СЕМАНТИЧЕН И ПРАГМАТИЧЕН АСПЕКТ НА ИМЕННАТА ДЕТЕРМИНАЦИЯ В БЪЛГАРСКИЯ ЕЗИК

Author(s): Vanya Zidarova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2018

Noun definiteness is a functional semantic category with a wide range of means for expression. It is a specific noun category, unlike other noun categories. The definiteness is a communicative pragmatic category based on tree types of oppositions. The semantic opposition singularity/non-singularity. The communicative opposition reference/non-reference. The graded pragmatic opposition non-identifiedness/identifiability/identifiedness. Neutralization of the oppositions and competition among the determiners is realized in the generic use of the noun in the utterance.

АКТИВНЫЕ СЛОВООБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНЫЕ ПРОЦЕССЫ В УКРАИНСКОМ

Author(s): Olga Kosovych / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2019

Dynamics of language, its ability to innovate, to create neologisms makes it possible to perform more complex cognitive-discursive functions, contributing to the reflection in the linguistic consciousness of the phenomena that are nominated. Neologic research acquires relevance focused on the occurrence of interactions between the well-established and accepted usage of the system of the Ukrainian language. This interaction reflects the process of harmonisation of the language system and the conceptosphere of modern society that is changing rapidly. Lexical changes in the language system are caused, as it is noted, primarily by extralinguistic factors. Denotation of new objects, events, concepts, realities, new words, new meanings of known words, new phrases are therefore the main characteristic feature in determining the nature of neologisms, new words. Categories of this type are considered by most researchers of neologisms. The formed neologisms as a result of these processes, do not represent new objects and concepts, and are used for names of words that already exist. According to my observations, among the neologisms introduced into the registers of lexicographic works, complex words dominate. The first is the formation of new words based on word-formative possibilities inherent in the language itself. These capabilities are being implemented, but with degrees intensity varying. In the formation of new words one notes a high activity of the prefix нео-, meaning renewal, of the prefix суб-, meaning fitting under something or near something, subordination, etc.

ТЕМАТИЧНИЯТ РЕЧНИК НА ДЖАН СУНСФЪН-КАНЕТИ – ОСНОВА ЗА ЛИНГВИСТИЧНИ ИЗСЛЕДВАНИЯ

Author(s): Liliya Ilieva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2019

Zhan Songfen (张荪芬女士) was a co-founder of the teachings of Modern Chinese and the founder of the teachings of wenyan in Sofia University. In 1969 she published a semantically organized Bulgarian-Chinese Dictionary 、 保汉分类词典。This dictionary can serve as a very useful base for linguistic studies. Some words for domestic birds are examined in the paper as an example of a possible analysis. As is known, natural objects are presented through linguistic taxonomies differently in different languages. With the designation of poultry, the Bulgarian language offers separate names for birds of the same species, specialized by sex and age. This is also a characteristic of the linguistic taxonomy of domestic animals and of animals in general as well. For example, in the Chinese language, there is a general term 鸡 jī which has the meaning `hen` as a biological species. There are no gender difference in this concept (i.e., the narrower term 'cock' is included here), nor age differences (i.e., the narrower term 'chicken' is included here). However, if a more specialized term is needed, it is expressed via composition： 妈 鸡 mā jī - `hen`, literally `mother hen`; 公鸡 gōng jī 'cock', literally `male hen`; .小鸡 xi ǎo jī `chicken`, literally `little hen`. The formations with the main word-designation of the duck 鸭yā and of the goose 鹅e as a biological species are parallel. These differences in the presentation of biological taxonomies in the language distinguish Chinese from Indo-European languages and not only from them

НОВИ ИЗСЛЕДВАНИЯ ВЪРХУ БЪЛГАРО-ЧЕШКАТА ГЛАГОЛНА МОРФОЛОГИЯ

Author(s): Marinela Mladenova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2019

ЗА НЯКОИ ИМЕНА И ПРОЗВИЩА В БЪЛГАРСКАТА И В АНГЛИЙСКАТА ЛИТЕРАТУРА

Author(s): Ivanka Sakareva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2021

Von Hof über hofieren zu höflich ... Zur deutschen Höflichkeit aus linguistischer Sicht

Author(s): Mihai Crudu / Language(s): German Issue: 5/2023

This paper aims at analyzing the concept of politeness (Höflichkeit) from a linguistical point of view, starting from the ethymon Old High German / Middle High German hof and its original meanings. We follow the semantical and structural evolution of the output word up to the current state of the language by researching the word family with its different nuances, e.g. Hof, Gehöft, höfisch, Höfling, and also compounds as Hofgut, Hofschranze, hoffähig, Friedhof, Fronhof, Fuhrhof etc. Thus arises an overview of the semantical potencies of the analyzed lexeme.

