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4.50 €

Face and politeness in Irish English opinions – a study amongst Polish and Irish students

Author(s): Weronika Gąsior / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Epistemologically, an opinion is different from a fact. However, emotionally, that difference can be more blurry. In a study of exchanges of opinions among Polish and Irish English speakers those emotional attachments to opinions on the one hand, and the importance of facts on the other, become apparent. These differences can cause conflict in intercultural communication. While Poles are believed to express opinions which are “dogmatic” (Wierzbicka, 1985), English opinions tend to be stated so that they are clearly distinguishable from a statement of fact (Mullan, 2010). This study aimed, firstly, to describe the politeness characteristics of the speech act set of exchanging opinions in two linguistic groups: Polish-Irish and Irish-Irish interactions in English. Secondly, it examined issues of socio-pragmatic principles of expressing opinions in Ireland. Discourse data was gathered in six open role-plays, which were followed by focus groups exploring the issues of sociocultural constraints in expressing opinions. The results point towards a difference in cultural scripts (Wierzbicka, 1994) for opinions in the two linguistic groups; confirm previous classifications of Polish and Irish cultures as favouring positive and negative politeness respectively; and provide an insight into the affective side of exchanging opinions.

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4.50 €

The usage of diminutives in polite phrases as a way to express positive/negative politeness or to formulate face-threatening acts in Polish

Author(s): Paulina Biały / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Expressive polite phrases, namely the ones containing diminutive forms, play a significant role in interpersonal communication. According to Ożóg (1990, p. 72), they are aimed at convincing the addressee of special, and not only formal or perfunctory, attitude of the speaker towards him/her. Moreover, as it is usually the case, they are applied in situations when the speaker wants to maintain the addressee’s positive face, for instance he/she wants to express meanings such as familiarity, intimacy, or liking. Nevertheless, sometimes they may be used as acts threatening the addressee’s positive or negative face. Usually, in the case of diminutives, face-threatening acts are done off record, when the speaker wants to express irony, disrespect and pitifulness. This article aims at answering the question about the role of diminutives in polite phrases. Are they always related only to positive politeness? How is their presence in a sentence perceived by the addressees? Moreover, the comparison between Polish and English will be provided as these two languages differ significantly in terms of expressing emotions in a conversation. In order to get answers for the questions mentioned above, a short questionnaire, containing some typical expressive polite phrases, was distributed among a representative number of native speakers of Polish and English, in order to assess whether the presence of diminutives influences their impressions and reactions to these sentences.

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4.50 €

Āp kitnā kamāte haĩ? “How much money do you earn?” The Indian way of politeness

Author(s): Magdalena Varga / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Everyone is aware of the fact that ignorance and the lack of proper knowledge are our worst enemies in every field of life. Therefore, it will not be an exaggeration to say that they are the cause of the most undesired results in the process of communication.The present paper shows how the language competence not followed by the knowledge of cultural background and context may lead to gaffes or misunderstandings at best, and even to offences and conflicts at worst. Its main goal is to outline the complex connection between family and caste in particular, or broadly speaking – community and religion in India, and to show the specificity of their influence on Hindi, the most widely known language of the Indian subcontinent. The paper describes all the most important factors which are crucial to the Indian concept of “face.” They also present grammatical and lexical measures and politeness strategies with the use of which Hindi speaking people deal within the multilevel socio-cultural relations and are able to coexist with each other more or less peacefully. Finally, the nuances one should take into account while making conversation with Hindi-speaking partner are mentioned.

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4.50 €

Face and ethics in professional interpreting

Author(s): Ewa Bogdanowska-Jakubowska / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Interpreting can be considered a form of intercultural communication in which at least three participants take part – primary participants (the speaker and the hearer(s)) and the interpreter. This is interpreter-mediated communication in social interaction (Jacobsen, 2009). Thus the interpreter, like any other interaction participant, has face – “an image of self delineated in terms of approved social attributes” (Goffman, 1967, p. 5). Face, which is created during social interaction, is both a property of relationships and a property of the individual, and is shaped by culture and the role he/she performs. Among the socially relevant qualities of the individual’s self-image, we can distinguish three groups of attributes: • attributes tied to moral conduct (e.g., adherence to the code of professional ethics), • attributes tied to a position in a social setting (e.g., professional competence of the interpreter), • attributes tied to interpersonal skills and facework competence (e.g., coordinating/mediating skills).To maintain face participants engage in facework (Goffman, 1967), actions which address face, involving threat and support as well as actions aimed at maintaining face.The aim of the study is to analyse the interpreter’s professional face, its ethical aspect in particular, and facework strategies employed during interpreting. The study has been carried out within the framework of the Cultural Face Model (Bogdanowska-Jakubowska, 2010).

