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ДЕСКРИПТОРЫ, ИСПОЛЬЗУЕМЫЕ ПАЦИЕНТАМИ C НЕВРОЛОГИЧЕСКИМИ ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЯМИ ДЛЯ ОПИСАНИЯ ГОЛОВНОЙ БОЛИ

Author(s): Oleg Radievich Esin,Elena Anatolievna Gorobets,Naila Vladimirovna Tokareva / Language(s): Russian Issue: 5/2014

The paper is devoted to a topical multidisciplinary problem connected with the verbal description of headache by patients with neurological disorders. The authors present the descriptive words gathered as a result of free discussions with patients, who were divided into 3 groups in accordance with their way of describing headache. The outlined descriptors were included in a general database used for the development of questionnaires that describe the most characteristic types of headache. The development and specification of pain questionnaires is carried out within the patient-specific approach. These auxiliary materials are particularly important for bilingual and multilingual patients as well as for patients with alexithymic features and various types of speech disorders. The conclusion on the relevance of the problem of descriptors’ belonging to parts of speech is made.

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НЕЙРОЛИНГВИСТИЧЕСКИЕ ИДЕИ В КОНЦЕПЦИИ КАЗАНСКОЙ ЛИНГВИСТИЧЕСКОЙ ШКОЛЫ

Author(s): Ravza Ekzamovna Kulsharipova,Kamil Rakhimovich Galiullin,Elena Anatolievna Gorobets,Yuliya Konstantinovna Lukoyanova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 5/2014

The study deals with the ideas of neurolinguistics proposed by the representatives of the famous Kazan Linguistic School. In modern linguistics, the problems of interrelation between language and thinking are discussed at the interdisciplinary level. However, the formation of this scientific paradigm has to be analyzed in the light of linguistic heritage. The Kazan Linguistic School takes an active position in these investigations involving a wide range of data from different fields of science and using various research techniques. The paper describes and systematizes the contribution made by the representatives of the Kazan Linguistic School to the development of modern scientific paradigms (systemic-functional, discourse, cognitive etc.).

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Emplois particuliers du futur simple et leurs équivalents polonais

Author(s): Ewa Ciszewska-Jankowska / Language(s): French Issue: 28/2016

The present paper focuses on some of the uses of the Future Simple Tense and the analysis of their Polish equivalents. The material for the analysis is taken from the corpus of French literary texts and their Polish translations. The author concentrates on the modal uses of the tense expressing probability (Ce sera le facteur), command (Tu mettras la table !), and those whose function is to soften a statement (Je te dirai que cela ne me plaît pas). Polish, in the above mentioned contexts, makes use of the Future Tense as well, but, as the analysis of the corpus material shows, there are some contexts where some other structures are used, such e.g. as: forms of the imperative mood or the conditional, modal particles (pewnie, może), constructions with the verb musieć, polite phrases with proszę, etc.

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De la perception des disfluences normales et sévères à leurs origines articulatoires

Author(s): Ivana Didirkova,Ľubomíra Štenclová,Fabrice Hirsch / Language(s): French Issue: 28/2016

The aim of this work is to verify which acoustic clues allow listeners to differentiate stutteringlike disfluencies (SLD) and other disfluencies (OD). Furthermore, we would like to distinguish OD and SLD on the articulatory level by observing the laryngeal activity. The results show that listeners’ classification of a disfluency as stuttering-like or other is based on abnormal prosodic structures and localization of the disfluency.

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Czy mówimy tym samym językiem? Analiza języka urojeń

Author(s): Adrianna Smurzyńska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 9/2016

The aim of this article is a problem of delusional language. The author cites some statements made by patients, both with monothematic and polithematic delusions. She also indicates main difficulties in understanding and interpreting such statements and hypotheses explaining differences between delusional and non-delusional language. She also proposes further ways of exploring delusional language.

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Testing speaking skills to A2 students

Author(s): Anna Bała / Language(s): English Issue: 6/2016

Testing speaking skills to A2 students is a step-by-step description of a speaking test format that a representative group of students took at the end of their A2 course. A few examples of the testing tasks are presented in the test layout. The author offers a comment on the assessment criteria and emphasizes the importance of immediate teacher feedback on students’ performance after concluding the testing procedure.

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Słownictwo dzieci w wieku przedszkolnym. Dwa pokolenia – dwa światy

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Słownictwo dzieci w wieku przedszkolnym. Dwa pokolenia – dwa światy

Author(s): Halina Zgółkowa / Language(s): Polish Issue: 10/2016

The main subject area of this study is intergenerational confrontation of the lexical resource of pre- school children. The two generations in question are “parents”, that is people who were children in the period 1980– 1983, and “children”, which is the generation of pre- schoolers in the period 2010– 2015. Frequency dictionaries were developed for both generations on the basis of corpora of spontaneous utterances of children. A comparative overview of both lists permits identification of strictly quantitative changes (the dictionary of 2015 contains ca. 1,000 entries more than the previous one) as well as ones related to social conventions and development of civilization, which are useful in thorough linguistic and psycholinguistic research. This is the basis for indication of two children’s worlds separated from each other with a thirty years’ generational caesura, detection of (lexical and grammatical) linguistic creation areas. What is common for both frequency lists is the regularity consisting in the fact that the list of ten most frequent entries (usually synsemantic words) constitutes ca. 25% of all that were used in samples of 100 thousand, which is the so- called text coverage percentage.