Role Vladimíra Šmilauera v etymologickém slovníku Václava Machka

Author(s): Vít Boček / Language(s): Czech Issue: 1/2024

This study examines both the quantitative and qualitative contribution of Vladimír Šmilauer to Václav Machek’s etymological dictionary. Appointed scientific referee, Šmilauer wrote lengthy evaluations for both editions of the dictionary, which contained hundreds of notes and suggestions for improving individual entries. In our paper we classify these comments into several groups, working mainly with the criterion of the nature of the comments (i.e. whether they concern the forms and/or meanings of words given in the entry, or the interpretation of the origin of the word) and the criterion of the acceptance of the suggestions by Machek (roughly on the axis of acceptance – alternative interpretation – rejection). Šmilauer’s reviews provide some hitherto unknown interpretations of Czech and Slovak words, and may thus stimulate further reflection on the origin of them.

The correlations between the average semester growth rates of syntactic and lexical complexity in L2 writing development at secondary school

Author(s): Katarzyna Rokoszewska / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2024

The article is devoted to the development of language complexity in a relatively under-researched area of adolescent writing from the point of view of Complex Dynamic Systems Theory (CDST). It describes the second part of a panel study which aimed to examine the relationships among the average semester growth rates (ASGRs) of specific measures of syntactic and lexical complexity within and between these two subsystems in writing in English as a foreign language at the secondary school level. The study involved the analysis of The Written English Developmental Corpus of Polish Learners (WEDCPL). The corpus, which comprises over 1900 essays, was created on the basis of 21 repeated measurements conducted in a group of 100 secondary school learners during a period of three years. With respect to the specific measures of syntactic and lexical complexity, the study indicated that nominalization developed faster than subordination and coordination, and that lexical variation developed faster than lexical density and sophistication per semester. Moreover, the relationships between the ASGRs of both syntactic and lexical measures were more supportive within than between the subsystems. The main pedagogical implication for English language teachers refers to fostering more coordinated development of language complexity at secondary school in the EFL context.

“Linguistic Evidence on Issues of Disagreement Between the Kufans and The Basrans”

Author(s): Fudda suliman muslim Al Mashaqaba / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2024

This research explores linguistic evidence in matters of scholarly disputes, focusing on both traditional (transmitted) and logical (reasoned and analogical) evidence. Using Ibn Al-Anbari's work as a primary source, the study examines six specific disputes, analyzing various opinions and evaluating their validity. The research also draws on the Quran as the fundamental reference for principles, discussing the theory of causation and different grammatical rules that have been contested. The emphasis is on the type and direction of the evidence rather than the specific disputes.The study is organized into an introduction, which covers the reasons for choosing the topic, previous studies, research problems, and methodology. The first chapter delves into the disputes over transmitted and rational evidence, defining linguistic evidence, comparing the perspectives of Basra and Kufa scholars, and examining specific issues such as the causation in the predicate after the negative particle " مم "and the prohibition of declension in poetic necessity.

Application Of the National Corpus Of The Kazakh Language In Linguistic Research

Author(s): K. K. Pirmanova,D. O. Tokmyrzaev,A. A. Pirmanova / Language(s): English Issue: 7/2024

National corpora are essential tools in modern linguistics, offering valuable data for analyzing language structures and their connection to the world.The primary goal of this study is to enhance the perception and analysis of the Kazakh language. It introduces a methodological approach that deepens the understanding of the structure and features of Kazakh.The research utilizes frequency analysis, syntactic parsing, and statistical methods to examine Kazakh language texts. The results demonstrate that the National Corpus provides extensive data for studying linguistic patterns. Frequency analysis identifies the most common words and phrases, while syntactic analysis uncovers patterns and connections between words. The study also highlights the variation in word usage and constructions, showing the language's adaptability to modern communication.The findings are applicable to lexicography, semantics, and syntax studies of the Kazakh language. Additionally, they offer practical benefits in language teaching, lexicographic resource creation, machine translation, and natural language processing.In conclusion, the research provides valuable tools for in-depth analysis of the Kazakh language, with broad applications across linguistic studies and practical fields.

