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Aspecte ale enunţării poetice

Author(s): Beatrice Diana Burcea / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 2/2018

In recent years, the links established between literature and linguistics create the prerequisites for the pragmatic reception of the postmodern texts of poetry. In the present study, we propose to present the aspects of the poetic enunciation that are influenced by the innovations in the postmodern Romanian poetry. In the research, we will take into account the specific elements of the phenomenon with a special impact in the analysis of the postmodern poetic discourse: deixis, anaphora, speech acts. The declarative and communicative strategies have fostered an interdisciplinary understanding of the postmodern poetic text.

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Decizii gramaticale şi etimologice discutabile ale Academiei Române

Author(s): Adrian Damșescu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 2/2018

The article has two parts: one dedicated to present different debatable decisions taken in the grammar of the Romanian Language that complicate it, increasing the difficulty level in her understanding and learning, the second is about etymology. Regarding orthography, is well known the controversy of the last decision in using „î” and „â”, as a result of it are written with „î” words as „ânger” („angel”) and with „â” other ones like „a rîde”, „rîu”, „rîpă”. This last rule came as a consequence of a longer row of debatable decisions on the subject and probably the situation was now different if from the beginning would win the partisans of the graphic redaction of altered vowels by primitive ones with a small particular sign, what would make the language more logic, more regular, more similar with the rest of Europeans languages. I think there is no doubt about the controversy of those decisions; nevertheless Romanian Academy strongly fight against forms that she consider incorrect, unlike the Spanish one (Spanish language = „the bigger sister” of Romanian, the most important Romanic language) who’s limiting herself in observing that some forms are erroneous (for example that some verbs, as „reír” or „morir”, should not to be reflexive), without combating, in order to make disappear, that form.

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Neologismele semantice în presa actuală

Author(s): Elena Museanu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 2/2018

Neologisms have steadily entered the common language thanks especially to the written and audiovisual Romanian press. The concept of neologism has certainly a complex structure and it cannot be described by reducing it to the label “lexical novelty”. Neological lexical items are a problem of culture and a condition of culture. Thanks especially to the sources they come from, the neologisms existing in the Romanian language, beyond the fact that they are extremely numerous, they are also extremely varied. Thus, thanks to neologisms not only the modernization of the Romanian vocabulary developed, but also its re-Latinization, Westernization and its re-Romanization, while gaining some international traits, aspects that place Romanian much closer to the most important languages of Europe's culture. Semantic neologisms, also known as neological semantisms are an extremely interesting category. Through this phenomenon of the borrowing of meaning, which is frequently produced in the contemporary Romanian language, words multiply its meanings according to the model of French, German, Italian terms origin or, more recently, English.

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Enquête sociolinguistique menée auprès de lycéens. Le questionnaire

Author(s): Mihaela-Gabriela Ene / Language(s): French Issue: 1/2018

As part of our doctoral research, we're analyzing the linguistic representations of young Romanian learners on the French language and its learning. In this article, we propose to highlight the first stage of the sociolinguistic survey, the pre-survey. We have designed a questionnaire, taking into account relevant parameters, such as social background, school environment, personal history, attitudes and beliefs about France and the French language. Then, we conducted the questionnaire with two groups of learners.

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ENGLISH MEDICAL ONYMS BETWEEN POLAND’S SYNDROME AND STOCKHOLM SYNDROME

Author(s): Floriana Popescu / Language(s): English Issue: 38/2024

Elements of the English medical nomenclature have been investigated and described from different perspectives for at least a century. Of the varied classes of terms and words, eponyms have most often been analysed and commented upon either in a positive or negative manner. Although eponyms have stirred either curiosity, admiration or bitter criticism because of more or less arguable reasons, toponyms in the medical nomenclature have most often found themselves in an opposite position. They have hardly drawn the interest of medical terminologists and never created controversies of an ethical, deontological or any other nature. Only a few locals protested now and then for the negative popularity and impact upon tourism if the local name of their business were attached to any disorder or disease. This paper is devoted to English medical toponymisms and some of their linguistic aspects. Through our minute research and preoccupations, a few useful and relevant conclusions were reached.

