РАЗВИТИЕ НА ПРОЗОДИЧНИТЕ МОДЕЛИ В РАННАТА ДЕТСКА РЕЧ

Author(s): Mirena Patseva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2021

The aim of the work is to trace the development of the prosodic models of the subminimal and minimal words in the child speech production up to a year and nine months of age. It is substantiated that the dominance of trochaic structures in the corpus of child speech reflects a general metric tendency of the Bulgarian language, which is also observed in studies of lexical units with unclear morphological structure. The study traces the quantitative weigh and ways of the realization of the tendency. It is expressed both in the predominant choice of binary units from the adults’ language that are reproduced prosodically correct, and in cases without prosodic compliance with the original word. Among the latter cases, we observe stress shifts to the left in iambic foot units and transformation of the structures into trochaic foot, shortening of units with ultimate stress to moraic trochees or epenthesis of a final unaccented vowel or syllable resulting in syllabic trochees. The main findings outlined in the analysis of the data of the early speech production are formalized by constraints ranking within OT. The dominant constraints of the minimal word stage are: preservation of the accented syllable and the right edge of the target word, as well as the tendency towards binarity of the speech units and left orientation of the accented syllable. In the next stage of mastering the prosodic structure of the language, a reorganization of the constraints occurs, with the dominant position being the preservation of the components of the prosodic structure in the presence of segmental modifications. The mastery of prosodic information is interpreted as a rearrangement of constructs.

Развитие языковых способностей младшего школьника на уроках математики (на примере учебно-методического комплекта «Перспективная начальная школа»)

Author(s): Tamara Yakovleva,Svetlana Semenova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 7/2017

This work is devoted to the study of methods and techniques that can be used by the teacher of an elementary school on the lessons of the General Cycle for the development of linguistic abilities of younger pupils. In an age of rapid development of information and communication technologies it seems to be especially important to develop linguistic and creative abilities of pupils and students.

Раман “Роджаныя пад Сатурнам” Віктара Вальтара як жанрава-стылёвы феномен

Author(s): Wanda Barouka / Language(s): Belarussian Issue: 6/2014

The first and only novel by V. Valter “Born under Saturn” is an original in genre-style relation work. It combines the features of philosophical, biographical, socio-psychological novel, with a marked predominance of the latter. This is an experimental novel in which the idea of predestination has been developed. The writer uses aesthetic experience of literary predecessors and contemporaries. Quotations from other sources are frequent.

Репрезентация психических состояний: речевые ассоциативные реакции немцев

Author(s): Ekaterina Mihailovna Alekseeva / Language(s): Russian Issue: 5/2018

The problem of universality and specificity in the associative fields of mental states has been investigated using the method of the associative experiment developed by means of the DMDX program. The time of speech response to the shown stimuli – concepts of 34 mental states – has been measured. The examinees (33 students of the University of Hildesheim (Germany) – 27 females and 6 males aged from 20 up to 24 years) were to give their first free associations to the mental states. Nouns, adjectives, verbs, and phrases became speech responses. The most important results as the following ones: 1. The average response time to the concepts of states shown on the computer monitor is 2225.6 milliseconds. 2. To concepts of 34 mental states examinees have given 635 associations – speech reactions, on average in 18.7 associations per state. Based on the obtained results, the main conclusions have been drawn: 1. The average time of speech associative response to names of mental states is significantly longer than the response time found in psycholinguistic studies where the task was naming the stimuli shown on the computer monitor in the form of separate words, phrases, or the whole sentences. 2. The speech responses to names of mental states can build a kernel (the most typical associations), near-kernel layers, and the periphery of associative fields. Only separate associative fields of mental states concepts have a kernel. Near-kernel layers and a rather densely filled periphery are characteristic for the major associative fields.

Репрезентация эмоций группы «сочувствие» в русской языковой картине мира (аксиологический аспект)

Author(s): Larysa Nikolayenko / Language(s): Russian Issue: 13/2016

The article analyzes the axiological characteristics of emotions of the group „Compassion” as verbalized in Russian. The author explicates the influence of hedonistic and moral assessment upon the conceptualization of these emotions in the linguistic consciousness of the Russians.

