За специфичността на именната фраза в българското и чуждестранното езикознание

Author(s): Kunka Molle / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2015

This article is the first part of a series dedicated to the cognitive characteristics of noun phrases (NPs), namely to the taxonomy of indefinite NPs related to their referential status in view of the opposition specific ~ non-specific. This opposition carries particular importance for the logical-semantic representation of the utterance. In the study of foreign linguistics both terms are often used in an inconsistent and contradictory manner; consequently, this work represents an attempt to bring theoretical clarity regarding their semantics and use.

Българска лексикология и фразеология. Т. II. Българска фразеология (Ст. Калдиева-Захариева)

Author(s): Maria Popova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2015

Б. Вунчев. Семантични и синтактични особености на активните интранзитиви в новогръцкия език

Author(s): Elena Chausheva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2015

Редки думи в старобългарския превод на книгата на пророк Исаия

Author(s): Tatyana Ilieva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2016

The subject of the research are the yet unregisrated in the Old Bulgarian language lexicographic referrences words or such words, just noted with an example in the same context of the book of Isaia with interpretations, based on manuscript F.I.461 from the National Library of Russia – St. Petersburg. The analysis of the hapax legomena and the rare words is performed in the composition of semanthic categories (groups) and lexis and wordforming paterns. The wordforming models of the terminative and rare words in IsF.I.461 are being analysed, in order to elucidate their connection with the lexis of the classic Old Bulgarian manuscripts and the indirect sources of Old Bulgarian language.

Тюркските компоненти в имената на царете от династията Асеневци

Author(s): Zoya Barbolova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2016

Названието за обущарския занаят според Житието на Никола Софийски от Матей Граматик (XVI в.)

Author(s): Mariyana Tsibranska-Kostova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2016

The article aims at analyzing the fourfold use of words with root оусм- as a denomination for the tanned leather and the relevant craft, exercised by the hagiographic hero. They occur in two different parts original and translated of the manuscript № 1521 from 1564, located in the Church Historical and Archive Institute in Sofia. The manuscript itself contains the unique copy of the Nikola of Sofia’s Life by Matthew the Grammarian, which testifies the spread and the spiritual fundaments of the Sofia new martyrdom during the 16th century. The profile of the new martyrs in the name of Christ chares some common features, among which their professions, or crafts – an undoubted sign of realistic description and historical plausibility. The forms оусмошьвьчьство, оусмошьвьчьскъ, оусмотворьць, оусмы шити enrich the lexicographic interpretation of the motivating word оусма, оусъмиѥ, оусмъ, and allows the analysis to be carried out in the light of the biblical and the cultural tradition.

Антропоморфизмът на ума в българските пословици и поговорки

Author(s): Yoanna Kirilova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2016

The article is dedicated on the anthropomorphism of the mind in the Bulgarian proverbs. It is shown the cognitive metaphors of the mind as a man. The concept mind is compare with the concept heart. It is also presented the anthropomorphic features of the mind and of the heart. The article proves that the mind doesn’t possess emotionalmarks as the heart doesn’t possess mental. The study suggests the idea that the mind and the heart are two valuable components from the internal human life. They have their private life but the freedom of the mind is bigger than the freedom of the heart. On the other hand the heart is symbol of the human.

Номинация ароматного растения душица обыкновенная (Origanum vulgare L.) в русском и болгарском языках

Author(s): Ganna Angelova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2016

The article examines the origin of the nomination of the herbaceous plant oregano (Rus. душица обыкновeнная). The main object of analysis are the linguistic manifestations of specific and functional signs as the basis of name, and the ways of their expression. Based on this are determined the models of nominative row in Russian and Bulgarian languages. The study of nominative rows of the plant oregano entering the thematic group of phytonyms „Medicinal herbaceous plants of the family Lamiaceae,“ is the most acceptable method for the study of the principles and ways of nomination of objects possessing common properties. This method facilitates the study to focus on the many names and identify the current relations between marked objects and their names, as well as to reveal the systemic organization of thematic vocabulary groups. Furthermore, comparison of current models of nominative rows in the system of the two languages (Russian and Bulgarian) provides an opportunity to indicate the integrity of nominations of the studied thematic group.

