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Konštruovanie významov v koronavírusovom diskurze

Author(s): Zdenko Dobrík / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 3/2020

This study focuses on a comparative description and explication of certain phenomena associated with the use of language in coronavirus-related discourse which has occurred or been published in the mass media of Slovakia and Germany. One of the examined phenomena is discourse actors’ construction and reconstruction of meanings, specifically with regard to the expressions SARS-CoV-2 (koronavírus/Coronavirus), COVID-19, rúško/Mundschutz/mask, among others, primarily from the perspectives of the cognitive model of lexical meaning and xenolinguistics. The study also looks at the ways that the state (politicians, certain state officials) exercises its power in language interactions with the public.

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Z archívnych políc na svetlo sveta... Prvý zväzok rukopisu Štefana Tóbika Gemerské nárečia I – III

Author(s): Gabriel Rožai / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 3/2020

Review of: TÓBIK, Štefan: Gemerské nárečia I. Časť prvá. Úvod – Členenie – Charakteristika. Ed. J. Dudášová-Kriššáková. Prešov: Vydavateľstvo Prešovskej univerzity v Prešove 2018. 176 s. ISBN 978-80-555-1993-7. Tóbik, Štefan: Gemerské nárečia I. Časť druhá. Gemerská nárečová čítanka. Ed. J. Dudášová-Kriššáková. Prešov: Vydavateľstvo Prešovskej univerzity v Prešove 2018. 448 s. ISBN 978-80-555-1994-4.

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Reciprocita v slovenčine a optimalizácia jej lexikografického spracovania

Author(s): Martina Ivanová / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 2/2020

The study deals with the question when does the reflexive marker sa, si accompanying a verb present the clitic form of the pronoun and when it can be described as the reflexive morpheme used to derive verb with reciprocal semantics. Considering the results of a semantic test (reciprocity as the typical implication of the verb semantics) and syntactic test (the possibility to use the verb in the subject discontinuous construction), we came to the conclusion which verbs can be considered as derived reciprocals and thus should be processed in the dictionary and in which cases the reflexive marker is used to coin the reciprocal construction of non-reflexive verb with the reciprocity as possible, yet not typical implication.

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Frekvencia krstných mien v multikonfesionálnom urbánnom prostredí v rokoch 1791 - 1890 (na príklade mesta Prešov)

Author(s): Kristína Volovská / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 2/2022

This study analyses the frequency of first names in selected religions in the town Prešov analyzing the church registers of catholic, evanjelic and orthodox church in 19th century by concentrating on the years 1791 to 1890. The purpose of this text is to analyse the most frequent first names in a multi-religious environment and a comparison of the three churches developing side by side in closed urban system. The supporting questions also cover the most frequent birth names of twins/triplets and illegitimate children. The results of a research from the town Prešov are confronted with similar studies from the area of north Hungary whereby the research gains an over-regional dimension.

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Na hranici vlastných mien a druhových označení: sémantické, pravopisné a právne aspekty používania slovenských názvov olympijských podujatí

Author(s): Marek Mikušiak / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 2/2022

The paper deals with the Slovak names referring to the Olympic Games that appear to be, in a sense, borderline cases between proper names and generic terms. The study focuses on semantic and spelling aspects of these names, but also on legal restrictions imposed on the use of the term olympiáda (Olympics/Olympiad), so the analysis goes beyond the traditional semantics and partly falls within the field of applied linguistics focusing on language and law. The paper shows that despite the latest proposal the Slovak spelling system cannot be consistently based on the principle of "completeness" of the name. Secondly, it is argued that spelling variants olympiáda/ Olympiáda and olympijské hry/ Olympijské hry should be accepted in written Slovak. Finally, the study clarifies the special status of the word olympiáda as quasi-trademark, resulting from the legislative protection of the Olympic symbolism.

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Nárečie z novej perspektívy

Author(s): Mária Mikolajová / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 2/2022

Review of the book: Gavurová, M.: Dialekt ako prejav identity. Fintice: FACE - Fórum alternatívnej kultúry a vzdelávania 2021. 234 s. ISBN 978-80-89763-62-7

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Slovníky a lexikografické otázky v časopise Slovenská reč

Author(s): Ľubica Balážová,Bronislava Chocholová,Nicol Janočková,Natália Kolenčíková,Lucia Miháliková / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 3/2022

The contribution describes which dictionaries and how they were treated in the Slovenská reč journal throughout its ninety years of existence. The theoretical, methodological and conceptual issues in lexicography that were addressed by the journal in the given time period are also considered. By analyzing the papers published in the journal, the contribution aims to present the history and respectable figures of the Slovak dictionary-making. A great deal of attention, however, is given to explanatory and translational dictionaries of the 20th and 21st centuries, which historically evolved in contact with (and the context of) Czech and Russian (Soviet) schools of lexicography. Special dictionaries that cover lexis according to its functional attribute, the individual parameters of words, or developmental and territorial criteria are also in focus. Limited space is dedicated to corpus linguistics which in close collaboration with computational lexicography delivers material resources needed for the lexicographic work.

