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Kicsinyítő képzők az erdélyi régiségben

Author(s): Borbála Zsemlyei / Language(s): Hungarian

The analysis of diminutive suffixes and the diminutive derivatives has been marginalized in the linguistic descriptions.Diminutive suffixes form a special group of denominal nominalizing suffixes. Their primary role is not the creation of new words but the expressions of semantic nuances, and that is why they cannot be considered typical suffixes. Their formation, their apparition is rooted in the attitudes of the speakers, in the linguistic ambition to avoid plainness in phrasing. The most important characteristic of diminution lies in its playfulness.As a result of this, diminutive suffixes have significantly spread in the different languages, nevertheless their frequency, productivity, their systemic nature differs in all these languages. In English, for example, there are relatively few diminutive suffixes in comparison with other European languages (Spanish, Italian, Russian), while in the Swedish language except for some lexicalized derivatives there are no diminutives at all. On the other hand there are differences in complexity of the systems between the different languages. In the Hungarian and German languages there are only a few formants available to the speakers (‑cska/‑cske, -ka/-ke; -lein, -chen), while in Russian diminutives form a complex system, and speakers can choose the most appropriate one according to their semantic and pragmatic features (Bronislava 1987, Dahl 2006: 594).The category of diminutive suffixes shows a certain kind of consistency throughout the history of the language: although during the periods of the history of the language some new elements appeared to express diminution, their group thus being enlarged, their meaning basically stayed the same, the modifications add nuances only. Another particular characteristic of this group of suffixes is that the ancient formants have not disappeared, they still exist in a few derivatives and in some dialects. The function of -csa/-cse from the second half of the Old Hungarian period was limited to the creation of pet names (e.g. Ancsa, Borcsa, Julcsa), in the Slavonian dialect this was the most frequent diminutive at the beginning of the 20thcentury (e.g. aprócsa, egércse, küszöbcse), moreover it was not rare in adverbs, either (e.g. nagyszerűcsén) (Zsilinszky 2003: 181).The subject of this research was the analysis of the 16–19th century diminutives in the Transylvanian Hungarian Historical Dictionary (THHD), as well as that of the diminutive derivatives (which may be lexicalized). I chose this particular subject because as an editor of the THHD I realized that this dictionary provides extremely rich linguistic data. The analysis of the determined period and region based on the marked data constitutes an organic part of other researches in language history, completing them, as such an extensive analysis has not been carried out on this group of the denominal nominalizing suffixes.The analysis of diminutive suffixes represents a small fraction of the linguistic research, in connection of which – mainly based on the bibliography – one cannot say much. Nevertheless during the more thorough analysis it became obvious that applying several aspects we can get a detailed picture of the use of diminutives in the Old Hungarian language in Transylvania. The results of the analysis refer to the Transylvanian regional standard of the period stated above (from the point of view of language history the Middle and New Hungarian period), because as the title of the THHD suggests, it contains the linguistic data of the Eastern Hungarian speech area.Due to the specific nature of the subject it was a requirement to perform a thorough analysis from as many perspectives as possible. As a result of which I enlarged the traditional description of diminutives – which is based on morphological aspects –, and I took into consideration their sociolinguistic determination, pragmatic character, geographic distribution.The research was not extended to the present day diminutives (from the Transylvanian or Hungarian dialects), nor to other denominal nominalizing suffixes.The aim of this work is the presentation of the diminutive suffixes used in the Old Hungarian language in Transylvania (16–19th century), as well as the description of their connection rules, morphological, syntactic, morphopragmatical, semantic features, their sociolinguistic determination and geographic distribution.

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Antropologiczno-językowe wizerunki duszy w perspektywie międzykulturowej. Tom 2. Świat oczyma duszy

Author(s): / Language(s): English,Russian,Polish

"The monograph opens an interdisciplinary discourse about the notion [of the soul] and the changes it has undergone over the centuries. (…) The aim of starting this interdisciplinary and international discussion on the phenomenon of the soul was to create a common research platform where to present the positions of representatives of different milieus within the humanities. (…) The monograph features studies by dozens of authors from research centres both in Poland and abroad. (…) The subject matter of the soul, spirit and spirituality is at the heart of the humanities, constituting a point of departure for research on the immaterial dimension of reality that connects the traditional and the present-day. Reflection about the essence of humanity and man’s existence in this world and questions about a continuation of this existence after physical death have accompanied mankind forever, no matter the time or place. The belief about a post-mortem form of being is attested in funerary rites conducted by both the primordial peoples and the advanced civilizations that have expressed the questions of the condition humana as religious and philosophical systems reflected in literature, the arts, the humanities, and language” (from the introduction by E. Masłowska). The second volume of the series is comprised by works devoted to the images of the soul in literature and visual art as well as in the Christian, Indian, Chinese, African and Persian spiritualities.

