Słownictwo kulinarne w chorwackich przysłowiach, porzekadłach, frazeologizmach, przyśpiewkach, formach żargonalnych i ludowych

Author(s): Adrianna Słabińska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 08/2016

Dishes and food products – the way they are made, their complexity, taste and appearance – are all part of culture and tradition that are created by people feasting at the table. While discussing various everyday issues, they also talk about food – they praise it, complain about it and criticize it. Eating meals with friends and family both in everyday situations and on special occasions creates a special mood. It creates an occasion for confessions, advice, jokes, memories and reflections about life. Various sayings and proverbs, which enrich the culture of a given country or region are brought to life on these occasions. Croatia is not an exception in this regard. Many proverbs and sayings connected with local culinary traditions exist in Croatian. Some of them are known widely throughout the country, others only in certain territories. Numerous proverbs are known throughout Croatia, albeit with a slightly changed imagery. The proverbs presented in my article are found in a dictionary by Josip Kekez, a renowned Croatian paremiologist. It is worth noting that they comprise selected material, which does not cover information present in internet dictionaries. Further in the paper I describe regional proverbs and songs, which are an important element presenting the diversity of Croatian dialects. Each Croatian phrase is accompanied by my Polish translation, which clarifies its meaning. Additionally, I quote other language variants like jargonisms and foreign lexis in culinary vocabulary with a view to present the extraordinary abundance and diversity of Croatian culinary lexis.

Театърът на Радко Радков. История, памет, интерпретации. Теофанó

Author(s): Galia Simeonova-Konach / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2017

The article is dedicated to the problems of historical drama, one of the ways of interpreting the past. The study is placed in the context of the sociology of culture and the historical memory of society, with a focus on the transposition and the symbolical representation of the history of Byzantium and the Second Bulgarian Kingdom (1181 – 1396) in literature. The subject of the analysis are the works of the Bulgarian poet and playwright Radko Radkov (1940 – 2009), above all his play Theophano, written in the convention of classical drama in verse and the so-called ritual drama, according to the title of the author, a synthesis of text borrowed from Old Bulgarian Literature, and Byzantine hymnograohy, inspired visually by the images of the Middle Age Miniatures included in Codex Vaticanus Slav II. The historical theme in the work of Radko Radkov is substantially different from the interpretation of the Bulgarian history of other Bulgarian writers of the second half of the 20th Century, by which the author is opposing the ideological constructs of the official authorities during this period. The playwright has found semiotic and stylistic devices that recreate the classical past of the people, the orthodox Christianity and culture in the universal perspective of the Byzantine Commonwealth, and artistically voice his historiosophic views concerning Bulgarian national history and the Byzantine-Bulgarian cultural community. The paper analyses the tribulations of the performance of Theophano, staged in Bulgaria by the French Director Pierre Della Torre, who sees in the poetic world of Radko Radkov “the monumental force of the masters of French theatre, Racine and Corneille“.

Словоредните различия между българския и руския език – източник на синтактична интерференция

Author(s): Elena Hadjieva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2017

The word order of Bulgarian sentence has common general principles with the other Slavic languages, but is also characterized by its specific features. Reflecting the logical criteria of thinking the word order is one of the most stable features of linguistic reality. The article discusses the reasons for the difficulty in mastering the Bulgarian word order features by foreigners – native Russianс. It is emphasized that tha unsufficient knowledge of the foreign language system on the one hand, and the intervention of native-language habit, on the other hand, are the factors that shape this interference phenomenon characterized by significant stability and consistency in the practice of language learners. The process is further complicated when learning a foreign language system is akin significant number of linguistic phenomena and categories overlap in the native and the foreign language, and regarding to the other – there are no structural equivalents. The learning of word order features of the target language is a prerequisite for building a good linguistic competence and thus follows the formation of communicative ability in learners, that is the main purpose of foreign language learning.

Трансфер и интерференция при изучаването на български език като чужд от славяни

Author(s): Elena Krejčová / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2017

The linguistic phenomena we encounter in teaching Bulgarian as a foreign language are focused not only on the field of psycholinguistics, but also to the vast field of applied linguistics and linguistic pragmatics. Having on mind the genetic proximity between Slavic languages and the specific difficulties in studying them, we focus our attention on a not so typical linguistic interference, namely between very close – Slavic – languages, one of them is a mother, first language. In the proces of teaching of Bulgarian as a foreign language of Slavs even greater role has the comparative and confrontational analysis, because the aim is to highlight the differences between Bulgarian and other closely related languages that can be a prerequisite for any errors, distortions arising from language contacts observed by us in this specific psycholinguistic situation. The text reflects the problems of tranfer and interference between Czech and Bulgarian in the proces of their study. There are some defenitions of the proces of transfer and interference from psycholinguistical point of view and then language material with examples of the interference in the process of translation.

