PERSONAL NAMES IN THE POLISH, SLOVAKIAN, AND CZECH ANTHROPONYMIC SYSTEMS DERIVED FROM A LATIN NAME THAT DENOTES A PLANT

Author(s): Gergana Petkova,Vanya Ivanova / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2021

The research object of the present text is Polish, Slovakian, and Czech personal names derived from a name which is Latin by origin and denotes a plant. The main aim is to present their full list as well as their initial meaning. Specialized anthroponymic dictionaries are used as the main source of information for excerpting the researched anthroponyms. All of them contain information not only about the different name forms, but also about their etymology, origin, and canonization. The researched anthroponyms are divided into three major groups according to: 1) the meaning of the appellative (i. e. a thematic classification); 2) the type of the basic word (i. e. if the researched anthroponym is derived directly from an appellative or via another anthroponym (in this case a Roman gentile name or a Neolatin name)); 3) their canonization. All personal names included in this research are a part of the modern Polish, Slovakian, and Czech anthroponymicons, even though they represent a small group with relatively infrequent usage, the initial meaning of which is not completely clear to everybody nowadays. That is why it is of great importance to reveal the basic appellative.

КОЛОРИСТИЧЕСКАЯ ПОРТРЕТИЗАЦИЯ ПЕРСОНАЖЕЙ РОМАНА „БЛИСТАЮЩИЕ ОБЛАКА“ К. Г. ПАУСТОВСКОГО (НА ПРИМЕРЕ СОМАТИЧЕСКОГО И ВЕСТИАЛЬНОГО КОДА)

Author(s): Tatyana Viktorovna Sivova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2021

The article, which deals with the novel “Shining Clouds” by K.G. Paustovsky, reveals the individual author’s specificity of coloristic perception and visualization of the character’s space, which is significant for K. Paustovsky’s romantic worldview. As the coloristic portrait of the characters in the novel is created mainly on the basis of somatic and vestial descriptions, the specificity of the author’s coloristic explication of the somatic and vestial space of the novel is subsequently presented. The main results of the research are 1) a list of somatisms and vestonyms functioning in the novel is provided, as well as the number of their word usage; 2) a list of somatisms and vestonyms correlating with the terms of color is compiled; 3) the color range used by the writer to create somatic and vestial descriptions is defined; 4) the dominance of the somatisms face, eyes, hair in the coloristic representation of the somatic code is established; 5) the specifics of their individual author’s coloristic visualization and their functional potential is described; 6) the color dominant of the vestial code is found and its functionality is revealed; 7) the unique features of K. Paustovsky’s color style of writing, identified in the coloristic visualization of the somatic and vestial space of the novel, are described; 8) the conclusion about the significance of characters’ color portraits for the reconstruction of the writer’s linguistic picture of the world is drawn.

ФРАЗЕОЛОГИЧНИ ИЗРАЗИ С ОПОРНА ДУМА ‘КРЪСТ‘ В БЪЛГАРСКИ И В РУСКИ EЗИК

Author(s): Teodora Ilieva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2021

The concept of ‘cross’ is polysemantic. It is one of the three fundamental world emblems, a sacred Christian symbol in the religious, cultural-historical and linguistic continuum of the Slavic peoples. Therefore, it motivates the emergence of many various stable word combinations. The article discusses mostly real (full) phrasemеs and partly nonreal (non-full) phraseological units with component ‘cross’ (which forms 17 microsemantic cores with the first lexeme ‘a symbol of Christianity; a written mark, formed by two lines going across each other’ and 7 microsemantic cores with the Bulgarian homonym ‘krаst’ meaning lower back ‘the lower part of the back’), excerpted from Bulgarian and Russian phraseological dictionaries and media texts. A comparison is made between the phrases in both languages, highlighting the common Slavic uses and differences, the specific expressions (direct, metaphorical and metonymic use of ‘cross’), which are the linguistic picture of each ethnic phenotype. Phraseologisms are analyzed and categorized on several grounds: degree of desemantization of the constituent components – phraseological combinations, phraseological units, phraseological adhesions (fusions); grammatical structure (mono-element: only S; bi-element: only V + S, A + S, A + Adv; three element: V+ A+ S, V + S + Pron, S + pr + S, S+ Adv + S , S + pr + Pron; poly-element: V+ S+ pr+ Pron, V+ Pron+ pr+ S, pr+ Pron+ V+ S, etc.).

