Три писма Константина Великог код Евсевија Кесаријског, Теодорита Кирског и Сократа Схоластика

Author(s): Il Akad / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

The literature on the Constantinian documents in Eusebius’ Vita Constantini ha been mostly concerned with the question of their authenticity. The relation of their language and style to the whole of the text has not received comparable attention. The stylistic analysis of these documents must rely on rare and irregular traits prone to scribal emendations. The ideal way of minimizing the impact these have on the textual tradition is to have an alternative source, or to be able to rely on the quotations of other authors. Luckily, there are three letters of Constantine (V. C) quoted by the later Church historians, Theodoretus of Cyrrhus and Sokrates Scholasticus. Comparing the text of these three authors also gives us a much needed means to check which linguistic traits were perceived as abnormalities by the scribes. By doing so, we can identify some traits typical of letters translated from Latin. In addition, these letters also exhibit some traits peculiar to Eusebius. Although there is no way of knowing in which language these letters were distributed in the East, their style was certainly retouched by Eusebius, which makes any reconstruction of a “Constantinian style” using them as a basis tentative at best.

Етимологије у спису Hodegos Анастасија Синаита

Author(s): Aleksandar V. Popović / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

Almost nothing is known about the biography of Anastasios of Sinai. His identification with Anastasios, the Patriarch of Antioch from the 6th century is today rejected. All that we know about him is that he was a monk on Mt. Sinai during the second half of the 7th century and that he died shortly after the year 700. A great number of writings have been preserved under his name, but today most of them are considered unauthentic. 'Οδηγος' is his most famous authentic work. It is a sort of handbook for fighting heresies, in the first place Monophysitism and Monotheletism, which the author intended for his students. This was a discussion about the terms, i.e. The categories, which were to be used if the person, the believer, wanted to be orthodox. The work is divided into 24 chapters. In the second chapter Anastasios gave the definitions of the theological termini technici which he would use in his polemics. To strengthen his theological argumentation, he introduced more than 120 etymologies of different terms. In most cases these were typical “popular etymologies”, but sometimes Anastasios was on the right track. His etymologies could be roughly divided into several groups. The first group consisted of those from the theological field: God, Trinity etc. After that came the etymologies of the names of animals, human feelings, virtues and vices, of words with the prefix ana- (e.g. anaphora), of the names of the parts of the human body, of celestial phenomena, geographical terms, as also of words from foreign languages (Latin, Hebrew).

Słownik Gwar Śląskich, tom I (A - BECZKA)

Author(s): Bogusław Wyderka,Beata Jahołkowska,Małgorzata Iżykowska,Krzysztof Kleszcz,Lidia Przymuszała / Language(s): Polish

"Glossary of Silesian Dialects" is the result of many years of scientific work of several generations of linguists from the Silesian Institute in Opole, Poland.

СЛОВООБРАЗУВАНЕ НА ДЕСУБСТАНТИВНИТЕ НАЗВАНИЯ ВЪВ ВРАЧАНСКОТО ЕВАНГЕЛИЕ ОТ XIII – XIV ВEK (МОДИФИКАЦИОННИ ФОРМАЦИИ)

Author(s): Milena Nakova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The main aim of this paper is to elicit the word-formative characteristics of desub-stantivized names in the text of the Vratsa Gospels from the XIII–XIV c. In the focus of the study are the modificational categories. The formations are analyzed and classified, overviewing suffixes to show the variety of word-formatives used in the Middle Bulgarian period of the development of the Bulgarian language.

Inovativna grafematička rješenja u Divkovićevim tiskanim izdanjima

Author(s): Irena Damian / Language(s): Croatian Publication Year: 0

Aus der Analyse der gedruckten Ausgaben von Matija Divković sowie des Gebetsbuchs von Dubrovnik ging die Feststellung hervor, dass im Laufevon hundert Jahren in Anlehnung insbesondere an graphematische und graphetische Beziehungen in der lateinischen Schrift, in das eigens der breiten Masse geltende, wirkungsvolle Schreiben und Lesen der westkyrillischen Schrift, eingedrungen wurde. Besondere Hervorhebung jedoch giltder Übernahme des auß ergewöhnlichsten glagolitisch–kyrillischen Usus,nämlich die des đerv. Divković verzichtete während seiner Suche nach einereffektiveren Druckschrift weiterhin auf zahlreiche aus den älteren kroatischen,aber auch bosnischen Texten des 15. Jh. bekannten Buch staben,d.h. solche ohne eine erkennbare graphematische Funktion, bspw. jat, jery,iž, sowie auf Vokale mit dem prothetischen j. Damit distanzierte er sichgänzlich von den restlichen kyrillischen Schreib traditionen. Mit seinem graphischen Verfahren beeinfl usste er gleichzeitig auch die kroatische Lateinschrift,in dem die dort oft vorkommenden ungarischen und die italienischen Vorbilder beseitigt wurden.