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Exploring Linguistic Strategies in Romanian Clickbait Headlines: Communication Tactics in Online Media

Author(s): Marcela Fărcaşiu,Vasile Gherheş / Language(s): English Issue: 23/2024

This study investigates the communication tactics embedded in clickbait headlines found in Romanian online media, by linguistically analysing a corpus of 80 headlines sourced from the Libertatea newspaper. It identifies key strategies such as the use of questions, numbers and dramatic language, all crafted to provoke curiosity and evoke emotional reactions from readers. By examining these linguistic techniques, the paper sheds light on the manipulative structures that drive digital engagement through clickbait in Romania. Furthermore, the findings provide a foundation for developing more advanced algorithms for clickbait detection and emphasise the critical need to understand how these strategies affect the credibility and quality of online journalism.

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THE FUNCTIONAL AND ARTISTIC DIMENSIONS OF CONSTRUCTED LANGUAGES: FROM ESPERANTO TO NA’VI, KLINGON, AND TOLKIEN’S ELVISH LANGUAGES

Author(s): Bettina Ene / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2024

THIS PAPER DELVES INTO THE WORLD OF CONSTRUCTED LANGUAGES, TRACING THEIR ORIGINS, FUNCTIONS, AND CULTURAL SIGNIFICANCE. OUR INQUIRY FOCUSES ON THE PURPOSES AND CHALLENGES THEREROF, CONSIDERING BOTH THEIR PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS AND ARTISTIC ALLURE. A KEY COMPONENT OF THE DISCUSSION IS A COMPARISON BETWEEN ESPERANTO — DESIGNED TO PROMOTE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNICATION — WITH THE CINEMATIC LANGUAGES NA’VI AND KLINGON FEATURED IN “AVATAR“ AND “STAR TREK”. THE STUDY ALSO EXPLORES ICONIC LITERARY LANGUAGES, SUCH AS J.R.R. TOLKIEN’S ELVISH LANGUAGES, QUENYA AND SINDARIN, AND THEIR INFLUENCE ON LITERATURE AND LINGUISTICS. ADDITIONALLY, THE CINEMATIC LANGUAGES NA’VI AND KLINGON ARE EXAMINED WITHIN THE CONTEXT OF THEIR RESPECTIVE MEDIA PRODUCTIONS. WHILE CONSTRUCTED LANGUAGES ARE OFTEN ENCOUNTERED IN FICTIONAL SETTINGS, THEY SERVE DIVERSE FUNCTIONS, RANGING FROM INTERNATIONAL COMMUNICATION TO ARTISTIC EXPRESSION. THE STUDY CONCLUDES THAT THE ANALYSIS OF CONSTRUCTED LANGUAGES OFFERS INTRIGUING ACADEMIC PERSPECTIVES AND HOLDS SIGNIFICANT SCHOLARLY RELEVANCE, PARTICULARLY IN UNDERSTANDING THEIR INTEGRATION INTO VARIOUS CINEMATIC PROJECTS.

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Les rudiments de polonais ancien dans les registres de justice

Author(s): Maria Trawińska / Language(s): French Issue: 2/2021

The article examines medieval court books written in 1386-1500. They included files examined by territorial courts, which represented the state noble court. 90 manuscripts have been preserved from this period. They are Latin-Polish monuments, in which Latin predominates. The books contain very rich linguistic and historical material. Based on them, we can observe how the process of forming Polish orthography proceeded, which consisted in adapting the Latin alphabet to the phonetic needs of the Polish language. The unusual abundance of onomastic material allows us to trace the formation of the binomial naming system of people, which was a long and complicated process. The very rich and diverse legal vocabulary contained here reflects the penetration of Latin terminology (derived from Roman ius civile) into Polish legal vocabulary and illustrates the formation of statutory law in Poland. The Latin-Polish character of the books shows the correlation of these languages. Often the content expressed in Latin was written in Polish. Polish words were inserted into Latin sentences or Polish sentences ended in Latin. The court books are still not fully completed, even though they contain the largest collection of lexicon from the late 14th - 15th centuries. In order for all the materials to become accessible to a wider group of researchers, their highly authoritative editing is necessary.

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METALIMBAJUL LITERAR ŞI LEXICOGRAFIA LA PROFESORUL ION MANOLI

Author(s): Victor Untila / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2023

Dictionary of Literary Terms: Etymology. Definition. Exemplification. Theory. Chisinau: ULIM (Print - Caro), 2022 – 608 pages, elaborated with much dedication and commitment by Professor Dr. hab. ULIM, Ion Manoli, a dictionary that marks the dimensions and importance of this part of the so-called 'literary' metalanguage. The title of the afterword is eloquent: 'Rhetoric is dead, long live rhetoric.' Mentioning the great names of researchers who have conducted studies in the field: Gérard Genette, Jean Cohen, Jean-Marie Klinkenberg, Roland Barthes, etc., we thus arrive at the relationships between rhetoric and literature. These two microstudies by Mr. Dorel Fînaru constitute a theoretical and laudatory contribution to this great lexicographical work.