СЕМАНТИКО-ФУНКЦИОНАЛНА ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКА НА КОНСТРУКЦИИТЕ ОТ ТИПА КОЙ (ЛИ) НЕ В СЪВРЕМЕННИЯ БЪЛГАРСКИ ЕЗИК

Author(s): Krasimira Angelova Chakarova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2022

The object of scientific analysis in this paper are the structural-semantic, functional and stylistic characteristics of a type of quasi-negative constructions with generalizing meaning in the modern Bulgarian language, which are formed by interrogative pronouns (or adverbs) by adding the particles li or ne (or just ne) – cf. koy (li) ne, kakav (li) ne, kade (li) ne, etc. Based on the observations on a rich corpus of excerpted examples, an answer to the question of the status of the combinations in question, the degree of their idiomatization, the semantic difference between them and the corresponding generalizing pronouns, the role of context in their use in speech is sought. Attention is drawn to the fact that, unlike the generalizing pronouns, these combinations are not used in sentences with a verb negation, nor in real interrogative sentences. It is concluded that in the current stage of development of the Bulgarian language there is a process of lexicalization of composites of the type koy (li) ne, but it has not reached its final phase. Evidence of this is the uncertainty of the constituent model of the combinations (there are the following structural variants – koy li ne (koy li nyama – in rhetorical questions), koy li ne, koy li ne shtesh), their dependence on the context, the situation and partly on intonation (when used in rhetorical questions), as well as their functional limitations.

ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ІСТОРИЧНОЇ ФРАЗЕОЛОГІЇ В УКРАЇНСЬКОМУ МОВОЗНАВСТВІ (50-ті рр. ХХ ст. – 20-ті рр. ХХІ ст.)

Author(s): Vasyl Denysiuk / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 1/2022

The article attempts to analyze the state of studying the formation of the phraseological fund of the Ukrainian language in domestic linguistics. The analysis showed that the traditional approach in Ukrainian studies is to fix the phraseology, clarify its semantics and unite them in groups according to the semantic criterion. In a few studies, the stylistic functions of phraseological units are presented and their comparative analysis in related languages is performed. It was found that the research was performed on the basis of materials of business style written documents of the XIV–XVII centuries, while written documents of other styles serve as a source base much less often or were left out of consideration. The same applies to the time period where the Kyiv Rus’ period is presented in only one study. The analysis of works on historical phraseology showed that in Ukrainian linguistics this trend has not been studied yet. The number of written memorabilia available for research is increasing, while several linguists are currently working on their phraseological system. The traditional method of interpreting phraseology is undergoing transformation: instead of studying phraseology within one style, one can observe its processing through discourse analysis and cross-stylistic parallels, which allows to record metaphorical shifts and determine in which style or genre the phraseologized meaning developed.

ОТ ВМЕШАТЕЛСТВО В ТУРСКИЯ КНИЖОВЕН ЕЗИК КЪМ ПЪЛНА ЗАБРАНА (ЕЗИКОВАТА ПОЛИТИКА НА КОМУНИСТИЧЕСКА БЪЛГАРИЯ)

Author(s): Sadik Haci / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2022

Although in some periods of communist Bulgaria there was a weakening of the pressure and control over the education, language, culture and literature of the Turks in the country, the assimilation policy was always on the agenda of the totalitarian authorities. Various means of control over the education and the press were used, and after the April Plenum the authorities gradually proceeded to deform the Turkish literary language by forcing the introduction of Bulgarian vocabulary and the violation of its grammatical construction, punctuation, transcription. A special list of words which had to be used in print and literature was created. This rude intervention was supported by the publication of materials in Bulgarian, which were progressively increasing. The publication of Turkish literature was stopped, and writers either had to start writing in Bulgarian or remain silent forever. The linguistic policy of the totalitarian state against the Turkish minority in the second half of the 1980s reached its highest degree, resulting in a total ban on the Turkish language not only in its written form, but even its use in a home environment. This study aims at presenting a previously unexplored problem of the direct encroachment on Turkish literary language and the destruction of already published literature.

