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ФУТБОЛНАТА ЛЕКСИКА В ИНТЕРНЕТ СТАТИИТЕ ЗА СВЕТОВНОТО ПЪРВЕНСТВО В КАТАР

Author(s): Vladimir Dosev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2023

The present study aims to describe the origin of the specific football vocabulary used in the modern Bulgarian media language. The football vocabulary used in internet articles about the World Cup in Qatar 2022 has been studied. Various ways of enriching the football vocabulary and phraseology in the modern Bulgarian language are discussed: lexical loanwords, word-formation and phraseological calques, rethinking of vocabulary already existing in the Bulgarian language. Lexical loanwords from English are the most characteristic way of providing football-specific lexis. Most of the football vocabulary in Bulgarian is borrowed from English, which is also the case in many European languages. The forming of new derivatives from the loan lexis is one of the main ways of providing the necessary football vocabulary. The article explores also the use of metaphorically reinterpreted vocabulary from other semantic fields. The usage of metaphors in the headlines is very characteristic for the Bulgarian articles about football. Language has turned into a powerful marketing tool for the football media. Catchy headlines often prompt the reader to click on the link and to read the whole article. The applied methods of the research are descriptive and discourse analysis. The object are journalistic articles about the Football World Cup published online in November and December 2022.

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CONSIDERATIONS ON FOLK ETYMOLOGY IN DIALECTS

Author(s): Andrei-Ionuț Popa / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 37/2024

The aim of this article is to present samples of the lexical diversity in terms of etymology and semantics that continually appear in the territorial variants of the Romanian language and the lexical mysteries of the regions, the semantic shifts in the dialectal vocabulary caused by folk etymology and the dismemberment of the term adjusted by this process, the phonetic and semantic remodeling produced by [folk etymology], and the conjunctural modification determined by the various associations that folk etymology entails.

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SEMANTIC DISTORSIONS IN TOPONYMY AS RESULT OF FOLK ETYMOLOGY

Author(s): Andrei-Ionuț Popa / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 37/2024

The aim of this article is to present the acute issues raised by folk etymology within toponyms, to establish the linguistic affiliation of place names and the etymon words from which they originate, the causes of folk etymology in toponymy, the entrenchment of new "corrupted" forms by folk etymology, the metamorphosis that the place name has undergone, and the denominative structure of toponymic phrases produced by folk etymology.

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ON MORPHOSYNTACTIC FEATURES OF “URDUBIC”

Author(s): George Grigore,Gabriel Bițună / Language(s): English,Arabic Issue: 21/2022

This study is an investigative approach, highlighting some linguistic features, on theautobiographical speech of a Pakistani worker, in a pidgin used in the Gulf countries, consisting of Arabicand Urdu elements, subsequently named Urdubic. The corpus we analyze for this study is the story of theaforementioned Pakistani worker, recounted in this variety of Pidgin Arabic. The morphosyntactic featuresidentified in the text sample confirm that it is a language system developed as the result of contact withArabic. However, it also shows that there are phonetic, lexical, as well as morphosyntactic features that havedeveloped internally so that this pidgin could be successfully used by its speakers for the communication ofnot only their immediate needs, but also many more intricate concepts.

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A NINETEENTH CENTURY MALTESE DOCUMENT IN ARABIC SCRIPT: LINGUISTIC OBSERVATIONS

Author(s): Martin R. Zammit / Language(s): English,Arabic Issue: 21/2022

In the year 1838, the arabist and linguist Reverend Christoph F. Schlienz, head of the Malta branch of the Anglican Church Missionary Society, published, in Malta, his Views on the Improvement of the Maltese Language and its Use for the purposes of Education and Literature. This consists of three long letters, dated October 26, 1837, which he wrote to C.H. Bracebridge, ―… a gentleman, well known for the interest he has lately taken in the cause of education in the Mediterranean countries …‖ To Bracebridge‘s query about the Arabic schools in Malta, Schlienz expressed his conviction that Arabic, ―the parent of Maltese,‖ should be made the basis of all instruction in Malta. The three letters are followed by an appendix covering certain peculiarities of Maltese, as well as a dialogue in Maltese between two traders, printed in Arabic script, with translations in Egyptian Arabic and English. Apart from highlighting a number of linguistic features characterizing the dialogue, the paper also discusses the attempts, during the nineteenth century, to write the Maltese language in the Arabic alphabet. These attempts stemmed from the belief, held by some, that the Arabic script is the natural choice, given that Maltese is a dialect of Arabic, and that it was relatively easy for the Maltese to learn literary Arabic.