За японските заемки в българския език

Author(s): Anton Andreev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2016

The paper introduces the topic of Japanese loan-words in Bulgarian. The main text touches upon the place of Japanese among world languages, the main characteristics of its phonological system, its lexical layers and their respective word-formation patterns, some mediator-languages that have been important in borrowing from Japanese, as well as well as existing variation within the same loan-word. A glossary appendix introduces some of the Japanese loan-words attested in Bulgarian.

Лексикографията в европейското културно пространство

Author(s): Mariyana Vitanova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 24/2012

Samatähenduslike sünteetiliste ja analüütiliste verbide kasutamine

Author(s): Pille Eslon,Heleriin Paeoja / Language(s): Estonian Issue: 25/2015

The first author of this paper developed an interest in synonymous syntheticand analytic verbs while editing Russian-Estonian-Russian translation dictionaries,upon discovering regularities in the relationships between aspect in Russian verbs and the choice between synthetic and analytic Estonian verbs as translation equivalents.While this phenomenon is rare and difficult to notice, it nevertheless raises questions: when do native speakers prefer to use synthetic and analytic verbs,respectively? In addition to synonymy and simplicity of form (synthetic verbs have only one component, while analytic verbs have at least two), are there other features that affect the choice of synthetic or analytic verbs? The present study aims to answer these questions.Five pairs of synonymous synthetic and analytic verbs are analyzed: igatsema– igatsust tundma ‘to long for, miss’, lahkuma – ära minema ‘to leave’,nõustuma – nõus olema ‘to agree’, muretsema – muret tundma ‘to be worried’,töötama – tööd tegema ‘to work’. We look for linguistic structures characteristic of both members of the given pairs, analyze the limits of their lexico-semanticand morphosyntactic variation, and compare the verbs’ meanings. On the basis of these features, it is possible to determine whether the pairs consist of two distinct verbs or two forms of the same verb. The theoretical-empirical aspect of the study is connected to the hypothesis of contraction of synonymous synthetic and analytic verbs, according to which semantically related synthetic-analytic verb pairs emerge, wherein the synthetic verb is used to denote abstract (inde"-nite) actions and the analytic verb is used for concrete (de"nite) actions. This process is accompanied by structural, morphological, morphosyntactic and lexico-semantic limitations on the usage of the verbs in question. The contractionof synonymous synthetic and analytic verbs is a process that takes place on the lexico-grammatical periphery. These verbs contribute to general linguistic variation,but in addition, a number of lexico-semantic, grammatical and structural restrictions develop on the usage of these verbs. Opposite tendencies – petrification and variation – work toward the same goal.

Why Modrić and Real rather than Real and Modrić?

Author(s): Mario Brdar / Language(s): English Issue: 1-2/2016

The order of the constituents within a coordinated NP construction is in theory open, i.e. either constituent can occupy either the initial or the final position. When it comes to specific realizations of the coordinate constructional template, the choice of the initial constituent need not be random at all. It is well-known that in some phraseological units, i.e. in the so-called irreversible binomials, their order is as a rule quite fixed (e.g. duša i tijelo ‘body and soul,’ kruh i sol ‘bread and salt,’ život i smrt ‘life and death,’ iće i piće ‘drinks and food,’ muž i žena ‘husband and wife’) and seems to be dictated by a number of cognitive factors, among which iconic principles play an important role. Apart from such conventionalized phraseological pairs, the relative order of constituents seems to be guided by the speaker’s communicative intentions, and therefore in principle be quite flexible. However, it appears that in cases of coordination of proper nouns denoting parts and wholes there is a clear preference for the construction in which the part precedes the whole (Osijek i Slavonija rather than Slavonija i Osijek, Modrić i Real rather than Real i Modrić, etc.). The differences between their distributions on the one hand, and the distributions found with comparable inanimate nouns and animate common nouns in coordination on the other, are explained in terms of the reference point construction (Langacker 1993). The proper noun denoting a person functions as a cognitive reference point facilitating the resolution of indeterminacy due to the fact that the second proper noun in coordination can have more than one metonymically related sense. Such coordinated constructions are shown to be functionally similar to associative plurals as they are also a means of referring to heterogeneous collectives that have a prominent, focal member.