Expérience et avenir du structuralisme

Author(s): Tomáš Hoskovec / Language(s): French Issue: 3/2017

Incidențe lingvistice și culturale comune româno- hispano/ britanice

Author(s): Adrian Damșescu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2019

As it can be observed from the title, the study tries to analyze the linguistic and cultural coincidences that exist between Romanian language and culture on one hand and the two important languages of the world cultures: English/ British and Spanish/ Hispanic, on the other hand. The study is structured in two chapters, the first one dedicated to the linguistic analysis, while the second one focuses on the cultural study.

La metafora nella Lingua dei Segni

Author(s): Martina Granata / Language(s): Italian Issue: 1/2018

The article deals with a characteristic of sign language and especially of Italian Sign Language (ISL): metaphoricity and the consequent semantic indeterminacy that a sign can have. The oscillation of the meaning of a word in the oral language gives rise to the metaphorical phenomenon. The same is true of Italian sign language which, influenced by the culture of oral language, takes and makes its own everyday metaphors; an example is the expression “parlare a macchinetta” metaphorized in ISL as “segnare motore”, where the four formative parameters and the contributing facial expressions are combined to represent the metaphor. These extensions of meaning are a physiological fact of life of a language used daily and serve for greater expressiveness. The metaphor is, therefore, a mechanism that structures the linguistic activity, both for vocal languages and sign languages.

Représentations linguistiques des langues vivantes étrangères et de leur apprentissage. Résultats du passage du questionnaire de pré-enquête

Author(s): Mihaela-Gabriela Ene / Language(s): French Issue: 2/2017

Our contribution focuses on the study of linguistic representations of Romanian high school students. Our study group comprised 29 Romanian high school students in the final year of studies at “Mihai Eminescu” National College in Bucharest, 24 girls and 5 boys. We offered them a questionnaire in the sociolinguistic pre-survey stage and this article focuses on the interpretation of the results. First of all we will talk about the tradition of French-Romanian relations in time and Romanian education system, in order to shed light on the sources of representation of France and French language, which will allow us to interpret the questionnaires administered to the Romanian students.

INTERCULTURAL HUMOR: A BRIDGE OR A GAP BETWEEN CIVILIZATIONS?

Author(s): Andrei-Lucian Marian / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 38/2024

This paper explores the complexity of intercultural humor, highlighting the challenges and opportunities it presents in an increasingly globalized world. Although humor is often considered a universal language, its ability to transcend cultural boundaries is limited by linguistic, social, and cultural differences. The study examines barriers that sometimes impede the understanding and appreciation of humor across different cultures, such as wordplay, cultural references, stereotypes, and the interpretation of various life situations. Additionally, concrete examples of intercultural humor are presented, including international adaptations of comedy series, slapstick humor, and the use of ethnic stereotypes, which demonstrate both commonalities and fundamental differences between cultures. Despite some barriers, intercultural humor can serve as a bridge between people, offering new perspectives and a deeper understanding of cultural diversity. The ability to navigate the complexities of intercultural humor is essential for effective communication and for building harmonious relationships between the world's diverse cultures.

A GENERAL CONVERSATION ON CONLANGS

Author(s): Ștefan Ghiran / Language(s): English Issue: 38/2024

Constructed languages seem to be what J.R.R. Tolkien names “A Secret Vice” of humanity and have been with us in one form of another for a long time. At the hight of the 19th century the fascination was with finding a universal language, but today they seem to be more prominent due to the media promoting them and at the same time they go unnoticed. Many language creators applied their craft to enrich fictional worlds, their own or otherwise, and in doing so managed to transform this “vice” into an artform where the prefix “art” in “artlang” stands for artistic, no longer for artificial. This article aims to present the history of artificial languages, some of the characteristics that might make such a language successful and attempts to follow the shift from understanding and using language creation as a tool in its previous stages to the artform it is today by combining elements of general linguistics with examples from various crafted languages.

ISSUES RELATED TO ADAPTATION OF NORMS ON PROPER SPEECH STYLES: THE CASE OF CHURCH DISCOURSES

Author(s): Evalda Paci / Language(s): English Issue: 02/2023

There is a substantially increased attention in recent decades to the most specific speech forms, which does directly include language and usages in texts and collections from close fields of culture and book writing; moreover, certain changes do simultaneously affect the restoration of relevant practices that many years ago were more common in our country. A rich tradition has appeared in early periods by authors who collected models related to contemporary developments, reforms in the field of reading, ecclesial and lithurgical culture followed centuries later by other developments, which were and remain utterly positive, both in their momentum and orientation.