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WAS ʾILĀ A NOUN IN ARABIC GRAMMATICAL TRADITION?

Author(s): Almog Kasher / Language(s): English,Arabic Issue: 21/2022

This article raises the possibility that several grammarians classified ʾilā as a noun (ism), at least in certain constructions. First, we discuss the view attributed by later grammarians to ʾAb Bakr Ibn al-ʾAnbārī, according to which ʾilā is a noun, as it may follow the preposition min. Secondly, we succinctly address Ibnal-Sarrāj‘s ascription to Sībawayhi of the classification of ʾilā under the nominal category of ẓurūf. Finally, and most importantly, we raise the possibility that ʾilā in the interjection (ism fiʿl) ʾilayka was categorized bySībawayhi as a noun. The discussion of ʾilayka in al-Kitāb as well as by later grammarians may shed some light on grammarians‘ conceptions of the noun-ness of the category of ism fiʿl.

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THE USES OF SUBJECT PRONOUNS IN CLASSICAL ARABIC AND MODERN ARABIC DIALECTS

Author(s): Amal Zu'bi / Language(s): English,Arabic Issue: 21/2022

The present paper discusses the following question: What is the function of subject pronouns if the sentences have the same meaning with or without the pronoun? In this paper I propose that in modern Arabic dialects (henceforth MAD), subject pronouns do have a communicative function and their use or deletion is not a free choice made by the speaker. This paper shows that subject pronouns serve to preclude ambiguity. I found that in the perfect Classical Arabic (henceforth CA) and Qəltu dialects do not use a pronoun to avoid ambiguity for 1p.sg and 2p.m.sg because in these dialects there are two different forms for the two persons, i.e. there is no ambiguity and as a result there is no need for a pronoun. Unlike CA and Qəltu dialects, Galilean Arabic (henceforth GA) uses the pronoun to avoid ambiguity because in this dialect there is one form for 1p.sg and 2p.m.sg, i.e. ambiguity arises and there is a need for pronoun. In the imperfect CA, GA and Qəltu dialects have ambiguous forms for 2p.m.sg and 3p.f.sg. As a result, there is a need for a pronoun in order to avoid the ambiguity and resolve the problem. All of them have used the pronoun for this purpose: GA, Qəltu dialects and CA. In addition, I found that the pronoun is sometimes superfluous or has an emphasizing function in these dialects, but it is mandatory when there is an ambiguity to be resolved. These results confirm my hypothesis regarding the use and the function of the subject pronoun in MAD.

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CENTRAL ASIAN ARABIC THROUGH COMPARATIVE SEMITIC LENSES: SOME FEATURES OF BUKHARAN ARABIC

Author(s): Hongwei Zhang / Language(s): English,Semitic (Other),Arabic Issue: 21/2022

On multiple occasions, Chikovani has advocated the key directions for research on Central Asian Arabic, the first and foremost being Central Asian Arabic‘s connection to other Semitic languages. This study investigates Bukharan Arabic in the comparative Semitic background and connects some of its features in phonology and morphosyntax, including the phonemes i and ō, the perfective participle, the V-final word order, the linker in and the ―Turkic genitive‖, to parallel phenomena in other Semitic languages. In contact situations like that of Central Asian Arabic, it is easy to attribute innovations to surrounding languages. But just as Cowan (1967) criticizes Fischer‘s (1961) phonological analysis, instead of simplistically resorting solely to contact factors, parallel developments could well reflect the Semitic potentials for historical developments which paved the way for those contact-induced changes.