LEXICAL OPERATIONS AND STRUCTURAL FLEXIBILITY OF MWUs

Author(s): Galina Petrea / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2022

Multiword Units constitute the study object of semantics, linguistics, cognitive psychology, lexicography and obviously, machine translation. Different taxonomies, typologies and classifications exist, there are debates regarding the denomination of the hyperonymic concept and its ramifications, which we take note of. These linguistic units make up a significative layer of the language, and is present in the registers belonging to different functional styles in different proportions. The present article explores the degree of flexibility, cohesion, formulaicity and syntagmatic mobility of MWUs in a special publicistic genre – the TED discourse. Our aim is to study how these prefabricated, bound lexical units behave in the live texture of language, as is used by diverse personalities starting from Nobel Prize laureates, to researchers, innovators, explorers, motivational speakers, influencers. The conclusion is that the vast majority of MWUs can be subjected to morphological variation to fit the context. The most productive lexical operation encountered in our case studies is lexical modification consisting in altering, adjusting, changing one element of the MWU without breaking its collective meaning. In what concerns the structural flexibility, there are several cases of fronting, topicalization, passivization, nominalization, clefting. Overall the cases of structural flexibility are clearly operated with a stylistic effect in view and more exactly – for emphasis.

Vasile BAHNARU (24.10.1949 – 06.08.2024)

Author(s): Livia Caruntu-Caraman,Ana Vulpe / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 2 (323)/2024

Аспекти на диалога при виртуалното общуване (диалогът в коментарните рубрики)

Author(s): Vanya Zidarova / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 1/2024

Dialogue as a form of communication is part of virtual communication on the Internet. Comments are a type of dialogue that is characterized by distance between communicators, indirectness and one-way communication. Linguistically, commentary is a written form of spoken speech, in which almost all communicative practices inherent in oral speech are observed. In this study, comments on the Facebook pages of four entertainment television shows are analyzed. The speech strategies and linguistic devices used in the comments as a dialogic form are analyzed.

Wiralowość jako praktyka komunikacyjna we współczesnym dyskursie młodzieżowym (na przykładzie języka polskiego)

Author(s): Anna Wileczek / Language(s): English,Polish Issue: 1/2024

The article analyzes the phenomenon of (verbal) virality in the unofficial online discourse of young people. Multi-word structures, with the status of minimal text or quotation and an indeterminate (contextual) genological status (sayings, retorts, comments), gain popularity through numerous shares, humorous transformations, and ironic parodies. Therefore, it is essential to discover the mechanisms contributing to the popularity of these analyzed structures. The text employs methods from cultural cartography and semantic-pragmatic analysis to identify and discuss exemplary functions as ways in which these contents impact recipients (playful function, reinforcement of individual identity, phatic, educational, creative, emotional, and inspiring-motivational functions).

Перцепция на глаголни форми с окончание -ме вм. -м в 1 л., мн. ч., сег. вр. от съвременните българи

Author(s): Krasimira Aleksova / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 1/2024

In the present study, I comment on the results of 3 surveys – 1 nationally representative and 2 non-representative. The main goal is to study the perception of forms for 1st person, plural, present and future tense, 1st and 2nd conjugations ending in -me instead of -m. Three perceptual styles are used: a list of 3-4 words, a simple sentence, a short text. The hypotheses are tested that muttering is more often not recognized as an error, that it leads to positive evaluations of the speaker’s personal and social characteristics, that the degree of recognizability of muttering depends on the perceptual style and socio-demographic characteristics of the speaker.

