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Fiscal Capacity for Euro Area – Towards a Bigger EU Budget?

Author(s): Tomasz Rosiak / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2015

The European Union has recently implemented one of the biggest reform packages in its history. Developed solutions are designed to (1) strengthen EU’s resilience to shocks and (2) improve its shock absorption capabilities. It seems that so far the stress was mainly placed on the first objective. Among the reforms which satisfied the second objective the European Stability Mechanism (ESM) plays the key role. However, this is not the only solution. The European Union is also developing a fiscal capacity for the European Monetary Union (EMU). On the base of a subject literature study, I have developed a model with boundary conditions of fiscal federalism (FF), which then was compared to macroeconomic data for the EU. The results of my findings show that the European Union, and especially the euro area, share a lot of characteristics typical for fiscal federalism. The biggest difference between EMU’s structure and FF model is in-sufficient size of central budget. As a result, the euro area is not equipped with stabilization tools which could act on the very early stage of a crisis. From this point of view, implementation of fiscal capacity in the form of central budget could fill this gap. However, it could bring further fragmentation of economic integration process in the EU, which probably would not positively contribute towards the stability in the political sphere.

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Around the Bloc: Bosnia Courts May Miss Deadlines for War Crime Cases

Author(s): TOL TOL / Language(s): English Issue: 10/27/2015

Most sensitive cases due to be resolved by December, but Bosnia’s courts face huge backlog and alleged lack of will.

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Публично благо ли е игралният филм, създаден изцяло или преимуществено с публични средства?

Author(s): Alexander Staikov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 9/2014

Raising this issue is important for several reasons. First of all, settling it would give an answer to the following question: if it is a public good, is then a cost-benefit analysis, which is the main method of studying public financial return, applicable to the fate of a completed movie? Utility is the major criterion in public funds spending, so is it measurable in the case of Bulgarian feature film projects and is there an answer to the question what utility unit is implemented to measure a unit of invested public resource? On the other hand, to what a degree are the methods for allocating public funds consistent with the traditional legal and economical mechanisms for spending public money? Equally important is the question of holding the project’s authors accountable for appropriate spending as well as of the options for an ex post audit by the public institution involved.

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From village to city through maps: historical cartographic materials as an information source on 20th century environmental changes due to urbanisation in Poland

Author(s): Kamil Nieścioruk / Language(s): English Issue: 31/2016

The article presents the use of historical Polish post-war topographic maps and their usefulness in the detection and assessment of environmental changes caused by 20th century urbanisation. The case study area is the Polish city of Lublin. Two main research questions are defined and answered. The first is what kinds of maps can be used to trace environmental changes as well as to find the present-day remains of past environments and what is the reliability of these maps? Several series of topographic maps are used here together with aerial photography. The second research question is what changes can be found by comparing spatial sources and what features can be found today with the help of early maps. The main features investigated in this section are linear (road networks) and areal (orchards) supplemented with point features of various kinds (trees, wells, shrines). The quality of cartographic information is assessed and remnants of the past environment are discovered.

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Approximating actual flows in physical infrastructure networks: the case of the Yangtze River Delta high-speed railway network

Author(s): Weiyang Zhang,Ben Derudder,Jianghao Wang,Frank Witlox / Language(s): English Issue: 31/2016

Previous empirical research on urban networks has used data on infrastructure networks to guesstimate actual inter-city flows. However, with the exception of recent research on airline networks in the context of the world city literature, relatively limited attention has been paid to the degree to which the outline of these infrastructure networks reflects the actual flows they undergird. This study presents a method to improve our estimation of urban interaction in and through infrastructure networks by focusing on the example of passenger railways, which is arguably a key potential data source in research on urban networks in metropolitan regions. We first review common biases when using infrastructure networks to approximate actual inter-city flows, after which we present an alternative approach that draws on research on operational train scheduling. This research has shown that 'dwell time' at train stations reflects the length of the alighting and boarding process, and we use this insight to estimate actual interaction through the application of a bimodal network projection function. We apply our method to the high-speed railway (HSR) network within the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) region, discuss the difference between our modelled network and the original network, and evaluate its validity through a systemic comparison with a benchmark dataset of actual passenger flows.