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Discourse in the context of language history – research potential and perspectives

Author(s): Artur Rejter / Language(s): English Issue: XXXII/2023

The aim of the paper is to indicate the research potential and perspective of discourse as a historical and dynamic phenomenon. Methodology used in the paper concentrates on discourse linguistics, stylistics, and text linguistics, which is related to the concept of language as a mode of communication manifested at its higher levels. What is important, the author is convinced that historical dimensions can be embedded into the definition of discourse. The first aspect constitutes the extension of the reflection at the discourse level in historical language studies. However, the inverse relation is most interesting. It is worth noting that the language history research could enrich the concept of discourse. Referring to previous research on the history of Polish scientific discourse and discourse of the excluded, the author formulates a thesis on the influence of the historical research on the concept of discourse, which could manifest itself in the following ways: (1) remodelling of the definition of discourse; (2) discourse dynamics; and (3) external discourse changes (cultural, sociological). The main conclusions are as follows: (1) The complementarity of language history and discourse linguistics should be considered. (2) Discourse definition is an open category and, among others, depends on historical changes. (3) The dynamic nature of discourse could be the basis for adopting historical discourse studies as a subdiscipline of linguistics. (4) Historical aspects of discourse can encourage research on communication as a dynamic, multifaceted, and complex component of culture.

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GALAT SÖZLÜKLERİNDE BİTKİ ADLARI ÜZERİNE DEĞERLENDİRMELER

Author(s): Burcu Sibiç / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 47/2024

Galat refers to the words or groups of words that arise as a result of the incorporation of words borrowed from foreign languages into the language by undergoing changes in sound, form and meaning. With this feature, galat are related to all sub-branches of grammar, especially vocabulary. In Turkish vocabulary, in addition to the words of Arabic and Persian origin that entered Turkish with the adoption of Islam, many words from Western languages penetrated into the language; as a result of the changes these words underwent, it is seen that many galat words emerged. Galat, which is expressed as “wrong”, “erroneous”, “defective” utterances, were initially the subject of various works written by scholars; later on, independent works such as galat dictionaries etc. were written on this subject. In these works, many animate and inanimate names, person names, tribe names, place names, various verbs, etc. were discussed. One of the categories mentioned in galat dictionaries is plant names. In this study, the plant names evaluated in the galat dictionaries written in the Ottoman period were identified, and they were discussed with their forms in different dictionaries as well as galat dictionaries. During the analysis, the usage of the words in the historical periods of Turkish written language was also utilized.

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Transformations of Words and Their Impact on the Dialogue of Reality and its Criticism, Abdul Razzaq Al-Amiri as An Example

Author(s): Zaman Mohamed Wans,Sabah Abbas Anooz / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2024

The transformations of words help reveal the role of dialogue in the semantic structure of literary texts. It is a language that sometimes glows with metaphor, and its meaning is amplified through deviation, intensification, and ambiguity at other times. It breaks the selfreferential mode of discourse into a dialogue composed of two or more parties in the poetic text. This leads to the transformation of the text from its self-purpose to a purpose that involves addressing the surrounding reality of the writer in a displaced poetic language. This gives his discourse a multiple semantic interpretation in the mysterious meanings characterized by a dramatic nature. This is not limited to major events, as every incident from our daily lives, even if it is partial, and every glance and every word, is a dramatic structure regardless of its size. So, how does the poet use that incident?! By doing so, he naturally differs from ordinary people, as he incorporates it into his poetic language and engages in a dialogue with his reality in forms that attract the attention of the recipients.

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Interpretation of the Verbal Similarities According to Sheikh Al-Shaarawi He Died in 1998 AD in His Interpretation of Al-Khawatir from Verses (58- 59) of Surat Al-Baqarah- Graphic Study

Author(s): Hoda Hamad Naeema Ashour,Issa Ahmed Mahal Al-Falahi / Language(s): English Issue: 7/2024

It is necessary for every researcher before delving into the heart of a topicHAnd its details fromSummary In it he explains the approach he followed in arranging his issues.Therefore, it was necessary to classify and divide the issues either according to their occurrence in the Qur’an, or according to their classification according to the type of verbal analogy to which they belong. It is no secret that each approach has its drawbacks and advantages. And the terminology, and therefore I will strive to follow a unified curriculum unless I notice that, or I find benefit from diversifying the curricula, and all of that I will discuss.matter. Issues of verbal similarities in Surat Al-Baqarah (the story of the Children of Israel).