Някои особени лексеми в старобългарския превод на Иполитовото тълкувание на Книга на пророк Даниил

Author(s): Ivan I. Iliev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 16/2016

The object of the current research is Talkovanie na Kniga na propok Daniil – the Slavonic version of the Commentaries on the Book of Prophet Daniel (Commentarii in Danielem, CPG 1873) by Hippolytus of Rome (c. 170–235), the earliest and most profound commentaries on this Old Testament book. They were written round 204 and their translation into Old Bulgarian can be counted among the earliest works of Bulgarian literature. The time of the Commentaries’ translation is under discussion, its dating ranging from the last decades of the ninth to the middle of the tenth century. Some linguistic facts of the Commentaries have sporadically been compared with the partial translation of the Book of the Prophet Daniel, included in the Prophetologion. Also, some comparisons have been made between the Slavonic translation of the Commentaries and the so-called Talkovni proroci – a translation of Old Testament books of prophets with commentaries. The analysis is based on a 1519 manuscript of the Commentaries (No. 486 from the Volokolamsk Collection, Russian State Library, Moscow), which follows the tradition of the earlier copies and most profoundly keeps the content of the Commentaries. In addition to morphological particularities, in the text there are many lexical idiosyncrasies, which can facilitate the dating and localization of the translation. Among these lexical markers can be singled out which show more interesting data. Many lexemes can be found which are particular to the early written codices and testify to the antiquity of the translation. For instance, some specific lexemes match with words, used in the Codex Suprasliensis and the First Miscellany of Tsar Simeon (Izbornik of 1073), which shows that the Commentaries are one of the earliest translated works of the Old Bulgarian literature.

Czy owad to zwierzę?

Author(s): Maciej Walczak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2015

The article deals with the analysis of Polish and Russian definitions of the owad / насекомое (“insect”) lexemes. On the basis of these definitions, the author tries to answer the question whether, from the linguistic point of view, insects are perceived as animals or not. It appears that in the majority of the Polish dictionary sources, the insect is not classified as an animal, while the Russian dictionary sources seem to be more consistent in classifying the insect as an animal. According to the author, this may be the result of the fact that the Polish dictionaries reflect linguistic notions of insects and, according to these notions, insects are not animals. On the other hand, the Russian dictionaries rely on scientific premises. These premises assume that an insect is an animal.

Aristoteļa „Runas mākslas” („Rētorikas”) latviskošanas pieredze – sengrieķu substantivējumu tulkošana

Author(s): Mārtiņš Laizāns,Ojārs Lāms / Language(s): Latvian Issue: 4/2014

The focus of this article is on the prolific and variegated translation possibilities of the substantivations of Ancient Greek in the text under translation into Latvian – Aristotle's „Rhetoric”. The potential translations of Ancient Greek substantivations are examined from the viewpoint of conversion, elliptic substantivations and substantivated sentences and wider linguistic formations in an attempt to establish an experience-based, motivated system for translating Ancient Greek substantivations into Latvian. In the course of this inquisition the authors come to the conclusion that it is only partially possible to translate directly the Ancient Greek substantivations, but for the most part one has to find an equivalent syntactical construction that has no signs of a substantivation in the Latvian language. Thus the inquiry into the translation of substantivations summons a larger-scale discussion about the difficulties of translation, causing to thoroughly think over the sought for translational harmony both of the thought and grammatical expression.