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4.50 €

Параметри на социално функциониране на турския език в България

Author(s): Harun Bekir / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The linguistic picture in Bulgaria is far from monolinguistic. Turkish is in a strong position in Bulgarian linguistic situation because it is really used and is a key element of the group identity of its bearers. Turkish in Bulgaria enjoys a high prestige withing the framework of its own group. It has real communication functions and is handed down in the family. The distribution and social function of Turkish as one of the minority languages is also important for the linguistic situation in the country. In connection with this, it is one of the linguistic formations participating in the Bulgarian linguistic situation. In analyzing the functioning of Turkish in Bulgaria, we have also tried to define the spheres of its usage and to present the place of Turkish in the life of the Turks, in addition to the spheres of communication and the individual social strata; the main trends related to Turkish and the factors that determine them, as well as to evaluate the conditions with a view to the future of Turkish among the Turkish community in Bulgaria.

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15.00 €

Йероглифите

Author(s): Bratislav Ivanov / Language(s): Bulgarian

The book I'm offering to the readers’ attention includes two parts - a brief introduction to the Chinese hieroglyphs in order to clarify their function in Japanese writing and etymology of one hundred Chinese hieroglyphs. The hundred hieroglyphs are selected by the Chinese Ministry of Culture in a way that is representative of the hieroglyphs as a whole. I hope this book will be useful to all who are interested in hieroglyphic cultures. – Bratislav Ivanov

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4.50 €

Ideologías lingüísticas, discursos públicos y prácticas docentes con hablantes no nativos: una aproximación desde algunos textos de ELE

Author(s): José Antonio Calzón García / Language(s): Spanish Publication Year: 0

Assuming all teaching activity as a performative act with ethical implications, this article focuses on how traditional points of view about language still appear in handbooks, despite new anthropological as well as semiological theories. Regarding teaching of Spanish as a foreign language, the paper analyses several contemporaries textbooks, in order to conclude that most of them not only show structuralist views, but also a strong link between culture and language, with a biased Hispanocentrism (at least in books printed in Spain). Several of these out-of-date teaching discourses, however, still find their place in the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages, though some of its key points are communicative competence and the active protagonism of students.

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4.50 €

Propuestas didácticas para la enseñanza de la interculturalidad en la clase de ELE para los polacos

Author(s): Agnieszka Palion-Musioł,Cecylia Tatoj / Language(s): Spanish Publication Year: 0

The purpose of this article is to present different activities which will aid Polish students who learn Spanish as well as for their teachers who will obtain an efficient tool to test the language abilities of their students. Furthermore, the activities will demonstrate cultural differences based on the student’s ethnographic attitude. All these activities which we offer are focused on the intercultural competence which should be an integral part of the educational process. In addition, the authors of the proposals give consideration to the notion of culture according to Geert Hofstede and his model of dimensions, which they analyse and describe comparing Spanish and Polish languages.

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4.50 €

Pytając o zmianę językową. Językoznawstwo historyczne a socjolingwistyka

Author(s): Joanna Przyklenk / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Joanna Przyklenk in her article devoted to the relations between historical linguistics and sociolinguistics focuses on three main issues. Firstly, she presents several ideas that are common to both disciplines. Secondly, the strong link between historical and social attitude in linguistics is considered in the shape of historical sociolinguistics, subdiscipline whose beginnings are dated back to 1980s in the West. In the paper its roots, theoretical background and the current state of research are discussed. Thirdly, the author takes an attempt to characterize the contemporary Polish studies, trying to describe these works in the context of the foregoing periodizations of the Polish studies on language history. Detecting an inspiration in historical sociolinguistics for Polish-oriented investigation, she points out these areas of diachronic enquiry that thanks to socio-lingual view could develop historical linguistics itself.

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Archaizmy leksykalne współczesnej polszczyzny grodzieńskiej (socjolektu szlacheckiego)

Author(s): Katarzyna Konczewska / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The paper presents the lexical archaisms selected from material collected of the linguistic research carried out at the very Grodno region in 2015, the areas of concentration of the Polish nobility from the area of the Indura city (“szlachta zaindurska”). These tokens non-users in modern literary Polish language, including dialects unmarked in dictionaries, which testifies to the uniqueness of the dialects. Some tokens are not marked in any historical source language.

