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The main topic of the article is the use of passive voice in Spoken Bulgarian. Special attention is paid to the passives with the auxiliary verb biva. A review of the existing opinions on the use of the forms under consideration is made. The possible contexts of use, as well as the presence or absence of competing passive verb forms in the given context, are considered. A conclusion for the preference of a passive verb form with biva is made.
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The aim of this paper is to present a new type of speech communities. Their participants are Bulgarian emigrants. The object of the surveillance is a group of young people, living in the USA. By the recording, transcription and analyzing of their spontaneous and not edited speech we received some linguistic data, which verify our hypothesis, that new emigrant speech communities live in conditions of subordinated bilingualism. It depends on the moment speech situation.
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The paper deals with the nominal derivatives formed by suffixation (suffixes -(a)c, -l(a) c, -telj, -v(a)c) in Voltić’s Ričoslovnik iliričkoga, italijanskoga i nimačkoga jezika (Vienna, 1803). Suffixation is the most productive way of word formation in nouns. This has also been confirmed by Voltić’s corpus. The majority of these derivatives are old and expected and Voltić has taken them over from the language as such, but they have also served him as a model for the formation of new words. These new derivatives will be analyzed in this paper. Special attention will be paid to the analysis of unusual derivatives, i.e. to cases in which we find some typical suffixes in special realizations, i.e. those formational models which are unusual because of the meaning of the derivative. Attention will also be drawn to derivatives formed by adaptation of the foreign model, primarily Italian and German. The analyzed examples will be determined according to their confirmation mostly in comparison with Rječnik hrvatskoga ili srpskoga jezika JAZU.
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The paper deals with global aspects of lexical semantics of traditional culture (thematic vocabulary), ie. territorially and chronologically differential vocabulary of the speech of Mačva whose semantics affects all aspects of traditional life using as sources of lexical material the short story by a writer from Macva, Laza K. Lazarevic “For the first time with his father at the morning service” and vocabulary collected on the field in Macva, published and unpublished. The focus of the Orientalism as an current cultural trail in this area, the traditional culureme(lexeme) of the multicultural space on synchronic and diachronic level, lexical unit the semantics of which may be arrived at through a multi-disciplinary study. A linguocultural lexicographic procedure is proposed suitable for the presentation of cultural extralinguistic deposits in the semantics of lexicon, which requires encyclopedic definition arrived at by interdisciplinary studies and expertise that would be based on the results of an expert multi-cultural team.
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The article sets out to draw a very brief comparison of the common features shared by the purist attitudes displayed by two 19th-century English and Romanian scholars, William Barnes and August Treboniu Laurian and classifies them according to the set of criteria devised by Thomas (1991). The paper also goes over several concepts regarding purism. The author of the paper analyses the concept of purism in both countries within the intellectual and temporal dimensions of purism.William Barnes was a Victorian reformer, a polymath, a priest, a poet in his Dorset dialect and a utopian prescriptivist linguist capitalizing on the Germanic word stock of English and suggesting the removal of excessive Latin & Greek vocabulary. He wrote several linguistic books and poetry. August Treboniu Laurian was an outstanding Romanian reformer and polymath. He penned a theoretical book heralding his reformist belief: “Tentamen Criticum”, in 1840 and a huge Dictionary of the Romanian language in 1876 (after a seven year work) capitalising on the Latin word stock of Romanian and suggesting the removal of non-Latin lexemes.
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The study focuses on a new meaning of the native word predizvikatelstvo (challenge), which comes as a semantic calque from English. This meaning transfers a new concept which is identified, perceived and mastered as experience and value by the speakers of Bulgarian. The new meaning demonstrates awareness transfer related to particular type of behaviour and attitude towards tasks and goals. Such awareness has existed in human nature but has not been previously identified likewise. Probably that is the reason why so far it has not been denoted in the Bulgarian language. As a whole, the study contributes to the description of new meanings, included in the dictionaries of new words and meanings.
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This paper offers a contrastive analysis of terminological units with special reference to the interaction between the contacting languages in the current Kazakh terminology. The research interest lies on such a linguistic phenomenon as interference that is likely to appear in language contacts. The aim of the study is to approach the process of linguistic interference in the current Kazakh terms under the influence of English and Russian. Terminological units undergo contrastive and definition analyses to define the differential features of interference. We aim to find the errors at the semantical level, at the communication level, locking in the language and perception. The synopsis of Kazakh terminology is presented in this cross linguistic study.
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The dictionary Geographical Renaming in Bulgaria 1878-2014, published by the Bulgarian Encyclopaedia Scientific Information Centre of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, TRUD Publishing House, 2015, is a first attempt to collect all renamed places in Bulgaria in one volume. The dictionary contains 415 6 toponyms along with comparisons, explanations and comments. The geographical naming conventions, renaming and name restoration in Bulgaria remain problematic. The selection oftoponyms, the renaming criteria that the commissions of the municipal councils use, as well as the composition of said commissions, all warrant criticism. In addition, the process of communicating the new toponyms to the administrations and the general public, of adopting the toponyms and controlling their usage is less than perfect. Furthermore, this article raises the issue of the lack of a consistent policy on the part of authorities, namely, the Geodesy, Cartography and Cadastre Agency of the Ministry ofRegional Development and Public Works.