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Influence of the A2 motorway on the economic development at local level

Author(s): Marcin Bogdański / Language(s): English Issue: 32/2016

The aim of the paper is to analyze the selected investment in transport infrastructure in terms of its impact on the economy at the local level. The study involves ten gminas within a 60 km radius (approximately 1 hour's traveling distance) of Poznań. Using the available statistical data set, it was determined whether the construction of the motorway had an impact on the number and the structure of enterprises located in the surveyed communities, the levels of gmina revenues, and the situation on the labour market. Performed analysis allowed reaching a positive verification of the research hypothesis, which predicts that the A2 did not have a decisive impact on the economic development of the gminas. In all of the included aspects, gminas located along the A2 were characterized by a relatively high level of economic development compared to the Wielkopolskie Voivodship and the rest of Poland. At the same time, the level of development was lower when compared with gminas within the Poznań Poviat. These results suggest that the decisive factor in shaping the level of economic development was their geographic location in relation to the nearby urban agglomeration of Poznań.

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Turkey’s role in EU’s energy security

Author(s): Recai Aydin,Leman Erdal / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2015

Energy always has been on top of the world agenda as its continuous and reliable supply seen as a security concern. While economic development and growth means better life conditions for citizens; it also means increasing energy demand and use together with key challenges such as sustainable, reliable, secure energy supply and clean energy development or environmental protection for countries. Energy has become an increasingly important part of the Turkey and European Union (EU) relations, with a special emphasis on natural gas. The recent discoveries of natural gas reserves in offshore Caspian Region, also in Eastern Mediterranean and the 2014 Ukraine crisis as well as Russia’s decision to cancel infamous South corridor can eventually reshape the EU-Turkey energy relations, in particular, considering strategic geographical location of Turkey at the crossroads of major natural gas-rich regions like the Caspian Sea region and the Middle East on one hand, and a major natural gas-consuming market, Europe. This study summarizes developments in natural gas flows and routes from major producers like Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan, Iraq and Iran in the Caspian Region and the Middle East to Europe following energy disputes between Russia and Ukraine. It is expected that Turkey would eventually play a key role as a transit country in the future with or without the Russian involvement.

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Dünyada Yaşanan Son Ekonomik Krizlerin Ortak Paydası: Yayılma Etkisi Ve Belirleyicileri Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme

Author(s): Umut Evlİmoğlu,Aslı Yenİpazarli / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 10/2015

In this study, by focusing on the concept of contagion, factors that increase contagion effect will be determined. For this purpose, recent crises occurred in the world were analyzed and their common denominators were tried to be determined. The findings point that they have similar characteristics. The most important common characteristic is the fact that crisis is not limited to the country of origin but has a tendency to spread to other countries. The factors that increase the effect of contagion are countries’ adoption of financial liberalization policies, financial globalization, regional integration, the sanctions of supranational institutions, technology, developments in communication, and innovations in finance. These factors increase mutual commercial, financial connections among countries and thus interdependence, and cause crises to spread to other countries. In case there is no change in these dynamics, it is highly likely that possible future crises will show a similar tendency to spread.

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Kadınların İşgücüne Katılımını Belirleyen Faktörlerin Belirlenmesi: Panel Veri Yaklaşımı

Author(s): Gaye Karpat Çatalbaş / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 10/2015

Since the Industrial Revolution female workforce has always been seen as cheap labor. However, women’s labor force participation is one of the most important factors in ensuring sustainable growth and development for a country. The labor force participation of women in developing countries are given a special emphasis on the need to increase this rate and it is stated that the formation of consensus. One of the major problems of the labor market in Turkey is, the very low participation rate of women in the labor force. In recent years, despite of the increasing of female labor force participation rates in our country, when compared with other countries, it does not meet the expectations. In this study, determination of the factors that affect the labor force participation rate of women in Turkey is aimed. For this purpose, the data of the 12 regions in the IBSS- 1 level for the period 2008- 2013 panel data analysis was performed. Analysis indicated that; fertility rate, divorce rate, informal employment, economic crises and education are the most important factors that affects on female workforce.