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Лингвистични характеристики на устния дискурс в политическата сатира (наблюдения върху видеоблог във Фейсбук)

Author(s): Silvena Stavreva-Dorostolska / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 1/2024

The processes of transformation and affirmation of new forms in oral communication have been very intense in the last decade. Social networks have provided a platform for sharing not only written but also audio-visual outputs. The popularity of the vlogs quickly grew, and some of their creators acquired the status of influencers. A current phenomenon on Facebook is the political satire video blog of the Bulgarian journalist, public figure and inspirer of various volunteer initiatives, Tatiana Christy. The present article analyzes some modern linguistic features of oral discourse that appear in Christy’s clips. The paths through which political satire moves from press, stage and cinema to the social network in the form of short videos are traced, exploring the establishment of new genre boundaries. The audience’s perceptual transformations are also an object of analysis.

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Vocabularul deţinătorilor puterii suverane din timpul crizei de la mijlocul veacului al III-lea în breuiaria istoriografice latine târzii

Author(s): Cozmin-Valerian Broşteanu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: LII/2023

This study capitalizes information referring to the crisis from the middle IIIrd century that originates from a category of Latin sources neglected by historians, namely the Latin historiographical breuiaria written in the second half of the IVth century: Historiae abbreuiatae (Liber de Caesaribus) by Sextus Aurelius Victor, Breuiarium ab Urbe condita by Flavius Eutropius, Breuiarium rerum gestarum populi Romani written by Rufius Festus, and Epitome de Caesaribus which is attributed to an unknown author, generically called Pseudo-Aurelius Victor. Despite the fact that they are operas with a reduced content, they painted concisely different aspects of the Roman history, including the crisis timeline. Thus, we set out to identify and analyze the terms used by the breviators in order to point towards the owners of the sovereign powers during the time of the crisis. More specifically, it is about terms such as Augustus, Caesar, imperator, princeps, dominus and rector. Basing our efforts on a comparison between their incidence within the period before and after the crisis, we will try to outline particular aspects of the use of these appellations for the time of crisis.

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How to do things with words in Judaism

Author(s): Amir Mashiach / Language(s): English Issue: 64/2023

This article aims to investigate Verbal language in the relationship between man and man and compare it to that between man and God, according to Halakha. I will focus on these two categories, in particular in issues dealing with Proprietary rights. Does Verbal language have any binding in Halakha? Can Verbal language create an actual contract between man and man or between man and God? I will make use of the theories of John Austin in his book How To Make Things With Words. I'll show that in Israeli Law, Verbal language indeed creates a new legal status. However, according to Halakha, dealing with the relationship between man and man, Verbal language has no legal binding. One must perform a physical deed such as moving or lifting the object, in order to create a commitment. According to Halakha, pertaining to the relationship between man and God, there is a tremendous significance to Verbal language. In such a way Austin would define it as a Performative Speech act. In order to explain the difference between the two categories, I'll turn to the idealistic philosophy of Fichte, who defined two concepts of the "Self": the realistic Self and the idealistic one. Accordingly, I'll show the dichotomy of the Performative Speech act in Halakha.

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FLORISTIC LIST AND ETYMOLOGICAL COMMENTS BASED ON CASES OF FOLK PLANT ETYMOLOGY

Author(s): Andrei-Ionuț Popa / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 39/2024

The aim of this article is to present, in the form of a floristic inventory, cases of phytonyms resulted by folk etymology, how the phytonymic terms are transparent from the perspective of the theory of the linguistic sign motivation and how they are related to the extralinguistic, how the individual creations manage to spread on a more or less restricted territory.

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GRAMATIČKE I ZNAČENJSKE OSOBITOSTI POTVRDNO-NEGACIJSKIH PITANJA U SASTAVU INFINITNIH IMENSKIH SKUPINA U SAVREMENOME TURSKOM JEZIKU

Author(s): Edina Solak,Mirza Bašić,Merjema Čavalić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 19/2024

This paper analyzes grammatical and semantic features of Turkish interrogative infinitive noun phrases containing polar questions. The primary aim of the paper is to determine, based on contextual examples, how root interrogative sentences containing neutral and focused polar questions are transformed into infinitive noun phrases through the process of nominalization. In the contrastive analysis, Turkish interrogative infinitive noun phrases with neutral and focused polar questions are compared with semantically similar syntactic structures in Bosnian language.