Littlemore, Jeannette: 2015. Metonymy. Hidden shortcuts in language, thought and communication

Author(s): Lajos Nagy / Language(s): German Issue: 3/2016

Review of: Littlemore, Jeannette: 2015. Metonymy. Hidden shortcuts in language, thought and communication

ЯЗЫК И СТИЛЬ СЛОВА «O ЗАКОНЕ И БЛАГОДАТИ»

Author(s): Giorgio Ziffer / Language(s): Russian Issue: 5/2013

The author treats the “literary artistry” of the work written in the earliest period of Old East Slavic literature. At a linguistic level, the author analyzes certain lexical phenomena and points out that the lexical units used in the monument is not fully presented in the dictionaries of Old East Slavic. From a stylistic standpoint, particular attention is devoted to diverse figures of repetition and, in a broader perspective, to biblical rhetoric. Linguistic and stylistic phenomena are considered using different copies. The author also emphasizes the need for a simultaneous examination of both the language and style of the work and the philological aspects of its entire manuscript tradition.

ЛЕКСИЧЕСКИЕ ИЗМЕНЕНИЯ В ГРАНИЦАХ «ТРЁХ СТИЛЕЙ»

Author(s): Vladimir Viktorovich Kolesov / Language(s): Russian Issue: 5/2013

The article analyzes Lomonosov’s theory of the three styles. It also considers the basic developmental stages and the correlation of Russisms and Slavisms in the Old Russian period. The study involves extensive factual material collected from a variety of historical sources. The research matches Russisms with archaisms and proves that the opposition between the concrete-common and the abstract-high vocabulary is not genetically determined. The paper traces the history of the three-part system of the stylistic fund of the Russian literary language.

РЕФЕРЕНЦИАЛЬНЫЙ ПОТЕНЦИАЛ ПЛЮСКВАМПЕРФЕКТА (НА МАТЕРИАЛЕ ФРАНЦУЗСКОГО И ТАТАРСКОГО ЯЗЫКОВ)

Author(s): Milyausha Nurullovna Zakamulina,Gulnara Firdavisovna Lutfullina / Language(s): Russian Issue: 5/2013

The article studies the possibility to express a verbal referential point using pluperfect based on the concept of temporal independence/non-independence of tense forms as an indicator of their dependence on non-verbal markers. It is proved that pluperfect cannot express a verbal referential point since correlation with other antecedent situation conditions its use.

Priedēkļi kā internacionālismu „nacionalizācijas” līdzekļi

Author(s): Daiki Horiguchi / Language(s): Latvian Issue: 3/2013

Prefixation of borrowed verbs (mostly internationalisms) in Latvian is an active word-formational process, where we find the activity character of prefixation as linguistic activity and the speaker’s involvemnent in derivation of new prefixal derivatives based on analogy. We discuss prefixation of internationalisms in Latvian in contrast to the culture of language, because this question has not been enough discussed neither in aspectology nor word-formation, but only evaluated negatively in culture of language. Further we focus on two prefixes no- and pa-.Prefix no- is most productively added to borrowed verbs (40,0%) and most criticized in culture of language for its redundant accentuation of perfectivity, which is not desirable for most borrowed verbs. Prefix pa- is criticized in culture of language because it adds an unserious meaning to the action. Just like diminutives denoting some subjective evaluation besides the smallness of object, pa-verbs express the smallness of action and the speaker’s subjective evaluation.Prefixes include borrowed verbs in the lecixal system of the language, adding at the same time to the verbs certain way of recognizing the world – in these cases with no- and pa- the aspectual viewpoint and subjective evaluation – and "latvianize" therefore foreign words. Paradoxally, however, the culture of language manifests itself against this linguistic activity, because the prevalence of individualization of text (expression of aspectual opposition, expression of subjective evaluation, expressivity, creativeness of prefixation) is inherent for this kind of prefixation.