Scurtă analiză lexico-terminologică asupra limbajului muzical tehnologic în perioada pandemiei

Author(s): Manuela Mihăescu,Cristian Mihăescu / Language(s): English,Romanian Issue: 2/2022

The pandemic period has created certain specific situations in many fields, one of them being the educational field. The transfer of activities to the online environment has also brought, beyond the specialized technical vocabulary of the platforms and computer applications used, new concepts that interfere, at times, with the “classic process of learning, teaching and development of new skills. The present article proposes, based on an empirical study, a lexical and terminological investigation on the technological musical language in the context of the virtualization of music education during the pandemic. Using a corpus of texts from specialized journals dealing with various topics in the field of music didactics, an attempt is made to systematize the denominations used for musical didactic methods and techniques during the abovementioned period.

THE BIPARTITE RECIPROCAL MARKER IN SERBIAN AND ITALIAN: NOVEL AGREEMENT PATTERNS

Author(s): Tanja Milićev,Micol Vianello / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2024

In this paper we discuss the emergence of novel agreement patterns of the bipartite reciprocal markers (BRM) jedan drugi (Serbian) and l’un(o) l’altro (Italian), both meaning ‘each other’. In Serbian, the most conclusive evidence of an ongoing change comes from novel case agreement patterns, where the first element of the BRM no longer agrees in case with the antecedent. For Italian, the absence of agreement on the first part (l’un) is understood to be a result of grammaticalization, accompanied by other symptoms such as semantic weakening. The major problems for this view are gender agreeing plural BRMs, and the fact that agreeing BRMs in general do not seem to be ‘less reciprocal’.

Kognitivne implikacije polisemije u prijevodima sure al-Balad

Author(s): Sinanudin Tatarević / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 1/2024

Using the descriptive-analytical method and grammatical analysis, this paper explores the phenomenon of lexical and grammatical polysemy in the 90th Qur'anic surah al-Balad. Contemporary works from Cognitive Linguistics and the tafsir tradition form the basis of the research. Some key lexical units in this surah are characterised by polysemy, as observed by commentators of the Qur'an. The commitment to a specific semantic structure during interpretation can lead to semantic changes in the text’s higher structures. The paper’s aim is to present the cognitive implications of the use of such expressions, and to discover why Qur'an translators opted for specific interpretive matrices in the Bosnian language.

ENGLISH MEDICAL ONYMS BETWEEN POLAND’S SYNDROME AND STOCKHOLM SYNDROME

Author(s): Floriana Popescu / Language(s): English Issue: 38/2024

Elements of the English medical nomenclature have been investigated and described from different perspectives for at least a century. Of the varied classes of terms and words, eponyms have most often been analysed and commented upon either in a positive or negative manner. Although eponyms have stirred either curiosity, admiration or bitter criticism because of more or less arguable reasons, toponyms in the medical nomenclature have most often found themselves in an opposite position. They have hardly drawn the interest of medical terminologists and never created controversies of an ethical, deontological or any other nature. Only a few locals protested now and then for the negative popularity and impact upon tourism if the local name of their business were attached to any disorder or disease. This paper is devoted to English medical toponymisms and some of their linguistic aspects. Through our minute research and preoccupations, a few useful and relevant conclusions were reached.

COMING TO GRIPS WITH BUSINESS ENGLISH VOCABULARY

Author(s): Andreea Iliescu / Language(s): English Issue: 38/2024

The present paper aims to narrow down the vast majority of exercises, customarily used to enhance business English vocabulary, to just a series of them. Thus, ‘matching business English terms with their suitable definitions’, ‘filling-in-the-gaps’ exercises, ‘studying business English texts to gain more insights into their rich vocabulary in phrasal verbs and idioms’, as well as ‘summarising particular texts with the same focus on business English items’, all these approaches are successfully shaping an invaluable business English vocabulary for economics students.