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SÜHEYL Ü NEV-BAHÂR’DA Kİ/KİM BAĞLAMA EDATININ KULLANIMI

Author(s): Hami Akman / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 65/2025

In this study, the use of the linking preposition ki/kim in Süheyl ü Nev-bahâr is analysed based on our doctoral thesis. The most important feature of the sentences formed with these linking prepositions is that the main sentence is at the beginning and the auxiliary sentence is at the end, contrary to the rule of Turkish that the main sentence is at the end and the auxiliary sentence is at the beginning. In Süheyl ü Nev-bahâr, the auxiliary clause is usually connected to the main clause as object, adverb, place complement and subject. These elements in the main clause are sometimes qualified by the auxiliary clause. It is also noteworthy that the auxiliary clause consists of dependent clauses formed with other linking prepositions, conditional or prepositional compound sentences, and sequential sentences. In these dependent clauses, the use of the connecting prepositions ki/kim in the function of the ellipsis in today's Turkey Turkish, i.e. in the function of explanation, is also frequently encountered.

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Tarminio suvokimo kiekybinė patikra Kauno marių apylinkėse

Author(s): Žydrūnas Šidlauskas / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 19/2024

The article analyses two poles of dialectal data: the subjective one (emic) and the objective one (etic). 50 hours of recorded interviews with 52 inhabitants who were evicted from the Nẽmunas valley in the 1950s when the Kaũnas Hydroelectric Power Plant was being built (the Kaũnas Lagoon was formed by flooding the Nẽmunas Valley) are analysed. The article quantitatively reveals the overlap (or no overlap) of data regarding informants, ordinary members of the language community, dialectal perception (emic) and objective (etic) data. This goal was achieved in three steps: 1) based on the features of the reconstructed local dialectal variant of the flooded settlements of the Kaũnas Lagoon, indicators of the dialecticism of the informants were determined; 2) having structured the dialectal perception responses, a quantitative model of dialect awareness was created; 3) having established the correlation between the emic and etic data, an examination of the dialectal perception and the actual usage was carried out on a vertical and horizontal continuum. The collected data shows that the language of the interviewed inhabitants is characterised by the features of the dialectal variant of the southeastern part of Western Aukštaitian of Kaũnas (Priedzūkis); however, only a part of the population considers themselves to be representatives of a dialect. The quantitatively measured level of dialecticism also varies (especially due to intermittent usage). When these indicators of dialecticism were compared with the categorised dialectal perception data, a (paradoxical) reality was determined: there is a mismatch between dialectal perception and actual usage. The mismatch results due to a variety of reasons, one of which is education: informants that have obtained higher education have a better knowledge of the dialect and/or admit it more readily (however, their language is not more dialectal).

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Viešieji Vilniaus užrašai: kalbos ir tipai

Author(s): Inga Daraškienė / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 19/2024

This article introduces the results of Vilnius’s linguistic landscape research. The analysis focuses on which signs make up the linguistic landscape of Vilnius and which languages are used on the signage. The study material consists of 2,442 public and private signs collected from various neighborhoods in Vilnius in 2020, March-October. The research employs quantitative statistical descriptive analysis and qualitative content analysis. The data shows that 76% of all signs include Lithuanian: 49% are monolingual Lithuanian, and 27% are multilingual with Lithuanian. The remaining 24% of signs use other foreign languages. Lithuanian is used in all types of signs, and the only monolingual Lithuanian signs are road signs and street names, apart from decorative plaques with foreign languages on them. Lithuanian is the first language in most multilingual signs, followed by other foreign languages. This language pattern is usually seen on commercial establishments or public institution signage, such as opening hours or services provided. Multilingual signs where Lithuanian is not the first language account for 8.3% of all Vilnius signs analyzed in this study. English-Lithuanian is the most frequent language pattern in these signs. If Lithuanian is not the first language used on a sign, the most common language model is English-Lithuanian, and mostly bilingual English-Lithuanian signs are names of establishments. Research shows that the first foreign language used in a sign does not always play a stronger communicative function, as it may be used because of its symbolic power. The analysis of monolingual signs in foreign languages shows that the most significant proportion of such signs are stickers, shop signs, and graffiti, and the most common languages are English, Russian, Italian, German, French, Latin, and Latin.