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Diachroniczny aspekt badań regionalnych

Author(s): Halina Pelcowa / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The text discusses the diachronic aspect of regional studies placed at the boundary between the history of language and dialectology. The author presents how the two fields interact and intermingle, which is particularly visible in the context of the regional past as well as the linguistic and cultural specificity of regions. Applying the methods of diachronic linguistics to dialectology and using dialectology in the studies on the history of the language enables to create a multifaceted picture of linguistic phenomena and explain their cultural contexts.

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4.50 €

O nowej syntezie rozwoju polszczyzny na Śląsku

Author(s): Bogusław Wyderka / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The progress of historical research, new interpretation of socio-political events and cultural changes form new premises dissertating for the necessity of creating a new synthesis of the history of the Polish language in Silesia. Thus far noted compendia do not clarify the historical background of the modern linguistic changes taking place in contemporary Silesia. In the article, the author presented the basic methodological assumptions of the proponed synthesis. Description of the issues should focus on two axes. The first one is the evolution of the normalized polish language that is settled in official usage and Silesian writing. This variation is characterized by canon import, system and stylistic archaisms and the development’s irregularity. The latter axis of the description focuses on the issue of the evolution of Silesian dialects in the systematic and functional aspect. The Silesian polish language developed under specific conditions – domination of two languages: Czech and German in particular. Therefore the matters connected with the linguistic policy of the countries, which boarders were Silesian, as well as with the formation of linguistic awareness of Silesians and linguistic changes being the result of postwar immigration will be discussed. The implied range of the description taking into consideration Silesian multiculturalism demand a specified methodological approach. The author formulates some rules that enable to meet those demands. Moreover, he discusses some specific issues such as the cognitive and material values of the studies published in recent years, issues connected with periodization of the historical events, and the canon of sources. The synthesis will be closed by the discussion of the discourse about the Silesian language status that last since the 1990s.

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4.50 €

Turkish women in Alsace: Language maintenance and shift in negotiating integration

Author(s): Feray J. Baskin / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

European political themes in the 21st century are overwhelmingly dominated by concerns about the nature of national identity, the role of Islam in democratic society, and the impact of immigrants and their descendants on the perceived cultural homogeneity among the majority of EU countries (Modood, 2013; Meer & Modood 2013; Joppke, 2007; Crul et al., 2012; Akgönül, 2009). The immigration policies of the European Union have been critical towards immigrant populations in the sense that policies have been inconsistent and heavily focused on assimilationist processes.

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4.50 €

Bulgaristan Türk Göçmenlerinde Dil Değinimi

Author(s): Sonel Bosnalı,Zehra Şafak / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

Bulgaristan Türkleri ve dilleri üzerinde yapılan çok önemli çalışmalar bulunmakla birlikte (Günşen 2002, Şimşir 2012, Yalınkılıç 2014), Bulgaristan’dan Türkiye’ye göç eden topluluğun toplum-dilsel durumu hakkında henüz özgün bir çalışma mevcut değildir. Oysa hem nüfus, hem de bazı dilsel ve sosyal özellikleri bakımından, Bulgaristan Türk Göçmenlerinin Türkiye’deki toplum-dilsel durumlarının gözlemlenmesi, göç ve dil sorunsalı çerçevesinde ortaya çıkan birçok soruya yanıt bulmak için yararlı veriler sunabilir. Göç sonucu ortaya çıkan çok dillilik nasıl biçimlenir ve nasıl düzenlenmelidir? Göç öncesi toplum-dilsel davranışlar göç ortamında sürdürülebilir mi yoksa yeni koşullara uyarlanır mı? Göç kaynaklı dil değinimi, göçmen topluluğun dil kullanımı ve pratiklerini nasıl ve ne düzeyde etkiler? Yeni toplum-dilsel koşullar, toplum-dilsel davranışları ve dillerin yapısını ne ölçüde etkiler? Dil, kimlik ilişkisi çerçevesinde göçmen toplulukların kültürel aidiyetleri nasıl biçimlenir veya belirlenir? Dil değinimi durumunda dillerden birinin veya bazılarının yok olması kaçınılmaz mıdır? Eğer kaçınılmaz ise, bu dil her zaman göçmenlerin dili mi olur?

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4.50 €

Türkçe, Yunanca, Farsça ve Ermenice Dillerinde Masallar Bağlamında Dil Göçü

Author(s): Serli Seta Nişanyan / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

Toplumsal olgular ve yaşanmışlıklar, toplumsal psikolojiyi derinden etkilemektedir. Bu nedenle, yapılan araştırmalarda görülmektedir ki; en eski edebi türlerden biri olan masallar, toplumsal hafızanın yeni nesillere aktarılma yollarından en güçlü olanıdır. Bu çalışmada, dinamik olan ve sürekli etkileşime maruz kalan masalların, göç ile ilişkilendirilerek edebiyattaki etkisi irdelenmektedir. Böylelikle, masalların dil ve yaşanmışlıklar açısından gösterdikleri farklılık önemsenmekte, kıyaslanmakta ve dilin, göç ile birlikte nasıl evrim geçirdiği ve fiziksel olarak yaşanan göç esnasında aslında dil göçünün de yaşandığını göstermek amaçlanmaktadır.