Latinska slovnica Filipa Kunića u odnosu na hrvatsko gramatičko nazivlje

Author(s): Željka Brlobaš / Language(s): Croatian Publication Year: 0

This analysis concentrates on the work Slovnica jezika latinskoga ilirski iztumačenaza porabu mladeži bosanske (‘A Latin Grammar Translated into Illyrian to Be Used by Young Bosnians’; Vienna, 1857) by Filip Kunić, a Bosnian Franciscan, who adapted a Croatian edition of the Latin grammar Institutiones Grammaticae (first edition 1807–1809) by József Grigely.Because this grammar describes Latin, the analysis considers not only the structure of the book’s content, but also its Croatian grammatical terminology(covering phonology, morphology, and syntax), and definitions of grammatical terms. A comparative view of this grammar in relation to several other Latin grammars – those by Antun Mažuranić (1839) and Adolfo Veber Tkalčević (1853) – is included. Kunić used these grammars, in addition to the one by Stjepan Marijanović, as direct model s for his edition.

От дума на дума... Занимателна лексикология

Author(s): Boris Parashkevov / Language(s): Bulgarian

One of the parts of linguistics is the science of words called lexicology. Lexicology is the part of linguistics which studies words. This includes their nature and function as symbols, their meaning, the relationship of their meaning to epistemology in general, and the rules of their composition from smaller elements. Lexicological issues are discussed and elucidated in general manuals and in specific scientific developments, and their results find a generalization and practical application in dictionaries, i.e. in lexicography. This lexicon is claimed to be a practical complement to the theoretical formulations of lexicology and corrective sort of data in lexicography, where the etymological reference is rarely comprehensive and not always reliable. In the book, in the form of 357 dictionary articles and with the apparatus of the lexicological categories in front of the reader, many specific questions related to the origin and history of some of the words in the Bulgarian language are discussed. The explanatory notes draw information from the achievements of three other linguistic areas: etymology, semantics and word formation.

Слике у речима. Иконичност лексике српског језика у контексту словенске митологије: метафоре живота и смрти

Author(s): Ivana Bašić / Language(s): Serbian

Images in Words. Lexical Iconicity of the Serbian Language in the Context of Slavic Mythology: Metaphors of Life and Dead is the first study of the relationship between lexical iconicity and the linguistic world picture in the Serbian language. The research is based on the premises that language is a specific representation of the inner form of thinking, which is indicative of a particular world-view; that semantic systems change in time, but in that passage from complex to categorical thinking the traces of complex thinking stay preserved in lexical iconicity and reveal themselves in the articulation of repressed semantic components in the given context; that not only metaphor and metonymy play an important role in the transformations of semantic systems as mechanisms of understanding and transposing ideas from one field of knowledge to another, but also iconicity and the existence of a number of universal imaginative schemes.

Droga Szymona Budnego do krytycznego wydania Nowego Testamentu z 1574 roku

Author(s): Arleta Łuczak / Language(s): Polish

This work is devoted to the translations of the New Testament by Szymon Budny – an eminent sixteenth-century Polish writer, and outstanding linguist and biblical scholar of the Reformation. At first a Calvinist, Budny then became an Arian activist. The book's its purpose is to describe the changing progression taking place in the three editions of Budny’s translations of the New Testament from 1570, 1572 and 1574. To this end, I perform a philological analysis of these texts in comparison to other biblical Polish translations of the 16th century (mainly to the Calvinist Brest Bible of 1563 and to the 1568 New Testament, which was modelled on it) as well as to Greek and Latin texts. The dynamic process of shaping the changes in succeeding translations of the New Testament, which Budny constantly improved and perfected, is most evident in his critical edition of the New Testament from 1574. Here, the author was able to present the results of his search for the authentic, i.e. correct and error-free, original text, a search which he based on multiple sources. He also expressed his position regarding the method of translation and theological interpretation (which corresponded to his confession).

The Development of Words Across Centuries

Author(s): Mariola Jakubowicz / Language(s): English

The book deals with changes in words meanings – and especially, the regularities therein – as exemplified by selected Proto-Slavic-derived adjectives denoting human traits, whose semantic development has been analysed since their emergence in the Proto-Slavic period until today. The observed regularities served as the basis for an outline dictionary of semantic motivations, which might be useful when considering etymologies of other (not just Slavic) words from this conceptual field. The book features an extensive theoretical introduction, discussing: the rules of establishing meanings in a proto-language, works devoted to semantic reconstruction of languages, and parallels in semantic development.