Vocabularul deţinătorilor puterii suverane din timpul crizei de la mijlocul veacului al III-lea în breuiaria istoriografice latine târzii

Author(s): Cozmin-Valerian Broşteanu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: LII/2023

This study capitalizes information referring to the crisis from the middle IIIrd century that originates from a category of Latin sources neglected by historians, namely the Latin historiographical breuiaria written in the second half of the IVth century: Historiae abbreuiatae (Liber de Caesaribus) by Sextus Aurelius Victor, Breuiarium ab Urbe condita by Flavius Eutropius, Breuiarium rerum gestarum populi Romani written by Rufius Festus, and Epitome de Caesaribus which is attributed to an unknown author, generically called Pseudo-Aurelius Victor. Despite the fact that they are operas with a reduced content, they painted concisely different aspects of the Roman history, including the crisis timeline. Thus, we set out to identify and analyze the terms used by the breviators in order to point towards the owners of the sovereign powers during the time of the crisis. More specifically, it is about terms such as Augustus, Caesar, imperator, princeps, dominus and rector. Basing our efforts on a comparison between their incidence within the period before and after the crisis, we will try to outline particular aspects of the use of these appellations for the time of crisis.

90 Years Since the Birth of Prof. Dr. Todor Atanasov Todorov (1934–2012)

Author(s): Hristina Deykova / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2024

Бој се стара Турчина и млада Србина: турско-српске паремиолошке паралеле

Author(s): Marina Spasojević / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 3/2024

Review of: Марија Ђинђић, Наташа Вуловић Емонтс, Турско-српски речник пословица и изрека Лингвистичке едиције, Едиција Мали речници, књ. 13 Нови Сад: Прометеј – Београд: Институт за српски језик САНУ, 2024, 412 стр.

KLASIFIKACIJA I ADAPTACIJA POZAJMLJENICA LINGVISTIČKI I KULTURNI UTICAJ

Author(s): Aleksandra Banjević / Language(s): Montenegrine Issue: 2/2024

The role played by the contact of cultures in studying families of languages, and thereby also changes in languages, is a very important factor in the approach to language analysis today. The subject of this paper is to show the very important relevance of cultural connections between languages. The modern trend of studying foreign languages, which reflects the need of universal contact between people and nations, makes the studying of Romance loanwords even more significant precisely because of the need to preserve linguistic and cultural heritage for the generations to come.

Prisustvo turskog sufiksa –lija u rožajskom govoru

Author(s): Nerkesa Kurpejović / Language(s): Montenegrine Issue: 95-96/2024

The subject of this paper is the presentation of lexemes with the Turkish suffix –lija that are found in the Rožaje dialect. We know that from a large number of lexemes of Turkish origin, a certain number of suffixes have emerged that have become independent and that participate in the formation of very productive formation models. For this paper, we have isolated the Turkish suffix –lija, which appears in our language in the adaptation form –lija, which from a grammatical aspect denotes a noun derivative. The Turkish language has a large number of suffixes that are used to form new words. In accordance with the law of vocal harmony, this suffix in the Turkish language occurs in four variants (Turk. –lı / -li / -lu / -lü ), from which our suffix –lija has become. According to their formational and semantic characteristics, these derivatives represent adjectives, usually descriptive.

Explicitation and the translation of English adjectival compounds into Romanian

Author(s): Ruxandra Drăgan / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2023

While English and other Germanic languages make extensive use of compounding as a means of expanding their lexicons, in Romanian and Romance languages, in general, compounding is merely a minor word formation process. For this reason, the translation of English compounds into Romanian is a challenging endeavour that usually involves the spelling out of syntactic and semantic information otherwise implicit in the original derivatives. Building on these ideas, the present paper explores the translation strategies employed to render deverbal -ed adjectival compounds into Romanian. It is shown that the typological differences between the two languages lead translators to adopt strategies which, to a large extent, entail obligatory explicitation (see Klaudy & Károly 2005, Klaudy 2003, 2009, 2017, Molés-Cases 2019, etc.), though cases of implicitation are not excluded.