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0.00 €

Közigazgatási nyelvhasználat Hargita megyében az önkormányzati és a központi kormányzat megyeszintu intézményeiben

Author(s): István Horváth,Ilka Veress,Katalin Vitos / Language(s): Romanian,Hungarian

Raportul de fata analizeaza si eviden_iaza în ce masura, institutiile deconcentrate si cele aflate în subordinea administratiei locale respecta prevederile legaleti asigura preconditiile necesare pentru exercitarea drepturilor lingvistice ale minoritatilor. În acelasi timp, este analizata si maniera în care maghiarii din judetul Harghita îsi exercita acest drept, adica în ce masura comunica acestia în limba materna cu ocazia diverselor contacte pe care le au la nivel administrativ. Analiza se bazeaza pe date ce provin din mai multe surse: o parte dintre ele rezulta din anchetele sociologice întreprinse de catre Institutul pentru Studierea Problemelor Minoritatilor Nationale, iar altele (cum ar fi cele referitoare la institutiile care reprezinta puterea centrala la nivel judetean) au fost colectate în mod special pentru aceasta cercetare efectuata la cererea Consiliului Judetean Harghita.

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0.00 €

Kisebbség – társadalomszerkezet – kétnyelvűség

Author(s): Angella Sorbán / Language(s): Hungarian

This study addresses the social structure of the Hungarian minority in Romania from the point of view of minority bilingualism and of language use practices. It summarizes the main characteristics of the minority social structure in the context of the recent past as well as the expected trends in the forecasts. Based on the data of an empirical research conducted by the Institute for the Study of National Minority Problems in 2008, it analyzes the linguistic competences of the different occupational categories in relation to the study language with different interpretations of the affirmation and the language of the communication at the place. Given that the situation of the Hungarians on the labor market is influenced not only by language skills in the state language but also by other factors (structural, cultural, symbolic) it can be concluded that the minority social structure can be rectified by education and by the accumulation of social and cultural capital in the education process. The knowledge of the language of the state is undoubtedly a specific genre of cultural capital, in minority environments this is very important, but it is only one of these genres. Therefore, the work puts the well-known Hungarian cliché - "The child to study in the Romanian language in order to be able to say better" - in a critical and at the same time more nuanced view, in relation to everyday views.

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Kontrastive Analyse Von Präzedenz-Phänomenen Im Deutschen Und Im Bulgarischen

Author(s): Boryana Tencheva,Ventsislava Pisacheva / Language(s): German Publication Year: 0

Along with their communicative function, natural languages play a crucial role in preserving cultural memory, serving as repositories for historical events, values, stereotypes, and collective knowledge. This study focuses on so-called precedent phenomena and their use in both German and Bulgarian. These specific linguistic units are often excluded from dictionaries due to their varied forms and unconventional usage. Through a comparative analysis of precedent phenomena in both languages, this research identifies cultural differences and numerous similarities–such as common sources, comparable semantics, and functions in new discourse or contexts–demonstrating the universality of collective consciousness and the cognitive mechanisms involved in conveying and interpreting objective reality.

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Прецедентните изрази в речта на българина (изследване върху материал от българското филмово изкуство)

Author(s): Mariyana Kartalova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The aim of this paper is to examine precedent expressions that appear in Bulgarian movies and have left a mark on Bulgarian speech patterns. The historical framework of the excerpted material spans over two decades – from the very first white-and-black film, “Bulgaran Is Gallant,” to the end of the 20th century. The text explores the connotative charge of said precedents, their semantic scope and speech functions in the Bulgarian language. Despite first appearing over half a century ago, such expressions still function to this day.

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Прецедентные феномены на одежде как способ саморепрезентации в обществе

Author(s): Elitsa Milanova,Miloš Makević / Language(s): Russian Publication Year: 0

The article analyzes the representation of Bulgarian and Serbian precedent phenomena (names, phrases or images) on clothing as an indication of ethnic status and a way of social self-representation among the native spikers of Bulgarian and Serbian language. It studies the history and linguocultural potential of the precedent phenomena, compares the situation in two Slavic linguocultures and makes conclusions about the similar patterns. The research is based on clothing models from Bulgarian brand „Patriot. Bulgaria” and Serbian brand „Horus”.

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