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Gözle Değil Dil’le Görmek Üzerine

Author(s): Meltem Çeliktaş Ekti / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 64/2010

This article tries to explain the function of language, the meaning of speaking, inclusively their relevant theories, according the system of human mental activity and linguistics. First of all there is an effort to answer the questions: How does this system work, how is a matter assumed, how does communication work after all and what’s the meaning of rationality? The definition is based on academic facts by linguists and philosophers. With their help a detection of the effectiveness of “communication phases” will be exemplified. Instead of using wits on priority, (here) the foundation is the way of thinking and its mental language; through them an explanation: “seeing through a language” will be more understandable. Basis for this analysis is the communication of the blind.

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Свобода на словото и/или езикова агресия

Author(s): Elena Kreychova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2017

The text examines the issues of freedom of speech in terms of social sciences and linguistics. Freedom of speech and its limits are confronted with manifestations of linguistic aggression. The text presents the legal protection of this fundamental human right but also the obligations that must be followed in its practice. The text tries to present some of the concepts of linguistic aggression, without being exhaustive and to indicate some areas of aggressive verbal behavior in the context of the common manifestations of human aggression.

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Психолингвистические проблемы перевода и межкультурного общения

Author(s): Gulnur Bajshukurova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 130/2010

The present article is dedicated to the problem of translation and intercultural communication within the range of psycholinguistic. The author researches various aspects of attributes typical for the given language and culture. Special attention is given to the system of linguistic similarities and differences between various languages that refl ect upon parallels and diversities in the conceptual system of their users. The comparison of Russian and Kazakh linguistic systems exemplifi es the differences in the national mentality. Gulnur Bajszukurowa.

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Rola cech osobowościowo-temperamentalnych w studiowaniu języka obcego

Author(s): Krystyna Janaszek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 129/2010

The present article describes how different personality characteristics (type of personality) and temperamental characteristics (type of temperament) of the representative group of philology students shape up the process of a foreign language acquisition. The presented study proves that the student’s personality profi le conditions the success in foreign language study.

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Južnoslavenski baladni sižei u svjetlu psihoanalitičke tradicije

Author(s): Jasmina Zlatarević / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 12/2015

The paper South Slavic ballad syuzhet in light of the psychonalytical tradition is be default of comparable character, because it explores, questions the literature material of our area, facing it against Austrian literal-psychoanalytical tradition. The undisputable credit should be given to Victor Tausk – who arose in the cultural environment of the Vienna modernism at the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century, whose interest area was quite broad – ranging from journalism and literature to psychoanalysis. Taking advantage of his stay in the South Slavic countries, Victor Tausk was not only fascinated by its „distant closeness” of East and West, but he also shown a particular style in creating his own literar characters. His protagonists were however, accurately and slowly „taken apart” and their psyche was „dissected”. They don’t function normally, because the author is constantly searching for the effects of unusual and bizzare. Therefore, the authors choice of South Slavic ballads which he translated to German is not surprising at all, and through that translation he breathed an new psychoanalitycal component. The paper South Slavic ballad syuzhet in light of the psychonalytical tradition is mostly dealing with the interpretation of translated ballads, the analisys of the literal symbolism, discovering the literal „symptoms” and based on them the hidden meaning is revealed.

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"La Langue de Bois" et "Le Politiquement Correct" dans le Discours Public Roumain

Author(s): Sorina Şerbănescu / Language(s): French Issue: 16/2017

Le discours public roumain d’après la Révolution de '89 a gardé des anciennes habitudes langagières communistes dont "la langue de bois". D’autre côté, il a emprunté, comme une conséquence de la synchronisation trop rapide à la modernité, des clichés langagiers qui continuent les tendances agressives et autoritaires héritées du totalitarisme communiste. Notre analyse imbrique la sémantique du discours, la sémiotique, la pragmatique linguistique et la psycholinguistique, se concentrant sur des corpus tirés des discours publics des dernières dix années.