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Antropologiczno-językowe wizerunki duszy w perspektywie międzykulturowej. Tom I. Dusza w oczach świata

Author(s): / Language(s): English,Russian,Czech,Polish

"The monograph opens an interdisciplinary discourse about the notion [of the soul] and the changes it has undergone over the centuries. (…) The aim of starting this interdisciplinary and international discussion on the phenomenon of the soul was to create a common research platform where to present the positions of representatives of different milieus within the humanities. (…) The monograph features studies by dozens of authors from research centres both in Poland and abroad. (…) The subject matter of the soul, spirit and spirituality is at the heart of the humanities, constituting a point of departure for research on the immaterial dimension of reality that connects the traditional and the present-day. Reflection about the essence of humanity and man’s existence in this world and questions about a continuation of this existence after physical death have accompanied mankind forever, no matter the time or place. The belief about a post-mortem form of being is attested in funerary rites conducted by both the primordial peoples and the advanced civilizations that have expressed the questions of the condition humana as religious and philosophical systems reflected in literature, the arts, the humanities, and language” (from the introduction by E. Masłowska).

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ZGODA w rozumieniu Polaków czasów staro- i średniopolskich (analiza leksykalno-semantyczna)

Author(s): Beata Raszewska-Żurek / Language(s): Polish

The object of the analysis is zgoda (harmony) – a concept derived from the social sphere and at the same time a value which was universally recognised by Poles of the Old Polish and Middle Polish periods. The concept zgoda is expressed linguistically with the lexeme zgoda and its lexical family (zgodny, zgodliwy, zgodzić/zgadzać się and their antonyms), as well as, albeit rarely, with other lexemes. A detailed study was conducted concerning the hyperonym of the concept zgoda – the lexeme zgoda along with its derivatives, and its oppositum – niezgoda, the hyperonym of the opposite concept niezgoda (disharmony). Such comparative analysis of opposite concepts serves to better demonstrate their sense and clearly presents the evaluation associated with them. The work is based on the material of card indices for three dictionaries of the subsequent periods in the development of the Polish language – the Słownik staropolski [A Dictionary of the Old Polish Language], the Słownik polszczyzny XVI w. [A Dictionary of the Polish Language of the 16th Century], and the Słownik polszczyzny XVII i 1. poł. XVIII w. [A Dictionary of the Polish Language of the 17th Century and the First Half of the 18th Century]. A total of 4937 usages of lexemes of the zgoda lexical family have been analysed – including 3932 units derived from zgoda and 1005 units derived from niezgoda.

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Eзикът на Библията. Български синодален превод 1925 г. (Върху материал от Евангелието)

Author(s): Diana Ivanova / Language(s): Bulgarian

The history of contemporary printed Bulgarian translations of the Bible is closely related to the history of the Bulgarian literary language, it covers the period of its initial formation (the first decades of the nineteenth century), encompasses its accelerated construction in the third quarter of the nineteenth century, and during the final stage of its formation emerges the full edition of the official Bulgarian version of the Holy Scripture (1871). The problems of literary language construction during its various periods are reflected in the translation of the Bible as well: from P. Sapunov (the first complete translation of the Gospel, 1828) to the full Constantinople edition of the Bible (1871) chronologically passed several decades, but in qualitative terms and in view of the literary-language development, this was a whole epoch. Not only whole generations of authors changed, but also significant changes occurred in the linguistic construction policy and practice, preceded by lively debates among the Bulgarian intellectuals.In this respect the synodical translation of the Bible from 1925 is a valuable source for the history of the Bulgarian literary language, presenting the final stage in the formation of its normative system. As a result of the comparison between the translation of gospel books and the Revival translations, important conclusions are drawn about the qualities of each of them, about the refinement of their lexical and grammatical basis, about the nature of lexical units and synonymy, about tradition and continuity, as well as about the whole development of the literary language in a not so short a period – about a century. Comparison of texts from different chronological layers makes it possible to register and track the dynamics of the normative processes that led to the upgrading aspect of the linguistic standard (by means of intellectualising and forming a system of style formation tools), as a result of which a more complete and generalized image of the linguistic incarnation in the contemporary Bulgarian versions of the "Eternal Book" and the various stylistic transfigurations in them can be compiled.

