how these ontological features of seafaring reflect, and are reflected by, the epistemology of sea narratives will broadly frame my paper. In particular, I propose to look at the final vortex in Moby-Dick as an image that happily captures these aspects of seafaring—and of sea writing: elusiveness and circuitousness, and, at once, to point at how such aspects, and their blending, eloquently embody psychic trauma. A sea vortex—‘a circular movement of water with a vacuum at the center’, in Paul Brotdkorb’s words—echoes the spiral-like experience of working-through trauma; the ceaseless revolving around an event that cannot be known, since it was not grasped as it occurred, according to Cathy Caruth’s formulation. In turn, I will contend, this vortical image is an apt trope for Moby-Dick’s own circuitous form, visually replicating the convoluted process of working through its narrator’s trauma. Therefore, I will explore the ways in which, in his meandering, digressive tale, Ishmael—and, with him, the reader—seems to be revolving the vortex in order to gain mastery over the unclaimed experience of his lonely survival.

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Pearl S. Buck and the Forgotten Holocaust of the Two-Ocean War

Pearl S. Buck and the Forgotten Holocaust of the Two-Ocean War

Author(s): Valeria Gennero / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2014

During the Second World War, Pearl S. Buck was both a successful novelist and an influential political organizer, involved in well-known campaigns against racism and imperialism. In January 1942 she published “Dragon Seed”, a novel which described the Japanese sack of Nanking in 1937 and engaged the issues of nationalism and male violence from a gendered perspective. Buck wrote the novel before the United States entered the war: she hoped to promote American awareness of the Chinese fight for freedom, knowing that the tragic events which took place in Nanking after the fall of the city were virtually unknown in the United States. I argue that, despite its original propagandistic intent, “Dragon Seed” succeeds—as Buck’s novels often do—in problematizing the notion of national identity, foregrounding the sexual politics of war.

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Visőes De Além-Mar: A compreensăo das identidades culturais latino-american e brasileira pela literatura e pelo teatro

Visőes De Além-Mar: A compreensăo das identidades culturais latino-american e brasileira pela literatura e pelo teatro

Author(s): Elizabete Sanches Rocha / Language(s): Portuguese Issue: 1/2016

In order to fully understand the complexity of the paths of Latin American (post-Columbian) identity formation—a process born out of the first violent encounter with the European Other—it is indispensable to resort to mythologized narratives of origin, most of which are linked to the mysterious, enchanting sea. Such myths have always been the source of inspiration: they would feed the imaginations of those who, well aware of the hazards, would still choose to face the challenge of the sea in order to conquer new lands in search of new treasures. Literature evokes an important reflection about the Latin American identity. Among others, it reveals the importance—and persistence—of the discourse of the ‘subaltern’. Fostered throughout centuries, the ‘subaltern’s’ perseverance manifests itself even today in the unequal relations between the countries of the North and those of the South. Calabar, a drama by Chico Buarque and Ruy Guerra.s, is an example of an aesthetic enterprise to photograph Brazil through the lense of the new conquests: the dictatorship of the Civil-Military Regime of 1964 in Brazil and of the cultural and political dominance of the US over Latin America. The text of the play reveals historical entanglements dating back to the colonial origins of the dominant paradigm of exploitation and thereto related political and cultural scripts. This article attempts to examine the contribution of literary fiction to the process of reflection over the confrontation between the Self and the Other with the ocean as the in-between-space of cultural encounters and dis-counters.

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Peregrinaçőes Transcibernéticas

Peregrinaçőes Transcibernéticas

Author(s): Ricardo Portella de Aguiar / Language(s): Portuguese Issue: 1/2016

The communicational model adopted today is radically different from that practiced in the past centuries. The essential human need for social interaction has been transformed by the use and abuse of the space available to all those who have access to a computer linked to the ‘Big Net’. This space, composed of many Virtual Territories, or Cyberterritories, has been called into existence by diverse, and equally virtual, Communities. Geographically disperse, but interlinked within a powerful system of communications, they all make up the Virtual World. In this world—owing to the development of Information Technology that gave birth to telecommunication networks that connect countless individual devices—multiple forms of language develop among the most astounding groupings of people, often without precise identification or precise location, against the backdrop of a new form of writing inaugurated at the onset of the Cybernetic Era—the Digital Text. The Virtual World—a binary tangle built on cyber artifacts—is home to much knowledge and, at the same time, an object of desire of modern man: simultaneously a figment of human imagination and a space made possible by both the rigidity of protocols and the flexibility of machine languages. A maze hiding a treasure which, in itself, is a portal leading us into other, countless, labyrinths. With the birth of the Virtual World, the familiar, albeit uncanny, experiences of the trans-Atlantic and trans-Pacific peregrinations have become complemented by the experience of the virtual peregrination. We sail the infinite seas—and therein we become lost; bewildered wanderers, we follow vertiginous trails of Language and Technology. Enchroaching upon each of these possible territories within the vast space of the Virtual World, hesitant, perplexed by the plethora of possible choices, we become passive in the face of the immensity of the binary seas. This article addresses the issue of the peregrinations in the boundless territories recognizing no limitations and no subjectivity: territories in which everything that exists—is a metamorphosis.

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Nos Mares Das Traduçőes, Nos Mares Das Traiçőes: Leminski, os diálogos com a cultura estrangeira e questőes de poética e identidade

Nos Mares Das Traduçőes, Nos Mares Das Traiçőes: Leminski, os diálogos com a cultura estrangeira e questőes de poética e identidade

Author(s): Márcio Roberto do Prado / Language(s): Portuguese Issue: 1/2016

When we think of Paulo Leminiski (1944–1989) and of his artistic ‘signature’, it is his peculiar relation with the foreign languages and cultures that comes to the fore as one of the most important aspects of his work: an aspect determining his uniqueness. It manifests itself in his originally conceived translations and in his literary work in general—and, arguably, is traceable back to the wide cultural dialogue, to which Leminski was profoundly committed. His participation in that dialogue would both determine the directions of his development and open new possibilities affecting his artistic production, thus contributing to the establishment of his literary persona that would often, dangerously and provocatively, be confused with his empirical self. This paper aims to offer a panoramic view of some of Leminski’s works in the context of his dialogue with Brazilian Concrete Poetry in order to shed some light upon his lifelong project in terms of his intellectual propositions and their consequences, or, less specifically, his expressive experiences collected throughout his career. In conclusion, the argument underlying this article leads to the (re)affirmation of Leminski’s living art, that, through translations/betrayals of the Other and for the Other, grants one an insight into the nature of Brazilian literature (and especially Brazilian lyrical poetry) of the first half of the 20th century. Leminski’s work provides his reader with an ideal point of departure to understand the cultural legacy of Brazil, whose turbulent history offers lessons that never lose validity.

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Bachtin raz jeszcze
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Bachtin raz jeszcze

Author(s): Zofia Mitosek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 5/2015

Danuta Ulicka, Słowa i ludzie [Words and People], Warsaw 2014

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