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LoRa sensors implementation in forest fire detection

Author(s): Rossitza Goleva,Alexandar Savov,Plamen Draganov,Georgi Yanev,Zhivka Koleva,Ivelin Andreev,Angelin Nedelchev,Peter Peinl,Jugoslav Achkoski,Nikola Kletnikov,Igorche Karafilovski / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2018

The aim of this work is to show the implementation of LoRa sensors in forest fire detection using fixed and mobile field gateways on watch towers and drones. The implementation of test sensors for particle matters, temperature, humidity, CO and CO2 is demonstrated. The best results are obtained for the sensors for particle matters while data related to the humidity and temperature could support forest fire risk analysis. The drone carries a mobile field gateway allowing collection of the data from sensors of difficult proximity. The concepts are proven in the field and main results are used for better network scaling and coverage planning. In parallel to the field experiments we perform simulation of the network scaling with up to 1000 sensors in clusters. The economic feasibility of the created solutions will be analysed after completion of all tests and simulations.

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Strategic approach to renewable energy development: EU experience

Author(s): Valentyna Diatlova,Iryna Petryk / Language(s): English Issue: 2 (35)/2019

The article explores a strategic approach to the development of renewable energy sources in the EU. The main goals and principles in the energy sector are analyzed. The key indicators of the energy sector development are presented. The structure of EU energy resources and the structure of renewable energy sources are reviewed. The experience of the EU countries regarding the development of unconventional energy sources is summarized. The socio-economic implications of the large-scale use of renewable energy are listed. It is recommended to use the experience of the EU in Ukraine and to emphasize on this development strategy of the country, regions, energy industry and enterprises.

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Теоретичні підходи щодо визначення сутності трансферу освітніх знань у системі вищої освіти

Author(s): Oleksandr Levchenko,Anna Kryvorotenko / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 2 (35)/2019

The purpose of the article is to study the mechanism of knowledge transfer at the current stage of development of the domestic economy, as one of the main principles of cooperation of major players in the economic market. Achieving such a result is possible only with the cooperation of resources and powers of central, regional authorities, local self-government, scientific institutions, educational institutions and enterprises, as well as combining their target guidelines in a single system. The article analyzes the current state of the mechanism of knowledge transfer in the world and in Ukraine. Knowledge transfer is no easy task and is not something completed overnight, but with careful preparation and clear goals, it can be accomplished and set your organization up for success in the long term. By focusing on the psychological processes that underlie knowledge transfer within a unit and between units within a firm, this special issue complements work in cognitive psychology on knowledge transfer at the individual level of analysis as well as work in strategy and organizational theory on knowledge transfer at the firm or industry levels of analysis. The analysis of the main commercial forms of transfer of realized knowledge. The cycle of transfer of qualitative knowledge between the universities and the manufacturing sector is considered and a classification of the main types of knowledge transfer is given. The model of the quadruple helix proposed by Itkowitz and its constituent elements is also considered. The relationship between key participants in the knowledge transfer process using the quarter-helix model is investigated. Alternative definitions of the concepts of knowledge transfer and the knowledge transfer center have been proposed. The essence and main advantages of creation of centers of knowledge transfer on a commercial and state basis are revealed. Alternative definitions of the concepts of knowledge transfer and the center of knowledge transfer are proposed. The article analyzes that knowledge transfer is a systematic and purposeful strategy for capturing critical knowledge from key personnel to store and share with within an organization for maximum efficiency. By having a solid, step-by-step strategy to obtain knowledge, the actual transfer of it to relevant parties will be smoother and easier to complete.