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Лингвистическая идея числительного в русских грамматиках XVIII–XIX веков

Author(s): Maksim Duszkin / Language(s): Russian

This book sets out to analyze how the idea of the numeral developed in Russian grammars over the course of the 18th and 19th centuries. In the first works on grammar, the numeral was not treated as a separate part of speech. Some scholars identified numerals with adjectives, others viewed them as a group of words the meanings of which are associated with number and which belong to one of two basic types of the name (i.e., nouns and adjectives), while yet others saw in numerals a separate, third type of the name. Later on, when nouns and adjectives were no longer considered as subtypes of one part of speech (the name), many scholars still did not regard numerals as a separate part of speech but identified them with, e.g., adjectives. In terms of composition, the class of numerals was represented differently by different authors but it always encompassed the words “три”, “пять” etc. (so-called definite cardinal numerals) and usually the words “третий”, “пятый” etc. (ordinal numerals).

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15.62 €

La imagen del gitano en la lexicografía española

Author(s): Ivo Buzek / Language(s): Spanish

The monograph deals with the history of treatment that receive lexical units of Gypsy origin in Spanish monolingual dictionaries, especially in the editions of the normative Spanish Royal Academy dictionary of the Spanish language. The issue is being studied from the quantitative as well as qualitative point of view, i.e. the evolution of definitions, lexicographical marcs and etymological notes. Special attention is paid to the evolution of their treatment in the microstructure. The results from Spanish Royal Academy dictionary are then compared with the treatment that receive these words in the dictionary of contemporary Spanish by Manuel Seco et al.

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9.99 €

English Literature Advancing Through History 1. Old English (Anglo-Saxon) and Medieval Periods

Author(s): Petru Golban / Language(s): English

It appears that literary work possesses eternal temporal validity due to its autonomous aesthetic value, whereas criticism provides points of view having temporary and transitory significance. Despite such claims, the vector of methodology in our series of books, dealing with the history of English literature, relies on Viktor Shklovsky, T. S. Eliot, Mikhail Bakhtin, and especially Yuri Tynyanov, whose main reasoning would be that literature is a system of dominant, central and peripheral, marginalized elements – to us, “tradition” (centre) versus “innovation” (margin) engaged in a “battle” for supremacy, demarginalization, and the right to form a new literary system – and the development or historical advancement of literature is the substitution of systems. Roman Jakobson and French structuralism, on the whole, later Linda Hutcheon, with her “system” and “constant”, and Bran Nicol with the “dominant”, to say nothing about Itamar Even-Zohar and his theory of polysystem, to a certain extent Julia Kristeva, and even Homi Bhabha – as well as our humble contribution, by means of the books in the present series, we would like to believe – maintain Tynyanov’s line of thinking and concepts alive, which have developed and emerged nowadays more like a kind of “neo-formalism”. Contents | Preface | Introduction: Approaching Literary Practice and Studying British Literature in History | Preliminaries: Learning Literary Heritage through Critical Tradition or Back to Tynyanov | The Idea of Literature as a Critical Concern in Classical Times and in the Middle Ages | Old English (Anglo-Saxon) Literature | Old English (Anglo-Saxon) Poetry | Lyrical Poetry: Caedmon, Cynewulf, Anonymous Poems | Epic Poetry: Beowulf Within and Beyond a Great Tradition |Old English (Anglo-Saxon) Prose | The Venerable Bede and Alfred the Great | The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle and the Rise of a National Consciousness | Medieval LiteratureThe Anglo-Norman Literature | The Medieval Romance: Between Imitation and Originality | Geoffrey Chaucer and His Epoch | The Canterbury Tales: The Aesthetic Monument of Medieval Literature | The Fifteenth-Century Literature | English Drama in Its Incipient Stage | Conclusion: The Beginnings of British Literature | References and Suggestions for Further Reading | Index

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В безкрая вечен и незрим

Author(s): / Language(s): English,Bulgarian,French,Czech,Serbian

This anniversary collection is dedicated to Prof. DSc. Zhorzheta Cholakova’s research contributions. She works in the fields of Czech literature, Comparative Slavic Literary Studies, Translation and Translation Reception, and Literary Theory and publishes in Bulgarian, Czech and French. Contributors to this book include academic researchers from Bulgaria and abroad (Czech Republic, France, Republic of Srpska and Great Britain) who work in the above-mentioned fields or whose research has common ground with topics and problems explored by Prof. Cholakova. The texts are in Bulgarian, Czech, English and French.