Negacja metajęzykowa a odwoływalność implikacji pragmatycznych

Author(s): Rafał Palczewski / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Historia języka w XXI wieku. Stan i perspektywy

Author(s): / Language(s): Polish

The volume constitutes the gleanings of the 1st Congress of the Historians of (a) Language which was held in Katowice. The purpose of this scholarly meeting was to present the scholarly accomplishments of historical linguistics which were achieved heretofore and to present the most important research plans of the discipline. Almost 150 scholars who represent this field participated in the Congress. The participants engaged various themes which arranged themselves in the following subject blocks: I. The methodological dilemmas of modern diachronic linguistics II. Historical-linguistic research and the universal problems of linguistics III. The sources which are used in diachronic research IV. Lexicology and lexicography V. The regional Polish language and the dialects VI. Communication. Genology. Stylistics VII. The historical-linguistic knowledge in university education The volume features a very important supplement in the form of a transcript and a report of two panel discussions which focused on the following problems: 1. “The research and methodological challenges of historical linguistics”; 2. “The teaching-related tasks of historians in reference to the national communicative community in the past and in the present”. The opinions of the representatives of the scholarly community about the position of diachronic linguistics in linguistic research, the opinions about the fundamental problems and dilemmas are certainly relevant to all people who are interested in the progress of the research in (a) language. The value of the present volume is further enhanced by the last part which is devoted to the events which celebrated the conferring of the name of a distinguished linguist, Irena Bajerowa, to the Institute of the Polish Language of the University of Silesia. The opinions of the Friends, Family Members and the Students which were preserved represent the scholarly and, at the same time, the cordial nature of this significant event.

Tocharian Studies: Works 1

Author(s): Václav Blažek / Language(s): English

The book represents a collection of articles devoted to Tocharian etymology and grammar, plus two detailed bio- and bibliographical portraits of scholars working in the field of Tocharian, namely Werner Winter and Pavel Poucha.

Slovosled posesivních zájmen ve staré češtině

Author(s): Olga Navrátilová / Language(s): Czech

This monograph presents a detailed analysis of word order behaviour of possessive pronouns in Old Czech noun phrase. This is a phenomenon that has not been systematically studied in Czech paleo-bohemistics yet. The data analysed in this book come from Old Czech prose written approximately between the mid-fourteenth century and the end of the fifteenth century.

Svět v sinogramech

Author(s): Tereza Slaměníková,David Uher / Language(s): Czech

Languages using a pleremic writing system, from which Chinese is undoubtedly the most widespread, show a much deeper connection between language units and their graphic representations since it involves the semantic dimension. What makes the Chinese writing system a truly unique phenomenon is how its graphics capture the meaning of the represented linguistic unit. This semantic connection was primarily established through graphic components with their own meanings, so-called determinatives. Although their use was primarily associated with an effort to distinguish by graphic means the (often too many) different meanings of one sinogram, the entire system also undoubtedly provides unique insight into how ancient Chinese experienced reality. The semantic diversity of sinograms subordinated to one determinative forms a particular network of contexts with some relationship to the basic concept. This book provides a concise Czech translation of the oldest known study on Chinese grammatology Shuo Wen Jie Zi (Meaning Explanation of Primary Sinograms and Structure Analysis of Secondary Sinograms) which endeavors to reflect on the Chinese writing system as an essential bearer of Chinese culture. Based on the procedures of Chinese cultural linguistics, it adopts the author's determinative-based setting and analyses the so-called semantic profile of all the 540 determinatives by arranging sinograms into groups sharing certain semantic features

Morphologische Sonderklassen des Gegenwartsdeutschen und ihr sprachhistorischer Hintergrund

Author(s): Emilia Dentschewa / Language(s): German

This book has grown to a large extent out of my lectures on the history of the German language. Since, when conceptually designing the lecture courses on the history of the German language, I generally start from the premise that the diachronic data conveyed in philology classes should be used for the purpose of demonstrating the development and systematics of contemporary German, it is only natural that the presentation has a second, equally important focus alongside the narrowly linguistic-historical focus, which is committed to synchrony. By illuminating the linguistic-historical facts with regard to certain morphological special classes of contemporary German, the basis is created for a synchronic classification of the verbal inflection types in German, taking into account the diachronic specifics of their form formation. The two-pronged problem and task definition broadens the target audience of the book, so that it is aimed at students and teachers of German philology, but at the same time also at learners and teachers of German as a foreign language. Of course, this book is also aimed at all those who, for whatever reason, want to understand specific linguistic phenomena of the present and grasp causal relationships.