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Voices and Perspectives from Our Online Press on the State of English Language Teaching in Mexico

Author(s): David Guadalupe Toledo Sarracino,Laura García Landa,Nahum Samperio Sánchez,Darragh O’Grady / Language(s): English Issue: 7/2024

This documentary research on the discourse in electronic media surrounding the teaching and learning of English as a foreign language on the Mexico’s border describes the social framework and analyses various linguistic contexts to make provisional recommendations regarding foreign language policy in Mexico. The digital journalism selected issues an opinion on (1) the teaching of English as a language additional to Spanish in Mexico (English Language Teaching, ELT), and (2) Mexico’s position (at Federal and State level) implicit in their regional implementation of ELT. Thirteen articles from 12 regional, national, and international media sources were analysed using Guespin and Marcellesi’s (1986) and Arnoux and Bein’s (2015) theories, alongside Bardin’s (1996) content analysis method for linguistic contexts in border regions. Qualitative analysis techniques were employed to identify and categorize the positions on foreign language policy presented in the Mexican media. The authors conclude with recommendations for ELT policy, proposing actions for foreign language policy planning. We argue for raised teacher-training standards to improve foreign language learning in mainstream education and Private language schools, thus positioning the Universidad Autónoma de Baja California to take more agency in our regional support role to the Mexican Secretariate of Education.

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Evaluation of the Indonesian Languange Training Program at the Defence Languange Training Centre

Author(s): Puji Santoso,Eliana Sari,Neti Karnati / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2024

This program is designed to provide Indonesian language briefings to personnel of friendly countries who will take part in training within the Ministry of Defense and the TNI. In addition, this program is one of the flagship programs of the Ministry of Defense, because it is an effective instrument in defense diplomacy. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the implementation of the Indonesian language education and training program at the Ministry of Defense's Badiklat Language Education and Training Center. This study uses a qualitative approach with an evaluative method. This research uses the CIPP (Context, Input, Process, and Product) model developed by Stufflebeam. The data in this study was obtained through observation, in-depth interviews and documentation studies at the Ministry of Defense's Badiklat Language Education and Training Center. The results of this study show that in the context aspect, this program has been designed with a visionary thinking concept based on national interests with a solid background and legal foundation, but the Language Education and Training Center needs to design its organizational vision and mission. In terms of inputs, this program has been well prepared so that this program has adequate carrying capacity. However, it is still necessary to procure information technology experts and physical coaches. The results of the evaluation of the process aspect show that the implementation of this program is running according to plan, both from academic, personality, and physical similarities. The evaluation of the product aspect shows that the success of this program is very satisfactory, namely 100% of students graduate satisfactorily and are able to continue to the next training.

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CURRENT INFLOWS IN SPEECH SCIENCES AND DIRECTIONS/DISCIPLINES THAT DESERVE SPECIFIC CARE IN STUDYING ALBANIAN

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CURRENT INFLOWS IN SPEECH SCIENCES AND DIRECTIONS/DISCIPLINES THAT DESERVE SPECIFIC CARE IN STUDYING ALBANIAN

Author(s): Tomorr Plangarica / Language(s): English Issue: 02/2023

In the context of efforts to find the proper motivation or explanations for a certain kind of apathy in the Albanian language of thought in completing different areas of lingustics with subdisciplines and with trends in contemporary reviews that study the aspect of the language use, given a certain lack of attention to such entities, as the discourse and/or text and opinions (that in the current stage have “ occupied” significant areas in the European and transatlantic language of thought) one is obliged to exempt as impact factor the lack of pressure that social development exerts or should exert on the language of thought, urging it to be focused also on this problematics, which is very relevant to every day speaking practices.