Рече-поведенческие тактики приветствия в русском и китайском языках

Author(s): Aleftina Yuryevna Chernysheva,Wanjun Chang / Language(s): Russian Issue: 5/2018

The problem of “politeness of rapprochement” (as first defined by Т.V. Larina) concerning the speaking and behavioral tactics of greeting in the Russian and Chinese languages has been considered. Treating the success and effectiveness of greeting tactics use in these languages is relevant due to the ongoing intensification in economic, political, and cultural contacts between Russia and China. The linguistic and cultural features of the speaking and behavioral tactics of greeting in the Russian and Chinese languages have been identified. It has been proved that the similarity concerns the communicative orientation of the tactics for rapprochement with the interlocutor, as well as their structure, including the direct formula of greeting, treatment, and elements of fatal communication. The observed differences concern the national specifics in the use of the speaking and behavioral tactics of greeting in Russia and China. In Russia, the speaking and behavioral tactics of greeting are used either in one of the cultures – secular (profane) or religious (Orthodox), or in both cultures at the same time. The national specificity of the use of the speaking and behavioral tactics of greeting in China is associated with appeals and elements of fatal communication. Despite the presence of considerable differences between Russia and China, the socio-psychological distance between communicants in Russia is less than in China, where the judicial relations are determined by profession, position, and often family, i.e., almost exclusively based on the hierarchy of kinship. The national specificity of the use of elements of fatal communication reflects the centuries-old conditions of life of the Chinese nation.

Родствена структура и роднинска терминология (с. Требища, обл. Голо Бърдо, Албания

Author(s): Gergana Coneva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 8/2014

Роль исправлений в выражении доминантной и подчиненной позиции говорящего

Author(s): Nava-Vanda Sahverdova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2013

The article examines the role of other initiated repair in building power relations in a specific kind of legal discourse. In the detailed qualitative analysis of 4 pieces of data we have examined samples of other initiated repair had been made by professional participant of People tribunal session – by judge. The analysis is carried out in theoretical and methodological framework of conversation analysis. In the usage of non-preferred and untypical kind of repair the interactants mutually orient to their institutional identities, and in that process the other initiated repair became a device of building asymmetry in discourse.

Русский язык в восприятии студентов филологического факультета: русисты vs. нерусисты

Author(s): Yulia Grinko / Language(s): Russian Issue: -/2016

This article analyses the perception of the Russian language by students of the Faculty of Philology of Vilnius University. The purpose of the study is to find out what associations are linked with the Russian language by students of different specialties, classify them by semantic areas and try to interpret them according with the sociolinguistic back¬ground of Lithuania by conducting a psycholinguistic experiment. The experiment was carried out in the Autumn of 2014 with the help of students of Lithuanian, English, Polish and Russian philology. 1 333 responses were received. The greatest number of semantic areas to distinguish was derived from the students of Russian philology, who provided more associations as compared to philologists of other languages. For those informants who have a poor command of Russian or do not know the language at all the associations are more often based on political and historic events.

Савјетовање о језику уџбеника

Author(s): Blažo Miličević / Language(s): Croatian,Serbian Issue: 1/1977

Завод за уџбенике и наставна средства из Београда (Сектор за научноистраживачке и стручноаналитичке послове) организовао je 21. и 22. децембра 1976. године Савјетовање о језику уџбеника. Савјетовање je одржано y Београду, y Дому инжињера и техничара.

Сближаване и раздалечаване на балканските народи и техните езици

Author(s): Ilya Zlatanov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 5/2022

The article examines the interaction of the Balkan peoples in the composition of multinational empires. Widespread multilingualism and frequent switching from one language to another eventually led to the formation of the Balkan Linguistic Union. With the rise of national consciousness in the 19th century and the change of political configuration, the process of convergence of the Balkan languages was interrupted. Moreover, individual regional dialects of some languages, once united by a common name, took on a life of their own. But there is also a reverse process, languages artificially separated for political reasons are regaining their former integrity.

Свобода на словото и/или езикова агресия

Author(s): Elena Kreychova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2017

The text examines the issues of freedom of speech in terms of social sciences and linguistics. Freedom of speech and its limits are confronted with manifestations of linguistic aggression. The text presents the legal protection of this fundamental human right but also the obligations that must be followed in its practice. The text tries to present some of the concepts of linguistic aggression, without being exhaustive and to indicate some areas of aggressive verbal behavior in the context of the common manifestations of human aggression.

Свръхгенерализирани форми на множествено число на съществителните имена, продуцирани от деца в предучилищна възраст с нормално езиково развитие и със специфични езикови нарушения (СЕН)

Author(s): Yuliana Stoyanova,Bozhanka Nikolova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2021

The article presents the data of an experiment for eliciting plural forms of nouns by preschool children (aged 5-7 years) with normal language development and with specific language impairments (SLI). Special attention is paid to the overgeneralizations in children’s production. The results show that all children produce overgeneralizations, but children with SLI compared to children with normal language development display both a higher total number of errors, and a higher variety of overgeneralized forms.