Sprachlicher Schlüssel zum althochdeutschen Tatian : nach der Ausgabe von Eduard Sievers

Author(s): Emilia Dentschewa / Language(s): German

Tatian is an early Christian writer - an apologist from Assyria from the 2nd century, a student of St. Justin the Martyr. He is the author of the first evangelical harmony (Diatessaron)1 probably in the Syriac language2, which was introduced into liturgical use in the Syrian Church and only later replaced by the four separate Gospels. In 546, Bishop Victor of Capua initiated a translation of Tatian's Gospel harmony into Latin. It is assumed that the Latin Codex reached Fulda via Boniface. The translation from Latin into the East Frankish dialect was apparently a joint effort3 of the monastic school under Abbot Hrabanus Maurus, who was a teacher at the monastery of Fulda until 822 and then abbot. Since the 10th century, the first evangelical harmony (Diatessaron) was translated into Latin. The 171-page manuscript Codex G № 56 is located in the Abbey Library of St. Gallen in Switzerland since the 18th century. The Latin and Old High German texts of the Gospel Harmony are arranged in two parallel columns - the Latin text on the left and the Old High German on the right. According to the editor of the Tatian Gospel Harmony in Latin and Old German, Eduard Sievers, despite some minor deviations, there is no doubt that the Latin source of the Old High German translation of Codex Sangallensis 56 is the Latin text from the 6th century revised by Victor of Capua (the so-called Codex Bonifatianus 1 of the Hessian State Library in Fulda, also Codex Fuldensis) ist.4

За писменото наследство на Димитър Матов (1864-1896)

Author(s): Angel G. Angelov / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

This article offers a new reading of some works of Dimitar Matov (1864-1896) – a remarkable Bulgarian linguist from the end of 19th century. Despite his short life, his scientific legacy remains as a valuable achievement in Slavic and Balkan studies, and can be seen as a good example of excellent activity in linguistics and ethnography. He was educated in the city of Kharkov, as well as in Vienna, Leipzig and Sofia, and his analyses reflect the level of late 19th-century linguistic scholarship, as they focus mainly on word etymology and historical reconstructions in the tradition of Franz Mikloshić, August Leskien, Gustav Weigand and Vatroslav Jagić. One of the best works of this author, which has a programmatic character, is dedicated to Greek-Bulgarian language contacts. It is obvious that a very large-scale project was conceived, which was even to develop as an academic school in the following decades; however, the early death of the author was a great loss for Balkanology as was noted even then by a number of his contemporaries.

Rejestr przyjęć do prawa miejskiego w Sieradzu 1475–1539

Author(s): / Language(s): Polish

The book focuses on the publication of entries documenting admissions to urban law in Sieradz between 1475 and 1539. The main part of the book consists of a critical edition of the source text—a printed version of the Latin text transcribed from the manuscript and carefully edited.

Правописът на псалтира на цар Йоан Александър (ръкопис 2 от Научния архив на БАН) (= Кирило-Методиевски студии. Кн. 34)

Author(s): Tsvetomira Danova / Language(s): Bulgarian

The monograph is dedicated to the orthographic features of the Sofia commentated Psalter from 1337 (MS NA-BAN 2), also known as the Psalter of Tsar Ivan Alexander. The aim is to describe the orthographic practices of each identified scribe in as much detail as possible and compare the general and specific characteristics of the different orthographic types they followed.A detailed analysis has been conducted on the following graphemes and allographs used by the copyists: е (є), ꙃ (ꙅ, ѕ),  (і, ї), о (ѻ, ѡ, ꙩ, ) ѹ (, ), ъ, ь, ы, ѫ, ѭ, ѧ (ꙙ), ѩ (ꙝ), ѣ, ꙗ, , ѯ, ҁ, ѳ, у/ѵ, ѱ. The study also examines the use of the epenthetic l, supralinear signs, and the orthography of Greek loanwords. Observations on the orthography of the manuscript are based on a comprehensive excerpting of material according to the specified criteria, including from the two folios of the codex that are part of P. I. Shchukin’s collec­tion in the State Historical Museum in Moscow (GIM, Shchukin 3). In four chapters, the orthographic characteristics of each of the four scribes involved in the creation of the manuscript are presented sequentially and in detail. The orthographic features of a small excerpt identified with a fifth handwriting are also examined separately. Three appendices illustrate the use and distribution of selected graphemes and allographs in the codex, as well as the orthography of personal and geographical names in an Old Bul­garian-Greek index with lemmatization and in two lists: Old Bulgarian-Greek and Greek-Old Bulgarian. The present study reveals four orthographic systems that combine characteristics typ­ical of the period with individual orthographic habits. Many orthographic rules are not consistently applied, exhibit a non-mandatory nature, and are in the process of develop­ment and codification, which corresponds to the pre-Euthymian period during which the manuscript was created (1337). Despite the collective effort in the creation of the codex, there is no unified or comprehensive orthographic concept; each scribe retains and applies their individual training and background during the process. This provides additional in­sight into the working practices in literary centers during the first half of the 14th centu­ry and contributes to a clearer understanding of the different types of Middle Bulgarian orthography, particularly those associated with pre-Euthymian orthographic models and manuscripts written for or commissioned by Tsar Ivan Alexander.