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Bilingual semantic representation and lexical access

Author(s): Judit Navracsics / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2002

This study presents evidence concerning semantic representation in bilingual memory. A vast majority of the early research on this topic proposed that fluent bilinguals access semantic representations that are shared across their two languages. More recent research proves that the question is not as simple as that. Bilinguals can sometimes use shared semantic representations across their two languages, but the conditions under which they can do so are constrained by the nature of the material, by the form of the task, by the level of proficiency in the second language, and by the lexical-level connections between the two languages. The present study provides an analysis of some psycholinguistic tests carried out among bilingual and bicultural people within a new framework proposing that there are asymmetries in the strength of the connections between lexical representations in different languages and between lexical representations and concepts. The author examines bilingual and bicultural semantic representations and their linguistic realisations, and the switching attitudes of bilinguals through the analysis of three tests conducted among bilingual and bicultural subjects.

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Teoria klaryfikacyjna wykładni prawa jako teoria uzasadnienia. Perspektywa psycholingwistyczna a pozytywistyczna koncepcja wykładni prawa

Author(s): Marcin Romanowicz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2011

Within the framework of legal positivism on the ground of Polish legal theory there was founded, in the scope of the issue of legal interpretation, the ‘clarification’ theory, formulated by J. Wróblewski. Adopting psycholinguistic perspective for the analysis of above mentioned theory allows to take the knowledge about human linguistic cognition into consideration and compare it with the vision of achieving understanding of legal text as understood by J. Wróblewski. Thus conducted “mental experiment” – moving from the level of the legal theory to the level of psycholinguistics – reveals “hidden” properties of J. Wróblewski theory of legal interpretation. First of all, as far as the question about the status of his theory is concerned, it allows to formulate a conclusion that it is neither a descriptive nor a normative theory of legal interpretation. It is possible to accept only as a normative theory of justification of interpretation decisions in the process of law application.

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Літаратуразнаучыя пошукі Алеся Яскевіча

Author(s): Galina Tvaranovič / Language(s): Belarusian Issue: 6/2014

In the article professor Ales Yaskyevich’s (1934) literary studies are discussed. He belongs to the so-called philological generation – “sexagenerians”, “children of war”. The variety of his scientific interests such as creating new artistic tradition, psychology in writing, the problem of style, the structure of text, its rhythmic organization, translation is emphasized. A. Yaskyevich’s studies respect both traditional and innovative approaches, they involve interdisciplinary method. Although A. Yaskyevich is interested in theoretical and historical problems, he also remains committed to current literary process.

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Головні засади культорологічних програм в соціо-психологічному дискурсі сучасних ЗМІ

Author(s): Adriana Skoryk / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 3/2011

Under the theory of communication and media development one of its most important sections became part of cultural and artistic media, including those deployed on regional television studios, as they form something specific ontological laws and axiological principles of relevant television programs. Naturally, as the development of this innovative science – information technology and communications in general and its specific mass-media section requires for its successful implementation of data and principles to attract a number of other related sciences, including major is sociology, political science, social psychology, theory information, communication theory, ethnic psychology, psycholinguistics, etc.

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Word-based categorization in 14 to 16 month-old infants: evidence from a Slavic language

Author(s): Slavica Tutnjević,Siniša Lakić / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2014

We investigate early word-based categorization by testing one sample of infants at the ages of 14 and 16 months using an object manipulation task. Specifically, we investigate the facilitating effect of labeling on: a) categorization of unknown objects with a shared label and a similar shape; b) categorization of unknown objects with a shared label, but no perceptual similarity. The results indicate that an average infant can categorize novel objects with a similar shape and a shared label starting at 16 months of age. Categorization of novel objects with a shared label but no perceptual similarity is at chance level at both ages. These results confirm and extend previous research findings to a new language.

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Semantic relations and compound transparency: A regression study in CARIN theory

Author(s): Hien Pham,R. Harald Baayen / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2013

According to the CARIN theory of Gagné and Shoben (1997), conceptual relations play an important role in compound interpretation. This study develops three measures gauging the role of conceptual relations, and pits these measures against measures based on latent semantic analysis (Landauer & Dumais, 1997). The CARIN measures successfully predict response latencies in a familiarity categorization task, in a semantic transparency task, and in visual lexical decision. Of the measures based on latent semantic analysis, only a measure orthogonal to the conceptual relations, which instead gauges the extent to which the concepts for the compound’s head and the compound itself are discriminated, also reached significance. Results further indicate that in tasks requiring careful assesment of the meaning of the compound, general knowledge of conceptual relations plays a central role, whereas in the lexical decision task, attention shifts to co-activated meanings and the specifics of the conceptual relations realized in the compound’s modifier family.

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Semantic growth of morphological families in English

Author(s): Regina Henry,Victor Kuperman / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2013

This paper explores the question of when and how morphological families are formed in one’s mental lexicon, by analyzing age-of-acquisition norms to morphological families (e.g., booking, bookshelf, check book) and their shared morphemes (book). We demonstrate that the speed of growth and the size of the family depend on how early the shared morpheme is acquired and how many connections the family has at the time a new concept is incorporated in the family. These findings dovetail perfectly with the Semantic Growth model of connectivity in semantic networks by Steyvers and Tenenbaum (2005). We discuss implications of our findings for theories of vocabulary acquisition.

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