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Kopitarovo četveroevanđelje : monografija

Author(s): Mehmed Kardaš / Language(s): Bosnian

Stored in the National and University Library in Ljubljana under the signature mark Cod. 24, Kopitar’s gospel is one of about thirty preserved texts of the Bosnian Church Slavonic literacy. The codex was written in the second half of the 14th century under the auspices of members of the Bosnian Church, but soon after the fall of the Bosnian Kingdom it was preserved in an Orthodox monastery, where its original appearance was changed by reparations and adjustments to suit the Serbian Orthodox Church liturgy.The philological analysis of this relatively well-preserved codex imposed itself as a research task whose results should provide the most important knowledge about the codex itself and the process of editing its text at all levels of realization, as well as the position of the manuscript in relation to the Church Slavic canonical and the Bosnian group of codices.The entire codex, which is by all features – codicological, graphetic and linguistic – a typical representative of the Bosnian tradition, was more or less carefully written in the Bosnian Cyrillic by one scribe. The majority of medieval Bosnian religious texts were written in the same type of this version of the Cyrillic alphabet, which, along with lapidary and office script,represents a version of the Western Cyrillic script.Orthographic features of Kopitar’s gospel are shown in adhering to the Bosnian spelling tradition, which follows the oldest Old Church Slavic matrix, primarily the Glagolitic script, which is confirmed in the solutions of ambivalent values of individual letters. In addition to their true values, the letter ѣ has the value /ja/; the letter е serves as the value /je/ in the initial and post-vowel position; letters л and н entail the values /ĺ/ and /ń/; whilethe letter jerv only had the value /đ/ for the scribe of Kopitar’s gospel. Aslight distance from the Bosnian spelling tradition can be assumed in amore frequent use of ligature ѥ.The language of Kopitar’s gospel marks the breakthrough of dialectal innovations from the Western Shtokavian base. Besides Ikavian as a distinguishable feature of this literacy which is in Kopitar’s manuscript massively present and most likely indicates the Ikavian organic idiom of the scribe, other western features are also registered in the codex: the reflex/j/ < *dj, and, rarely, the reflection of the group va < vь. Furthermore, in the entire codex, other linguistic features are recorded, which testify about the condition of the Shtokavian speech during the second half of the 14thcentury, such as the vocalization of the semivowel u /a/, the reflex /u/ < vь,etc. Since there are no examples in the codex of changing the final l > /o/which is found in other Bosnian gospels written at the end of the 14th and the beginning of the 15th century, this leads to the conclusion that the time of writing of Kopitar’s manuscript could be moved towards the middle of the 14th century.

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LEKSIKOLOGIJA I LEKSIKOGRAFIJA I

Author(s): / Language(s): Bosnian,Bulgarian,Russian,Slovenian,Serbian,Montenegrine

Međunarodni naučni skup “Leksikografski postupak u različitim tipovima referentnih djela” održan je u Sarajevu 27–28. maja 2022. godine. Organizator skupa bio je Centar za leksikologiju i leksikografiju Odjeljenja humanističkih nauka u saradnji s Federalnim ministarstvom obrazovanja i nauke, a domaćin Akademija nauka i umjetnosti Bosne i Hercegovine. Skup je otvorio akademik Muris Čičić, predsjednik ANUBiH-a. Zbog pandemije koronavirusa Organizacioni odbor odlučio se za hibridno odvijanje skupa: uživo i onlajn. U radu skupa sudjelovali su lingvisti iz Bosne i Hercegovine, Bugarske, Crne Gore, Poljske, Rusije, SAD-a, Slovenije i Srbije. Podneseni referati i plodna diskusija pokazali su savremeno stanje i dostignuća leksikološko-leksikografskih istraživanja u Bosni i Hercegovini, srednjojužnoslavenskom i drugim (južno)slavenskim jezicima i šire. U ovom zborniku objavljuju se radovi koje su autori blagovremeno dostavili Organizacionom odboru. Prilozi obrađuju različite teme u referentnim djelima i korpusima. Iz raznih uglova i koristeći različite metode propituju jezičku prošlost i sadašnjost, dijalekatsku i terminološku leksiku, savremene opisne i specijalne jednojezičke i dvojezičke rječnike te enciklopedije. Prilozi nisu grupirani tematski; nižu se abecednim redom prema prezimenima autora. U vrijeme održavanja skupa upriličeno je gostujuće predavanje prof. dr. Danka Šipke (Arizona, SAD) o temi “Geografija riječi”. Zbornik okončava tekstom tog predavanja. Zahvaljujemo autoricama i autorima priloga, recenzentici i recenzentu te svima koji su pomogli u organizaciji skupa i izdavanju zbornika. Nadamo se da će zbornik naći svoje čitaoce među lingvistima, etnolozima, antropolozima i u širem krugu zainteresiranih za leksikološko-leksikografske teme.