THE RECONSTRUCTION OF THE TEXT IN HERTA MULLER'S TEXTS TRANSLATED INTO ROMANIAN

Author(s): Anca Gorban / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 38/2024

Herta's prose is rather withdrawn as a literary genre, being divided between novels and volumes of essays. The translator does not require very different strategies in approaching these texts. Here, most often it is a matter of the translator's option, of his vision of his translational approach: either he proposes adaptation or fidelity in such a way as to preserve the "pulse" of the original text. Not even 30 years have passed since the first translations of Herta Müller's texts, so the original lyrics are still relevant, they are still in their prime. The test of time will place the translated versions to be (re)translated. Each translation is for its time, therefore, retranslations update the text in a new version, revealing, at the same time, another relationship with the cultural factor.

Kollokabilität ausgewählter astronomischer Termini: Zur semantischen Differenzierung der Begriffe Universum, All, Weltall, Weltraum und Kosmos

Author(s): Simona Tomášková / Language(s): German Issue: 55/2023

In this paper, we aim to conduct a semantic analysis of the synonyms Universum, All, Weltall, Weltraum, and Kosmos. The examination of the collocational potential of synonyms can unveil specific restrictions in the usage of collocations and contribute to the semantic delineation of words with similar meanings. The analysed nouns and their collocations are primarily used in the field of astronomy and astrophysics to depict physical processes and properties. All the analysed terms appear to combine with collocators indicating the expansion of the universe. In the examined material, verbal collocators frequently convey aspects of movement or mobility. Collocators associated with the noun Weltraum appear to refer to the space near the Earth rather than the entire universe. This restrictive behaviour was also observed with the collocator erdnah. Additionally, the noun Weltraum is used to denote the actual space between objects in the universe. The noun Kosmos is used as a synonym of Universum or Weltall but can also be found in the domain of philosophy. In summary, we can conclude that the terms are not always strictly synonymous in meaning. The differences in their usage can be attributed to their semantic ambiguity as well as their contextual dependency.

STYLE - FUNDAMENTAL CATEGORY OF STYLISTICS

Author(s): Valentina Andreea Popovici / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 38/2024

Journalistic style represents a part of language, a type of communication through which various specific acts of communication are interpreted. Regardless of the means or the way in which communication is carried out through the journalistic language, over time the journalistic style has developed in close connection with logical thinking. It can be regarded as one of the most important inventions of humanity, because it is based on the concept of exchanging information in real time, a concept without which the human species would not have the knowledge capacity that it benefits from at the current stage.

A szavak becsülete

Author(s): Rita Pletl / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 1/2024

The topic of this study is related to a slice of the online press stylistic analysis, delimited by lexicology, semantics and stylistics. My aim is to investigate the relationship between word choice and word reporting in Transylvanian Hungarian online media news texts from the perspective of appropriateness. By using the structure in the title (“honesty of words”), referring to Karinthy’s pamphlet, I want to emphasize that I am attempting to map the cases of word report development (change, modification) that “damage” the credibility of words; that may be considered as rule-breaking because the deviation of the occasional meaning from the usual one does not result in a stylistic effect, but in an imprecise, confused or unintelligible linguistic expression.

SYNONYMY IN TEXTBOOKS FOR SERBIAN AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE

Author(s): Jelena Marković Nikolajeva / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2024

This paper is about synonymy in Serbian as a foreign language. In Serbian vocabulary, which is represented in the textbooks for Serbian as a foreign language, there are many synonymous lexemes, and occasionally we come across lexical exercises with synonyms. We want to research whether all the synonyms that appear in textbooks for a certain level of learning are justified, and how much attention is paid to their learning. To that end, we will present a textbook lexicon of Učimo srpski 2 (2023), made for A2 and B1 levels of learning. The thematic organization of this textbook and the richness of the vocabulary and exercises provide an opportunity to explore an approach to synonymy in teaching Serbian as a foreign language. We will also look at the textbook Učimo srpski 1 (2020), to give an insight into the synonymous lexemes at the very beginning of the course of Serbian as a foreign language.