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Terminologické výskumy v časopise Slovenská reč

Author(s): Jana Levická / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 3/2022

The paper aims to depict the role of Slovenská reč in the development and consolidation of Slovak terminology. The first part focusing on the 1932-1953 period presents the intense quest for principles of terminology consolidation and creation of terminologies in respective domains. The second part, dealing with the period beginning in 1953, reflects especially the boom of terminological work in Slovakia as well as the mandatory coordination of Slovak and Czech terminologies. Subsequent decades saw intensive research on contemporary Slovak terminology as well as terminological units in Slovak dialects and pre-standard varieties of Slovak.

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Onomastické výskumy v časopise Slovenská reč

Author(s): Juraj Hladký,Iveta Valentová / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 3/2022

Onomastics as an independent linguistic discipline was also formed and developed through studies, articles and comments on current orthographic problems of proper names by Slovak linguists and onomasticians in the Slovenská reč journal. In this article, we have tried to show this development at least partially. We have focused on the solution of theoretical, methodological, etymological and orthographic issues in the research of proper names. We have characterized the works dealing with analyses of onymic lexis and containing synthesizing results of these analyses within the framework of individual onomastic branches, basic types of proper names and thematic areas. We compared the proposed solutions to the problematic phenomena discussed within the state of the art and its results at present.

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O nárečiach v Slovenskej reči (najmä) z pohľadu dialektológie

Author(s): Viera Kováčová / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 3/2022

The paper summarizes nine decades of the Slovenská reč journal with a thematic focus on regional dialects and their scholarly reflection in the texts published therein. First and foremost, it presents articles of a dialectological nature but, in justified cases, attention is also paid to articles from other linguistic areas or approaches, as long as they bring relevant information about dialects (their reception and evaluation, development and functioning). As the results of the analysis show, the golden era of dialectology and dialects in the journal was the period of the 1970s through the 1990s, when not only the number of dialectologically oriented contributions increased but their material relevance, interpretive plausibility, and thus overall scholarly value intensified.

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The Economy of Czech Exchange in the Slovak Marketplace of Austria after the Fall of Hungary

Author(s): Martin Diweg-Pukanec / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

Lexical quanta in writing and speech are important indicators of an individual’s social class. This paper analyses the lexical features of the utterances produced by writers/speakers from different social classes in terms of word length based on a representative sample of letters from the Kremnica archive. The study found that writers/speakers from different social classes showed different average word length in the 2nd half of the 16th century. According to the analysis of the letters, writers/speakers from the upper classes produced utterances with longer words than those from the lower classes. These differences are explained by factors related to the individual’s social class backgrounds and his "right to speech" or "right to be read". The linguistic economy principle, objective of which is to save more time and energy by conveying more information with less effort is thus far from exhaustive and by no means reflects the whole sociolinguistic reality.

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Comparative Lexical Analysis of Noun Lemmas in Slovak Judicial Decisions

Author(s): Miroslav Zumrík / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

The paper presents a comparative lexical analysis of the most frequent noun lemmas in Slovak judicial decisions. The data was taken from the large corpus of decisions provided by the Ministry of Justice of the Slovak Republic, and compared with lemmas from four other corpora. The style of administrative, legal and other highly formalized texts has been receiving attention in recent years, although research into the style of Slovak judicial decisions remains rather sparse, which could partially stem from their idiosyncratic nature. The paper’s aim is thus to focus on the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of noun lemmas found specifically in the style of judicial decisions.

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Through Derivational Relations to Valency of Non-verbal Predicates in the NomVallex Lexicon

Author(s): Veronika Kolářová,Václava Kettnerová,Jiří Mírovský / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

NomVallex is a manually annotated valency lexicon of Czech nouns and adjectives that enables a comparison of valency properties of derivationally related lexical units. We present new developments in how the lexicon facilitates research into changes in valency across part-of-speech categories and derivational types. In particular, it provides links from derived lexical units to their base lexical units and also allows to search and display a base lexical unit together with all lexical units directly derived from it. Using an automatic procedure, any difference in valency between two derivationally related lexical units is specified. As a case study, focusing on nouns and adjectives directly or indirectly motivated by verbs, the facilities provided by the lexicon are used to show differences in what ways the particular deverbal derivatives representing various derivational types express the valency complementation standing in the base verbal construction in the subject position.

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Text Vectorization Techniques Based on Wordnet

Author(s): Dávid Držík,Kirsten Šteflovič / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

The utilization of text vectorization techniques has become essential for numerous classification tasks in present-day natural language processing. Word embedding methods commonly used today, such as Word2Vec, GloVe, etc., are based on the semantic similarity of words. WordNet, as a lexical database of words, provides a rich source of semantic information. In our article, we propose a text vectorization technique using extended text data with the data augmentation method, specifically by replacing words with their synonyms obtained from WordNet. The results obtained from text classification tasks using multiple classifiers demonstrate that expanding the corpus with this method leads to improved vector representations of words.