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Славянские претериты с исторической точки зрения: к истории форм перфекта в русском языке (на материале служебных миней на май XI-XIII вв.)

Author(s): Anastasia Sokolova / Language(s): Russian

The present monograph is engaging to the development of the analytical construction, which is traditionally called the perfect tense and which served as the basis for the universal preterit of the present Russian. As the primary source of materials were chosen Slavonic liturgical Menaions for the month of May from 11th to 13th centuries (Putyatina Mineya, 11th c., Menaion Sof. 203, 12th c., Menaion Sof. 204, 13th c.). Since the examined texts are translations from Ancient Greek, also the Greek Mineje was used to analyse the units under examination.

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Eight Fragments from the World of Serbian, Croatian, Bosnian and Montenegrin Languages: Selected South Slavonic Studies 1

Author(s): Pavel Krejčí / Language(s): English

The book presents a summary of the selected studies and analyses in the field of South Slavonic studies, but above all on questions related to Serbo-Croatian and the languages in which it transformed after 1990 (Serbian, Croatian, Bosnian, Montenegrin). The chapters are mainly socio-linguistically focused. The book starts with general overview of South Slavonic languages, their classification, grammar, but also the graphical systems used in the South Slavonic area. In the next chapters it pays attention mainly to the problematic elements in the history and the present relations between the particular "Serbo-Croatian" nations and their languages.

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Na szlakach dawnej i współczesnej polszczyzny. Księga jubileuszowa dedykowana Profesor Danucie Bieńkowskiej

Author(s): / Language(s): Polish

Na publikację składają się teksty bardzo zróżnicowane pod względem podejmowanych tematów i stosowanej metodologii. Jest to specyfiką tomów jubileuszowych, które w pewien sposób scala odniesienie do osoby jubilata. W tym przypadku wszystkie teksty dobrze wkomponowują się w całość, tworzą zbiór niejednorodny, lecz ciekawy i oryginalny. Autorzy nawiązują do poruszanych przez jubilata tematów, twórczo je rozwijając lub z nimi polemizując. Pod tym względem osoba Jubilatki, Profesor Danuty Bieńkowskiej, jest gwarantem, że opisywane w publikacji zagadnienia nie mają marginalnego dla nauki charakteru. Tomem zainteresują się przede wszystkim badacze Biblii, jednak krąg potencjalnych odbiorców będzie oczywiście zdecydowanie szerszy ze względu na inne poruszane tu zagadnienia: kwestie normatywne, językoznawczo zorientowaną stylistykę, synchroniczne i diachroniczne badania nad polszczyzną. Z recenzji dr hab. Anetty Luto-Kamińskiej

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Atlas nářečí českého jazyka – nominativ singuláru feminin

Author(s): Martina Ireinová,Vít Voženílek,Jakub Koníček / Language(s): Czech

The Atlas of Czech Dialects - Nominative Singular Feminine is the result of an interdisciplinary collaboration between experts from the Dialectology Department of the Institute of Czech Language of the Czech Academy of Sciences and experts from the Department of Geoinformatics of the Faculty of Science of Palacký University in Olomouc. The Atlas presents not only the dialectal phenomena that are declining and disappearing, but also the phenomena that are still alive. The main analytical dialect maps show the morphological differences in the territory of the Czech national language. The accompanying maps of spelling variations illustrate the overall territorial picture of the word form under study. In addition to the dialect maps and brief expert dialectological comments, the atlas contains texts describing the realities of former rural life, farming methods and customs, infographics, links to audiorecords and illustrative images created by artificial intelligence tools. The expert explanations are complemented by rich dialectal material, while the popular format of the texts ensures accessibility to a wide range of people interested in our dialect. Data from the Questionnaire for Research on Czech Dialects, processed into thematic maps, are brought to life by photographs taken by dialectologists half a century ago during field research.