О ПРОБЛЕМЕ ЛЕКСИКОГРАФИЧЕСКОГО ПРЕДСТАВЛЕНИЯ ДИМИНУТИВОВ В СЕРБСКО-РУССКОМ СЛОВАРЕ

Author(s): Yulia L Shapich / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2024

The article is a comparison of diminutives and functionally similar lexical units in Serbian and Russian languages (hereinafter SL and RL). Crosslinguistic lexical comparison is conducted as a preparation for a large bilingual Serbian-Russian dictionary, which is a part of the project on comparative lexicology and lexicography. The article deals with the lexico-semantic category, which in the SL consists of the two subcategories, diminutives and terms of endearment, while in the Russian linguistic tradition it is united under the name diminutives. Lexical units of this group consist of motivated derivatives formed by affi xation with a common primary semantics of diminution in relation to the norm. In terms of grammar, this group consists mainly of nouns, followed by adjectives and adverbs, as well as diminutive verbs in Serbian. The analysis of lexical items beginning with the letters A and B with qualifi ers дем. ‘diminutives’, хип. ‘a term of endearment’ or у дем. значењу ‘in diminutive meaning’ from the one-volume Dictionary of the Serbian Language of Matica Srpska (2018), as well as their potential equivalents in the RL, apart from classifi cation differences, reveals a number of inconsistencies at the level of functions and pragmatics of the units in SL and RL, which make their lexicographic representation diffi cult. Although the frequency of diminutives is higher in RL, the formal equivalent of the SL derivative is sometimes expressed through a synonym (a synonym of the derivative word is searched for and its diminutive form is built), a hyperonym or a syntagm. In the Russian part of the dictionary, the difference between meanings of diminutives and terms of endearment may be neutralized, since Russian derivatives carry a whole paradigm of potential connotations, which are actualized only in communicative situations. Not all communicative situations coincide with those in SL – for example, in RL the use of diminutives in polite communication is known. The lexicographic problem lies not only in fi nding a suitable congruent form, but also in the fact that by identifying lexemes in the dictionary one can impose on the Serbian lexeme connotations from RL that it did not possess in SL. An additional diffi culty of semantics is related to the adequacy of interpretation of diminutives in SL formed from polysemantic words. Namely, it is not always obvious whether “diminution” refers to one of several separated meanings or to all meanings, because there is no qualifi er referring to it, there is no illustration of usage, and the electronic corpus of SL does not provide an adequate number of usage examples. The paper also describes the problem of possible narrowing of the meaning of a lexeme. Finally, the stylistic status of the units is unequal: in RL derivatives with diminutives and / or meaning of subjective evaluation belong mainly to the verbal and colloquial style (and are limitedly recorded in dictionaries), while in SL diminutives are “accepted” in the language and dictionary, which means that they demonstrate a higher degree of lexicalization. The problem of representing diminutives and other lexical structures in a bilingual dictionary should be considered on a broader linguistic material and at the level of the methodology of bilingual lexicography

Драгана Цвијовић. Збирне именице у савременом српском језику (лексичко-граматичка и лексичко-семантичка анализа).

Author(s): Nenad Ivanović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2024

Review of: Драгана Цвијовић. Збирне именице у савременом српском језику (лексичко-граматичка и лексичко-семантичка анализа). Монографије Института за српски језик САНУ, књ. 35. Београд: Институт за српски језик САНУ

Етимолошки речник српског језика. Св. 4: БЛ–БЉ (ур. Александар Лома)

Author(s): Vanja Stanišić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2024

Review of: Етимолошки речник српског језика. Св. 4: БЛ–БЉ (ур. Александар Лома). Београд: Српска академија наука и уметности и Институт за српски језик САНУ, 2023, 213 стр.