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The paper deals with the topic of the relationship between Bulgarian history and Bulgarian linguistic archeology. It is argued that the products of Bulgarian linguistic archeology are unjustifiably not accepted or taken into consideration by some representatives of contemporary Bulgarian historiography. Linguistic archaeological reading is carried out on three main topics: 1. Tangra: Tentri; 2. Did Tangranian religion exist among the Bulgarians and Bulgars until the time of Simeon the Great; 3. The mark ofTangra IYI : IVI. The myth that Tangra is the supreme deity of the ancient Bulgarians is scientifically debunked.
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The article generally presents the results of the analysis of 800 names of areas in the region of Shumen, which are included in the Archive of toponyms ofEpiskop KonstantinPreslavsky University ofShumen. The toponyms are systematized in thematic groups and according to their origin, and special attention is given to local names of plants and animals formed with a motivating lexeme. The findings indicate: I) the reviewed names include several layers - both old names of presumably pro to-Bulgarian and Slavonic origin and such formed from the local Turkish dialect; 2) the names belong to various thematic groups; 3) among local names of plants and animals formed with a motivating lexeme the prevailing ones are borrowed from Turkish language. A future profound research of the names will allow a detailed presentation of the diversity of the toponymical material from the Shumen region.
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The paper examines the scientific "portrait" of Pro£ Todor Balkanski, D.Sc. The reason for the appearance of this writing is that the Bulgarian linguist and historian T. Balkanski turned 7 5 in 2019. The eminent scientist is the first doctor of onomastics and linguistic archeology of Bulgarian linguistics. He is also a long-time academician at the Institute for Bulgarian Language "Prof. Lyubomir Andreychin " at the Bulgarian Academy Of Sciences. A brief overview of the works of this famous Bulgarian researcher has been made, who is the author of more than 600 articles and studies, as well as of about 50 books. His work has significant scientific contribution to Bulgarian studies, recognized and appreciated by prestigious Bulgarian and foreign scientists. Pro£ T. Balkanski, D.Sc. is a leading Bulgarian onomast and linguistic archeologist of our time.
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The research object of the present text is Bulgarian, Serbian, Croatian, and Slovenian personal names, derived from a name, which is Latin by origin, that denotes a plant or an animal. The main aim is to present their full list as well as their initial meaning. Specialized anthroponymic dictionaries are used as the main source of information for excerpting the researched anthroponyms. All of them contain information not only about the different name forms, but also about their etymology, origin, and canonization. The researched anthroponyms are divided into three major groups according to: 1) the meaning of the appellative (i. e. a thematic classification); 2) the type of the basic word (i. e. if the researched anthroponym is derived directly from an appellative or via another anthroponym (in this case a Roman gentile name or a Neolatin name)); 3) their canonization.
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The aim of this study is to compare the frequently found sustainable comparisons with a component word, naming part of the body in Bulgarian and French languages, paying attention to the associations generated by the comparator in each phraseological unit. Understanding the meaning of phraseology, as well as its translation in the context in which it is used, are of interest because of the different symbolism of the image in the two language communities, with which the somatic component is compared or in the cases in which the image plays the role of a comparator in comparative constructions.
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This presentation deals with aspects regarding sound articulation in a word or enunciation, considering co-articulation and the context which may influence the change of the means or place of articulation in view of simplifying the pronunciation of the respective phonetic body. In the second part of the article, we tackle the phonetic changes explained through semantic causes: popular etymology, also called false etymology, sometimes determined by the simple sound or semantic closeness of the words associated to it; contamination, a mixture of similar forms where the newly created word becomes synonymous with its components; lexical deviation, a phenomenon which consists in the conscious use of a term instead of another that shares in common with one or more sounds in the initial syllables.
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The article explores the possibility (but also the need) to analyze the syntactic functions of the components of the anthroponymic composite in the Bulgarian name system. This study does not focus so much on pseudonyms and nicknames since their function of appositives to the formal anthroponym has long been studied and is considered a priori accepted. The emphasis is primarily on surnames (father’s names and family names). They have not yet received due attention in terms of their syntactic potential, which certainly goes beyond their attributive characteristics. The article also proposes some significant terminological clarifications in regard to the terms that are traditionally used to designate the components of the anthroponymic composite in Bulgarian language.
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In this article more than 370 personal names from Scythia Magna are analysed in comparison with the onomastics of Scythia Minor and Haemimontus. Among the most cited literature are publications of Bulgarian academics D. Dechev, Vl. Georgiev, K. Vlahov, I. Duridanov, J. Zaimov and others.
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