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8.00 €

Ivan Poldauf: Sebrané spisy. Svazek III (English papers)

Author(s): Markéta Janebová,Michaela Martinková,Jaroslav Macháček / Language(s): English

This monograph is the third and last volume of the critical edition of the linguistic papers of Ivan Poldauf, a prominent Czech linguist and lexicographer, the founder of English Studies at Palacký University Olomouc, and later a professor at Charles University in Prague. Ivan Poldauf (15 September 1915 – 9 August 1984) was an Anglicist and a Bohemist whose scope of interests was incredibly broad, ranging from theoretical linguistics (his works cover all levels of language representation) to applied linguistics. The third volume comprises his works published in English, covering 34 years of his career between 1950 and 1984.

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10.00 €

Capita Selecta z nizozemské lingvistiky

Author(s): Kateřina Křížová / Language(s): Czech

This updated edition of the publication provides an insight into Dutch philology with a focus on linguistics, including the latest scholarship on the Dutch language. The introductory chapters provide a summary of current data concerning the use of Dutch in the world and a characterization of Dutch in terms of the genetic classification of languages, including a brief history of the Dutch language with regard to the process of language standardization and developmental trends. Furthermore, the book introduces the selected linguistic disciplines (phonetics and phonology, morphology, syntax, lexicology and lexicography, pragmalinguistics), mainly on the basis of examples of various linguistic phenomena from contemporary Dutch. The book also includes a discussion of Dutch in contact with other languages and the characteristics of different varieties of contemporary Dutch. The book also includes an overview of the history of non-Dutch studies, both in the Dutch language area and in the Czech Republic and Slovakia.

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6.00 €

Třikrát o autorství

Author(s): Barbora Anna Janečková,Anna Tichá,Jan Fiedler / Language(s): Czech

From a mysterious text from the 15th century through authorship attribution in internet communication to the analysis of prefixes in forensic linguistics. That is Thrice About Authorship – a book of three student works that combines forensic linguistics and the search for the origin and authors of texts. The first part discusses the methods used to determine the origin of the Voynich Manuscript – a mysterious text written in an unknown script. The second part seeks to say whether it is possible to distinguish the authors of comments from news servers, using methods that enumerate selected linguistic features. The third part also falls into the field of forensic linguistics – it examines the possibility of using the frequency of prefixes to differentiate text writers.

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7.00 €

Le concept linguistique d’opérativité

Author(s): Samuel Henri Bidaud / Language(s): French

The concept of operativity is fundamental for modern and contemporary linguistics. However, its genealogy, its main principles, and its possible applications to other fields have not been explored until now. This book shows at first to which extent the notion of operativity is central to three main linguistic theories of the 20th century: the Psychomechanics of Language of Gustave Guillaume, the Structural Syntax of Lucien Tesniere, and the Transformational Generative Grammar of Noam Chomsky. The second part of the book is dedicated to the Czech language and studies, within the frame of operative linguistics, two parts of speech, the noun and the verb. The last part applies the concept of operativity to literature by analyzing In Search of Lost Time.

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6.00 €

De opkomst van de Nederlandse grammatica. Over grammaticalisatie en andere verwante ontwikkelingen in de geschiedenis van het Nederlands

Author(s): Martin Konvička / Language(s): Dutch

Grammaticalization has received a great deal of attention in recent decades. This paper reflects on the debates and uses their results to look at the processes in Dutch. The author understands grammaticalization as those processes that lead to the emergence of new or change in existing grammatical structures. The thesis contains three thematic units. The first illuminates the development of thinking about grammaticalization in a philosophical and linguistic context from the 19th century to the present day. It deals with the understanding of grammaticalization processes in the pre-structuralist conception of linguistics, as well as the relations of generative linguistics to the study of grammaticalization. The second part focuses on a critical discussion of the main themes in the current literature on grammaticalization. In the third part, theoretical accounts of grammaticalization are illustrated by means of Dutch.

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