ЕЗИКЪТ НА СБОРНИКА „ЦЪРКОВЕН ЦВЕТНИК“ НА ИВАН Н. МОМЧИЛОВ (Фонетични особености)

Author(s): Ivo Bratanov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 23/2024

The report highlights the most significant phonetic features of the language used by the renowned leader of the Bulgarian National Revival Ivan N. Momchilov in his collection “Tsarkoven tsvetnik” (“Liturgical Anthology”), published by “Knigoprodavnitsa Momchilov & Co.” in 1869. The report features the most distinctive language structures, which offer the Renaissance writer a wide range of options.

РЕЧНИКЪТ НА ПЕРКУ ДУПЦА – МАЛКО ИЗВЕСТЕН ИЗВОР ЗА ЛЕКСИКАТА НА БАНАТСКИЯ ГОВОР

Author(s): Magdalena Abadzhieva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 23/2024

The article examines for the first time the Dictionary of Perku Duptsa, entitled “The vocabulary of the Banat dialect. Supplement” (2004). The author lived in the city of Vinga, Romanian Banat. Perku Duptsa was editing Stoyko Stoykov’s fundamental study “The Vocabulary of the Banat dialect”. The dictionary of Perku Duptsa has not been studied so far and proves the efforts of the Banat Bulgarians to preserve their written heritage and find agreement on a common spelling.

Die Etymologie einiger rumänischer Fischnamen

Author(s): Corinna Leschber / Language(s): German Issue: 2/2024

Southeast-European fish exploitation began in ancient times, probably in the Mesolithic, as evidenced by numerous ritual objects depicting fish. Later, it was a common subsistence strategy for the Neolithic population of the area. Zooarchaeological, archaeomythological, and historical linguistic data help analyze the etymologies of some Romanian fish names. Some can be linked etymologically to fish names in modern Slavic languages. In addition, some can be linked with fish names from the surrounding areas, or with old Common Slavic fish names. As for the inventory of these old Slavic fish names, a certain feature is prominent: the lack of Proto-Slavic names for saltwater fishes. This fact allows us to locate the ancient settling places of Proto-Slavic speakers distant from the shores of the saltwater sea, in a continentally area on the shores of rivers and lakes (Филин / Filin 1962: 117-118). The etymology of the designation *ryba ‘fish’ in Proto-Slavic is not easy to determine: several etymological attempts have been made, as shown in Blažek (2021). We aim here to shed some more light on the etymologies of Romanian fish names, which have a high level of phonetic variability, based on lexicographical data from (Antipa 1909, Коломиец / Kolomiec 1983, Vinja 1986 and Усачева / Usacheva 2003).

On the Turkish Origin of an Obsolete and Rare Bulgarian Word

Author(s): Hristina Deykova / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2024

The object of analysis in this work is the origin of a rare Bulgarian word with emotional-evaluative semantics, which has been documented in writing from the late 19th century. Various phonetic, word-forming and semantic variants are found in the available sources: хългіз, хългізин, хілгізник, хългàзник, etc. The explanations of the word from S. Mladenov (1920) and A. Nichev (1979) are, in our opinion, unsatisfactory. The former points to a Slavic origin of the word, while the latter defines it as a Spanish word that entered Bulgarian through Judeo-Spanish. The article proposes a new etymological hypothesis, according to which the word is a loanword from the Turkish language. In contrast to the previous two etymological attempts, all formal variants are explained here, with the semantic diffuseness rooted in the peculiarities of the emotional or expressive vocabulary. The broad position of Turkisms in this layer of vocabulary in the Bulgarian language is also taken into account.

Ancient Greek Loanwords in Albanian: What Do We Know and What Remains to Be Done?

Author(s): Gerard Spaans / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2024

Most of our knowledge about the Southern Balkans in Antiquity stems directly from Ancient Greek records, so our perspective on the historical situation in this area is highly Hellenistic. The ancestors of the Albanians must have lived among the Southern Balkan tribes, since their language seems to have borrowed some agricultural terminology from Ancient Greek. Studying these approximately 20-40 loanwords can yield a different perspective on the language contact scenario in question. This paper sums up the discussion of 19 suggested Ancient Greek borrowings in Albanian, and is meant as an aid and stimulus for further research into the matter.