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Priority Areas of Development of Ecological and Economic Competitiveness of the Regions in the Developed Countries

Author(s): Nataliia Andrusiak / Language(s): English Issue: 2 (35)/2019

The article is devoted to the review of priority directions of ecological and economic competitiveness of the regions in some developed countries, are revealed ecological types of economic activity, which are preferred by the regions of these countries. It is substantiated that, under the current conditions of ecological and economic development, existing reserves of resources in the regions are not decisive for the development of specific industries; development depends on the latest scientific and technological products in a particular field. The production of environmentally neutral and friendly products allows many regions to reduce their dependency on non-renewable resources without reducing the efficiency of their economic performance. Priority directions of efficiency of development of ecological and economic competitiveness of the regions of the USA and Germany are investigated, and it is determined that the cluster system of organization of ecological productions is based on the ecological and economic activity of most regions in the developed countries.

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Еколого економічні наслідки пожеж у природних екосистемах

Author(s): Viktoria Chuban,Yurii Horbachenko / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 2 (35)/2019

The article is aimed at determining main aspects of the effect the fires in natural eco-systems produce on the economics of Ukraine as a whole. Main tasks are to analyze fire hazard, to determine degree of damage and theorize possible ways of cleaning up the situation at the state level.The methods of evaluation of losses from environmental disasters differ greatly from the methods of evaluation of losses from manmade disasters. First of all, it is connected with significant differences in types and scope of consequences. Every third fire in Ukraine is the one in natural ecosystem, i.e., in general, it is more than 27,000 fires a year at the area of 25,000 ha. Expenditures from the State Budget of Ukraine are analyzed and it is determined that the level of financing of bodies and units of State service of Emergency Situations in Ukraine is not sufficient because the efficiency of emergency response is determined by the level of response readiness of material and technical basis of bodies and units of State Service of Emergency Situations in Ukraine.Due to inadequate level of financing, the necessary level of protection of the population and territories from emergency situations, including fires in ecosystems, will not be achieved. Thus, the main problem was and still is a lack of financing from the state budget to buy fire-fighting equipment and means of fire-fighting. The task of implementation of an ecosystem approach to managerial activity and adapting Ukrainian legislation in the field of environmental protection to the requirements of EU directives is crucial by the year 2020. Implementation of modern integrated systems of early detection of fires, increase of readiness of fire-fighting forces, modernization of technical means of fire extinguishing and conducting of fire propaganda using modern information technologies should be the priority directions of further development of ecosystem protection in Ukraine, as well as in other countries of the world.Fires in natural ecosystems lead to significant economic losses and negative environmental consequences and are a dangerous phenomenon in the environment, which, in its turn, leads to destabilization of sustainable development. The solution of the problem of ensuring an adequate level of protection in natural ecosystems from fires and their negative consequences is the complex phased solution of problem issues of proper financing of fire and rescue units, including additional financing from the local budget.

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Вплив реформи місцевого оподаткування на формування доходів сільських бюджетів

Author(s): Vitaliy Pysmennyi / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 2 (35)/2019

The purpose of the study is to substantiate the need to introduce a subsystem of own taxation in the countryside and to characterize taxes and fees, which should become an additional source of revenue of rural budgets.The criteria that are consistent with the specifics of introducing own taxes and fees by the authorities in the countryside have been developed. In particular, they relate to a unique tax base, taxation of objects tied to a certain area, ensuring a small difference in the tax burden within different territories, avoiding high costs for tax administration. The order of calculation and the mechanism of the fee payment for collection of biological resources of a forest fund, fees for the extraction of minerals for own use, fees for occupying the territory of the settlement, fees for the use of local symbols for commercial purposes, taxes on trade outside markets, fees for the placement of external advertising, fees for the arrangement of territories have been characterized. Their role in shaping the revenue base of rural budgets has been determined, which should be related to the ability of the government authorities in the village to solve vital tasks on their own and envisages the ability to provide with the necessary revenues without the involvement of external sources. The emphasis has been made on the fact that the subsystem of own taxation should open up opportunities for combining different forms and methods of taxation depending on the principles of fiscal adequacy, economic efficiency, social justice, administrative simplicity, stability, tax flexibility and others, which are acceptable to local governments.It has been established that own taxes and fees should become an additional source of revenue of rural budgets, evolving from the system of local taxation. The peculiarity of their implementation is connected with the expansion of the right of the tax initiative, in which the authorities in the countryside will be able to independently introduce taxes and fees, to determine their elements of taxation, taking into account natural and climatic, geographical, social and demographic, economic and other factors.