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INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY (ICT) INTEGRATION IN EFL ORAL COMMUNICATION CONTEXT: ENGLISH MAJOR SOPHOMORES PERSPECTIVES ON ENGLISH-SPEAKING

Author(s): Abdelmadjid Benraghda / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2024

In today’s globalized educational environment, information and communication technologies (ICT) has become a fundamental prerequisite and integral part of education. In the 21stcentury learning environment, digital literacy, or ICT, becomes another ability that students need to learn in addition to language and numeracy. ICT has significantly influenced English language education and learning as we enter a new millennium. Speaking is a fundamental language acquisition ability, thus for students to achieve their goals, they need a classroom that is well-equipped. Moreover, education is changing in response to the digital era. The most significant educational problems caused by the epidemic, such as the lockdown, have been addressed by teachers all throughout the world. Hence, this study tries to ascertain how sophomores feel about using digital devices during oral presentation performances. For 139 sophomores of the English Language, a questionnaire was adopted and distributed for the study to the sophomores who were registered for English for Oral Communication course for semester 2, session 2022/2023. SPSS was employed to analyze the quantitative data, and to calculate the descriptive statistics of the current study. The main results revealed that sophomores' attitudes regarding the use of ICT during oral performances were overwhelmingly favorable.

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Język śląski w przestrzeni publicznej: zabawa słowem, chwyt marketingowy czy narzędzie emancypacji?

Author(s): Maciej Mętrak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2024

The following paper tackles the subject of visibility of the Silesian language – presented here in a sociolinguistic framework as a collateral/contested language – in the linguistic landscape. The author describes the current state of the debate surrounding the status and standardisation of Silesian, with an emphasis on the ideological role of various script choices. In the further part different contexts in which written Silesian is used are presented, together with roles fulfilled by the language: a marker of localness, a link to tradition and historicity, a neutral means of communication, a value in itself and a tool of political emancipation. The summary contains some remarks on the difficulties that have to be faced by an unrecognised linguistic variety to appear in the public space, and the benefits of such presence.

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L’ARTISANAT LANGAGIER DANS LE THÉÂTRE D’EUGÈNE IONESCO : JEUX DE MOTS NÉOLOGIQUES

Author(s): Elena GRAUR / Language(s): French Issue: 1/2022

We call artisans of comic, ironic, satirical language all writers of the stature of Boris Vian, Jacques Prévert, Jacques Audiberti, Eugène Ionesco who denote an awakened linguistic curiosity for the riches of literary, popular or spoken language. They actualize everything: phoneme, afixoid, pun, oxymoron, logogriph, etc. Ionesco in this pleiad is still at the head. His characters, their language must make people laugh, cry, die of happiness, otherwise they become dumb, deaf, deaf-mutes. And so Ionesco invents and puts on their tongues anagrams, antimétaboles, bouts-rimés, homéotéleutes, mots-valises to accomplish his essential task: “to create a new language”. This one will live as much as its heroes speak a neo-language where the absurdities become syllogisms, where the approximations are only true axioms. In this article, we are going to submit to a more or less detailed analysis the linguistic nature of the puns of Ionesco's theatrical language.

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Akuzativne klitike u bosanskom jeziku. Druga pozicija i teorija faza

Author(s): Elmira Resić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 2/2024

In this paper we analyze accusative clitics (e.g. me, ga, ih) in the Bosnian language within the so-called Minimalist Program (Chomsky 1995, 2000, 2001). We assume that syntactic structures are built by operations Merge and Agree. At the same time, we adopt the so-called Phase Theory (Chomsky 2001), which postulates that the derivation of syntactic structure occurs in phases, allowing minimal chunks of the structure to be successively sent to Spell-out. The paper suggests that the transfer of accusative clitics to the PF and LF component occurs in the vP phase, which implies that these clitics become unavailable for syntactic operations when the complement of the v0 head is sent to Spell-out. In this regard, accusative clitics in the Bosnian language do not syntactically merge with the verb in V0 position because the incorporation of the clitic into the verb is not syntactically motivated. Also, the so-called second position of accusative clitics (e.g. Selma ga voli) is the result of their post-syntactic movement to the second position within their intonation phrase (IP) since cliticization is not conditioned by the syntactic status of the clitics, but by their prosody.

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