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Zdomácňovanie anglicizmov ako problém pravopisu a postojov alebo Prípad puzzle/pucle

Author(s): Alexandra Jarošová / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 2/2023

The first part of the study deals with the question of how the domestication of Anglicisms is related to the ethnostructural and orthographic setting of the receiving, i.e., from the point of view of adaptation, the dominant language. Attention is also drawn to the fact that the degree of adaptation differs significantly in individual thematic groups of words and communication spheres. The second part explains how this disparity is related to the naming function of the borrowed words, but also to the attitudes of Slovak speakers. The third part of the study reflects the increasing number of intolerant attitudes towards adapted forms of Anglicisms naming common realities. This phenomenon and its consequences in the form of a weakening of the principle of dominance of the receiving language is demonstrated in the textual functioning of the unadapted Anglicism puzzle and its adapted variant pucle.

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Ke koncepci proprií a deproprií v akademickém slovníku současné češtiny

Author(s): Jana Georgievová,Jan Křivan,Michaela Lišková,Martin Šemelík / Language(s): Czech Issue: 3/2023

This paper is a conceptual supplement sui generis, the aim of which is to present a modified treatment of proper names and deproprial expressions in the Academic Dictionary of Contemporary Czech (ADCC). The focus of the study is both a reflection on the past and current lexicographical practice and a discussion of the key issues related to the treatment of the respective lexical subsystem in the dictionary. First, we summarize the basic facts concerning the lexicographic processing of proprial and deproprial lexical units in the field of explanatory lexicography. Second, we provide some more general information about the ADCC and, most importantly, about the macrostructure and microstructure of the dictionary in reference to the topic of the present study. We focus on the inclusion of proprial and deproprial entries in the ADCC and the specific treatment of proper names contained in phrasemes. Special attention is paid to the microstructure of proprial and deproprial entries, as well.

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Súčasný slovakistický výskum na Karlovej univerzite v Prahe

Author(s): Marián Sloboda,Mira Nábělková / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 3/2023

The paper presents current research in the field of Slovak linguistics at the Faculty of Arts of Charles University, Czechia. The paper highlights the characteristic features observable in the research of the Slovak studies unit that was established within the Department of Slavic Studies in 1994 soon after the dissolution of the Czech-Slovak federation. The Slovak linguistic research carried out by the department in the context of the independent Czech Republic is characterized by (1) a focus on the changed Czech-Slovak relations, (2) an interest in communicating Slovak linguistic research globally and (3) interdisciplinarity. The paper presents research results as part of academic life, taking into account historical connections and the changing institutional conditions of the past decade or so.

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Vlastní jména míst označujících české a slovenské lokality v mineralogické nomenklatuře

Author(s): Jan Holeš / Language(s): Czech Issue: 1/2024

The article deals with the terminology of mineralogy, particularly with the names of minerals formed from proper names of places located in the territory of the Czech Republic and the Slovak Republic. The official list of minerals approved by the Commission on New Minerals, Nomenclature and Classification of the International Mineralogical Association is used as a corpus. In the sample, containing almost six thousand items, 40 terms of this type were found, constituting 21% and 24% of the names for which the Czech Republic or the Slovak Republic is listed as the first place of discovery. These terms have become part of the official terminological vocabulary of the natural sciences. For each of them, the article provides its etymology. The names are based on onomastic metonymies, with roots referring to the names of type localities where the minerals were found, names of the surrounding villages, towns, hills, and mountain ranges.

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On the Etymology of the name Haná (River and Region in Central Moravia)

Author(s): Ondřej Bláha / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2024

The author evaluates the existing etymological interpretations of the nameof the Haná river in Central Moravia, which became the name of the entire adjacent region in 16th century. Taking into account the natural character of Haná river and the assumed inter-ethnic contacts in Moravia at the time of the arrival of the Slavs, the author considers it likely that the name of the Haná river is motivated in the same way as the name of the Jahna river in Saxony. According to the author, both names are Germanic, the original form of both names is *Ganō and the Indo-European root *gʰan- 'to yawn' (cf. German verb gähnen) is at the base of the name. The Haná river is thus a 'yawning river', i.e. a lazy flowing, shallow river with low banks.

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Этимологизация фразеологизмов: некоторые проблемы и задачи

Author(s): Natalia Korina / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2024

This paper is aimed at the most specific problems occurred by etymologizing the set-phrasemes in comparison with the regular vocabulary units. The methodology of phraseological etymologizing is analysed taking into account the Constructions Grammar’s approach to the phraseme as a structural-semantic unit. In this connection the author considers Phraseme Constructions as a "bridge" between grammar and vocabulary. The paper is based on Slavic phraseology highlighting the relevance of area and contrastive approaches. A special attention is paid to the role of Š. Ondruš’ works in establishing relationships between etymology, phraseology and area studies.

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