Семиотика пространства и функциональная асимметрия мозга

Author(s): Vadim Lvovich Deglin,N. N. Nikolayenko / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/1984

Изучение функциональной асимметрии мозга в отношении порождения и восприятия речи, порождения и опознания музыкальных образов [1 - 3], различения и словесного обозначения цвета [4] убеждает в том, что в организации всех упомянутых деятельностей участвуют и левое, и правое полушария мозга, причем каждое из них использует свой язык, свою семиотическую модель мира. Есть непосредственное изоморфное восприятие действительности, которое опирается на иконическую знаковую систему. Механизмы такого восприятия сконцентрированы в правом полушарии. Есть понятийное отражение действительности, базирующееся на логической переработке чувственных впечатлений.

Сигнали за обратна връзка в два телевизионни жанра – интервю и дискусия

Author(s): Andreana Eftimova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2013

The Feedback signals are verbal or nonverbal means, which express the attitudes and relations between interlocutors. There are convergent and divergent strategies in communications and I study the role of feedback signals in these strategies. In the paper I observe some functional cases of feedback signals appearing, as overlaps, interruptions, repetitions, appeals, index signs, pause, and I compare their usage and their meaning in two TV genres – an interview and a discussion. In conclusion I show most typical convergent and divergent feedback signals for each of these genres and for journalist’s interactive styles.

Симметрия - асимметрия в композиции «III симфонии» Андрея Белого

Author(s): Zara Grigoryevna Mints,E. G. Melnikova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/1984

В первой части автобиографической трилогии А. Белый, рассказывая об условиях создания своей «lll-ей симфонии» («Возврат», 1902), писал: «Правой рукою писал я «Симфонию», где лаборант Хандриков сходит с ума от жизни в лаборатории, левой же - взвешивал на весах анализируемую крупинку, находясь в той именно лаборатории, которую описывал, как сумасшедший дом; левое полушарие мозга исследует дарвинизм и основы механики, а из правого в «Симфонию» излучаются мысли < . . . > над химическою горелкою и над «Возвратом», начатым в гистологической чайной, совершалась «пляска на месте» или проблема увязки эстетической тезы с естественно-научною антитезою».

Скрита речева агресия в изказванията на същинските политически субекти

Author(s): Tsanya Petkova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2016

The article examines the hidden speech aggression as an aspect of communicative pattern in the statements of the political subjects. The presence of hidden aggression in communicative speech acts of the listed subjects has been established and it has been explained the reasons for its existence. The main mechanisms through which the hidden aggression speech takes place have been revealed. For this aim the communicative acts that contain speech aggression has been explored. The speech acts with a hidden aggression have been differentiated and analyzed and output the manners of their manifestation.The article examines the hidden speech aggression as an aspect of communicative pattern in the statements of the political subjects. The presence of hidden aggression in communicative speech acts of the listed subjects has been established and it has been explained the reasons for its existence. The main mechanisms through which the hidden aggression speech takes place have been revealed. For this aim the communicative acts that contain speech aggression has been explored. The speech acts with a hidden aggression have been differentiated and analyzed and output the manners of their manifestation.

Социално-личностни фактори определящи речевото поведение в японските студентски групи

Author(s): Anton Andreev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2009

The article discusses social and personal factors which determine the choice of honorific forms in Japanese university clubs. Analysis is based on questionnaire data. The results imply a certain hierarchy of social and personal factors, as well as the existence of group specific and activity-specific patterns. The most important factor which determines honorific choice is addressee’s in-group history, followed by psychological closeness of both communicators, and addressee’s sex (with only a minimum influence). Culture-activity groups show a more complicated factor-output pattern as compared to athletic groups.

СРАВНИТЕЛЕН АНАЛИЗ НА РЕЧЕВИЯ ЕТИКЕТ В БЪЛГАРСКИЯ И КИТАЙСКИЯ ЕЗИК

Author(s): Tian Jianjun / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2016

The aim of this article "Comparative analysis of speech etiquette in Bulgarian and Chinese language" is a Comparative Analysis of the specifics of speech etiquette in Bulgarian and Chinese language. Based on examples from everyday life are presented and analyzed several situations in salute, address, presentation, thanksgiving, application motive, compliments, etc., where most stand out differences or similarities in the culture of the two nations expressed through speech etiquette, whose ignorance leads to misunderstanding in communication. The article also outlined some national traditions that have the biggest impact on speech etiquette. The paper makes an appeal teaching of native speech etiquette for foreigners should be included in language learning.

Стендъп представлението - структура и общуване между комедиант и публика

Author(s): Zhivko Slavov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2016

This article looks into the stand-up comedy routine while paying closer attention to its similarities with dialogue structure as opposed to a monologue. The ways in which closeness between comedian and audience is achieved, its rationale and the role of the audience are examined as well. Closer attention is paid to the specific framework of a stand-up show. The comedian’s job is not only to make people laugh but to make them feel like they are part of the act. Stand-up routine is analysed as a technique that makes it easier for the comedian to keep the audience constantly involved throughout the show.