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Formation of the Mechanism of Providing Corporate Social Responsibility as an Integral Part of Effective Enterprise Activity

Author(s): Mariya Buhaieva,Valentina Ruban / Language(s): English Issue: 2 (35)/2019

The authors proposed the content and consistency of the stages of the formation of the corporate social responsibility mechanism in the enterprise management system; in particular, the company's corporate social responsibility tools (internal and external) are determined, depending on the orientation towards the different groups of stakeholders. The form of implementation of corporate social responsibility tools in the enterprise management system and their application at the levels of management is developed, which allows determining the levels and sequence of both implementation and use of tools of social responsibility. Specific organizational and value-creating mechanisms are identified which should be used to integrate corporate social responsibility into enterprise strategy. Possible main disadvantages of integrating corporate social responsibility into the management system, documents and processes of the enterprise are outlined.

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Застосування хмарних технологій в обліку та управлінні підприємствами реального сектору економіки

Author(s): Olena Volot / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 2 (35)/2019

The purpose of the article is the research and application of cloud technologies in the accounting and management of enterprises in the real sector of the economy and defining the main advantages and disadvantages of using cloud technologies for consumers and organizations. The scientific and practical literature does not sufficiently cover the issues of determining the current state, tendencies of development and use of cloud technologies in accounting and enterprise management, experience of implementation of "clouds" in leading countries of the world, implementation and use of cloud computing as components of new ICTs for enterprise management of the real sector of economy countries.Issues about experience of the current state and trends of development and use of cloud technologies in accounting and management of enterprises, about the experience of implementing "clouds" in the leading countries of the world, about the experience in using cloud computing as components of new ICTs for accounting and management of enterprises in the real sector of the country's economy are highlighted. Models of cloud-based technologies targeting the end-user are presented, as well as examples of application of cloud technologies in accounting automation and enterprise management and cloud platforms of modern corporations are presented. The main advantages and disadvantages of using cloud technologies for consumers and organizations, risks of using cloud services are determined, and it is proved that modern cloud technologies are a progressive and promising solution, one of the elements of the revolutionary "third IT platform". The use of cloud technologies will make it much more efficient to use the technical and economic potential of the state, enterprises and individuals, what significantly reducing the cost of implementing the IT services system. Thus, modern cloud technologies are a progressive and promising solution, one of the elements of the revolutionary "third IT platform." Their rapid spread nowadays is one of those key trends that in the next 5-8 years will have a significant impact on global development.

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Бізнес-планування як елемент фінансово-економічного аналізу в умовах антикризового управління авіакомпанією

Author(s): Nadiia Kovalenko,Nataliia Stoliarchuk / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 2 (35)/2019