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Pagrindiniai mėlynos spalvos pavadinimai lenkų ir lietuvių kalbose: prototipai ir konotacijos

Author(s): Viktorija Ušinskienė / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 2/2024

The article presents the results of the contrastive semantic analysis of the main Polish and Lithuanian blueness names. The aim is to compare the collocability of color names with names of various objects and phenomena including the identification of the prototype references and connotative meanings. The research shows that the categorization of the blue spectrum is more complicated in the Polish language: in the Lithuanian language, blueness corresponds to two main names – mėlynas and žydras, while in Polish, in addition to the two basic terms niebieski ‘blue’ and błękitny ‘light blue’, the special name granatowy ‘very dark blue (almost black)’ and poetic modry ʻintense blue’ are widely used. The last two words have no direct equivalents in the Lithuanian language. The difference in linguistic categorization creates certain difficulties in translating assigned contexts from Polish to Lithuanian. In terms of synchronicity, the semantic prototype of the main Polish (niebieski / błękitny) and Lithuanian (mėlynas / žydras) terms can be considered sky, although etymologically, such a nominative model characterizes only the Polish niebieski < niebo ʻsky’. According to the primary semantics, the Polish term corresponds to the Lithuanian dangiškas < dangus ‘sky’, but it does not belong to the main names of this color. The prototype of the Polish side name siny is not a natural phenomenon, but an area of the human body that has turned blue due to cold, anger or a beating. In the Lithuanian language, in this case, the semantically close forms of the participles pamėlęs, pamėlynavęs or the main term mėlynas are used. The connotative meanings of the main names of blueness, such as ʻdistant, endless’, ‘being in heaven’, ‘divine, excellent’ have been identified for both languages. The latter meanings are characteristic of one of the main Polish terms – niebieski, and in the Lithuanian language it corresponds to the secondary, less frequently used name for blueness – dangiškas. The connotation ‘homosexual’ (žydras) occurs only in the Lithuanian language.

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Diagnosing Kazym Khanty unpossessives, or how to tell a synchronically independent marker from its diachronic source

Author(s): Stiopa Mikhailov / Language(s): English Issue: 04 (55)/2024

Uralic possessive agreement suffixes often develop determiner-like functions. Several authors have suggested monosemic analyses of such functions as derived from the basic possessive meaning. However, recent studies have argued that the functions they investigate must be treated as synchronically independent markers because they do not behave morphosyntactically in the same way that their corresponding proper possessives do. Building on the work of my predecessors, I develop several unpossessive diagnostics to test whether a non-possessive function displays the same behavior as the proper possessive function of the same exponent with respect to several morphophonological, morphosyntactic, semantic, and pragmatic parameters. I apply these diagnostics to the Kazym Khanty second-person singular possessive -en/-an in its three non-possessive functions. I argue that these functions must be treated as three distinct unpossessive markers: the associative possessive, the salient article, and the proprial article. These markers are homonymous with the proper possessive but are synchronically independent from it. Furthermore, I develop an analysis of these markers within the framework of Distributed Morphology, which allows us to model their differences while also accounting for their similarities. I address some potential weaknesses of this analysis, justifying them by appealing to how grammaticalization processes normally work. The approach to nonpossessive functions of possessives presented in this paper should be applied to data from other languages that feature extended possessives.

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Terminologia medicală din domeniul stomatologiei. Preliminarii teoretice

Author(s): Erika Olga Szanto / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 3/2023

Dental terminology represents a particular discourse of medical terminology of which importance records the evolution and cultural development of the human being. The appearance of terminology in the field of dentistry develops within the terminology of general medicine, so Romanian terms are replaced by terms from the French language starting from the 20th century, while the last decades are under the influence of the English language. The theoretical basis of terminology determines the introduction of new terms into the specialized language with special attention to the efficient communication of specialists and speakers of a language. Terminologists and linguists such as Maria Teresa Cabré, Alain Rey, Angela Bidu-Vrănceanu, Mariana Flaișer, etc. represent some of the well-known names whose research is the foundation of this topic. The current status of dental research shows a low interest in specialized terminology, but it is a first step for its study and development. The researchers' articles represent a scientific foundation for the specialized dental language of this paper.

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