JEZIČKE KARAKTERISTIKE KULENOVIĆEVE PRIPOVIJETKE STARAC I DIJETE

Author(s): Vedad Mulavdić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 19/2024

Scholars of Skender Kulenović's literary work have long noticed the special importance that the writer places on language. It is not without reason that some of them have called him a "miner" or "wizard" of language. Although the linguistic beauty of Kulenović's expression was initially most often observed in poetry - sonnets and poems above all - his narrative work is no less interesting from a linguistic aspect. This paper will discuss the linguistic characteristics of the story The Old Man and the Child, which belongs to the post-war period of Kulenović's literary work. A poignant and emotional theme had to be told in a special and condensed linguistic expression that reflects not only the ambience of the place and time of the story, but also the complex psychology of the characters, in the presentation of which speech characterization plays an unusually significant role. In this story, linguistic expression spreads in several directions, which proves that literature is primarily a linguistic art, and Kulenović is a writer who knows not only the basic tone, but also the numerous nuances of our language.

EXPLORING THE CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES OF LEARNING ROMANIAN AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE: A QUALITATIVE STUDY

Author(s): Aurora - Tatiana Dina / Language(s): English Issue: 40/2025

This qualitative research aims to explore the experiences of 50 international students who ran into issues like the complexity of grammar, distinction in pronunciation, and scarce chances to use the language. Many learners mentioned problems with grammar, stating that Romanian grammar is rather complicated, especially the verb conjugation and the noun declension as compared to other languages they had learned. Pronunciation and Phonetics were another area of concern to the students. They also reported problems in trying to replicate certain sounds and tonal patterns, which made them tense when they could not comprehend spoken Romanian in real life. Availability of practice out of class was seen as another important problem; a large number of learners had problems finding language partners or other ways to expose themselves to the language, which limited their accuracy when learning the language. On the other hand, the use of technology in language learning was seen as an advantage. Students liked the game-like features of language apps and online platforms and the variety of ways they could learn according to their learning preferences. Such tools also offered flexibility and convenience that helped the learners learn at their own pace, which in turn increased their participation and interest in the course. In conclusion, this study reveals the multiple and interconnected challenges and possibilities of learning Romanian as a foreign language. As such, a holistic, student-centered approach is recommended to address these challenges to make the learning process more appealing and productive for the students and also to incorporate intercultural awareness in educational practices.

ZOOMING IN ON BUSINESS PHRASAL VERBS

Author(s): Andreea Iliescu / Language(s): English Issue: 40/2025

The paper brings forth a series of business English phrasal verbs, aimed at raising students’ awareness of how pivotal they are to business communication. Developing vocabulary skills is a never-ending task, and it may come as a challenge when sifting through endless notes of dictionary explanations. However, providing English learners with a wealth of details on both meaning and sentence formation, dictionaries are, indeed, designed to better equip them when embarked on a linguistic journey.

Синтаксис и семантика глагольного реципрока на -ш в терском диалекте кумыкского языка

Author(s): Anastasija I. Gruzdeva / Language(s): Russian Issue: 03 (54)/2024

This paper addresses syntax and semantics of the reciprocal marker -š in the Terek dialect of Kumyk, a Turkic language of the Kipchak group. The study is based on data collected by the author during the expedition to the village Predgornoje in the Republic of North Ossetia — Alania in August 2022, 2023. In the grammar [Gadžiahmedov et al. 2014] describing Standard Kumyk, which is based on Dagestan dialects, the suffix -š is regarded as a marker of the so called ‘‘mutual-collective voice’’. In this paper, I look into possible meanings of the suffix -š using several base verbs, and I propose a different classification in line with modern typological terminology conventions. In the idiom in question, unlike in many other Turkic languages, this affix is currently unproductive. During elicitation, only few lexicalized derivates turned out to be possible, some of them have lost their base verbs and are not used without the suffix. Most -šderivates (but not all of them) have reciprocal semantics, sociative interpretations are possible in a very limited number of derivates in Terek Kumyk. I also came across depatientive and assistive interpretations, as well as derivates whose semantics does not seem to be compositional at all. Syntactically, -š-derivates combine with a plural subject, which can be realized either via plural NP, combination of a nominative argument with a comitative argument, or NP coordination with help of da ‘and’. This study addresses the syntactic position of the comitative argument in such clauses. As my tests show, two configurations are possible: the comitative NP can be contained in either the nominative NP or the VP. However, the “comitative NP + nominative NP” word order only allows for the comitative argument to be included in the VP.