The paper is devoted to the research exploring ways to apply elements of financial and economic indicators and business planning as a mechanism of crisis management, a well as the development of practical recommendations for improving the management of commercial activities of airlines in Ukraine in the modern market. Intercontinental integration of civil aviation entities and the transition to market conditions of operation regulate the new conditions of airlines. Most Ukrainian airlines are forced to operate in the absence of funds, an outdated fleet of aircraft, imperfect control, which consequently leads to the loss of the ability of airlines to operate effectively, being in a state of crisis. The article discusses and defines the methods of applying economic analysis and business planning as the main elements for assessing the financial and economic state of Ukrainian airlines in terms of crisis management. Practical recommendations are given on how to increase the effectiveness of the anti-crisis business management of commercial airlines in Ukraine in the context of European integration.The analysis of literary sources made it possible to specify that the problem of systematization and the development of assessment questions and crisis management of airlines using economic analysis and business planning is associated with the reflection of new trends in the development of world air transport. Ukrainian airlines do not use business planning as a system of financial and economic analysis of the state and crisis management, which does not meet the requirements of the practice of modern world aviation. The article proposes ways to use elements of financial and economic analysis and business planning as a mechanism for crisis management and the development of practical recommendations to improve the efficiency of commercial activities of Ukrainian airlines in modern conditions.

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Аналіз альтернативності процедур публічних закупівель для фінансування державних програм

Author(s): Iryna Drozd,Mariia Pysmenna / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 2 (35)/2019

Public procurement constitutes a significant part of the state budget expenditures of the public sector institutions. The issue of efficient use of money is related to the economical use of funds for the public procurement needs of the customer. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to study the effectiveness of public procurement procedures by type, which will serve as the basis for the choice of alternative management decisions at the stage of planning the spending of the budgetary institution’s funds for their effective use. The results of the study are intended to provide greater transparency in public procurement activities.The task of choosing the acceptable procurement procedures, both in terms of legislation and for the purpose of economical use of funds, is relevant for the customers’ financial management. The study of the public procurement procedures’ alternatives was based on the research of their application practice in 2013-2018. The analysis of quantitative and cost indicators of procurement procedures under separate procedures: open bidding, two-stage bidding/competitive dialogue, requests for bids, pre-qualification of participants, and negotiated procurement procedure. The calculation of the procurement procedures efficiency is applied using the planned value of the expected value of public procurement. Directions to improve the public procurement analysis through alternative procedures evaluation in terms of their effectiveness are suggested.We used the conducted procurement procedures in accordance with the legally approved procedure for their application as a quantitative indicator of the procurement procedures evaluation. Incomplete or canceled procedures were excluded from the quantitative estimates for all periods studied. It is established that the vast majority of purchases were made through open auctions. We have used the amounts of contracts concluded as a result of successful procurement procedures to study the cost characteristics of procurement procedures.Value fluctuations have been established over the study period, which is explained by significant changes in the legislation regarding the regulation of the obligation to conduct procurement through tendering procedures.Therefore, the problem of analyzing the public procurement procedures alternatives is suggested to be solved by directing the organization of the expected value of procurement by those procedures, which allow obtaining the highest cost savings due to tendering on the electronic procurement system and achieving the goal of procurement through the optimal price/quality ratio.

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Ethno-professional Dialogues from Bacău Interwar Period. Aspects of the Evolution of Urban Economy

Author(s): Alin Popa,Violeta Popa / Language(s): English,Romanian Issue: 24/2019

The article focuses on the economic evolution of the city of Bacău, over a relatively large period of time – from the mid-19th century to the end of the interwar period. The demographic specificity of Bacău, an ethnic mosaic, dominated by the presence of the Romanian, Jewish and Armenian communities, allowed us to develop a unique segment of analysis of the urban economy in a research from an ethnic perspective.As we will illustrate in the article, the city’s economy used to have clear ethnic divisions, with surprising percentages of Jewish domination and a high degree of territorial “ghettoization” of the economic sectors. From the bibliographic point of view, the article is based on a consistent investigation of the demographic studies as well as the local archival sources, which have privileged the lists of voters, the lists with the economic operators highlighted by the Bacău City Hall, the Chamber of Commerce and Industry, etc. The article deals with a topic less addressed in the specialized literature – the modern and interwar economy of small and medium-sized urban centres in the central area of Moldova. Numerous archival sources cited within the paper are unique, which ensures a high degree of interest the article.

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