Artikulacijsko-fonološke sposobnosti djece s cerebralnom paralizom

Author(s): Emica Farago,Draženka Blaži,Martina Vukovic Ogrizek / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 1/2016

The goal of this research was to examine and compare articulation and phonological abilities in children with cerebral palsy and their typically developing peers. An examination was conducted on a sample of 15 children with cerebral palsy and 15 typically developing children. The two groups were equalized by gender and age. The measuring instruments used were the Articulation Test and phonological ability tasks. The data were analysed using the robust discriminative analysis, t-test, chi-square test, as well as the Cohran-Cox test. The results showed a signifycant statistical difference in articulation and phonological abilities between children with cerebral palsy and typically developing children. The difference between the groups is for the most part due to the variables deletion of consonants and number of articulation errors. The variables first voice segregation, phonemic analysis, and rhyme searching are also signifi cant in creating this discriminant function. The results also confirm statistical differences in articulation and phonological abilities that are related to the type of cerebral palsy. A group of children with a spastic type of cerebral palsy was more successful in phoneme analysis, syllable analysis, consonant deletion tasks, and rhyme searching tasks. They also had better articulation abilities.

Херменевтични бележки за библейските псалми

Author(s): Regina Koycheva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 16/2016

The article examines two difficult to interpret verses from the Book of Psalms. The analysis compares the Hebrew text, the Septuagint, the Old Bulgarian text (along with its Church Slavonic version) and the Modern Bulgarian synodical translation of the psalms. The proposed reading is based on linguistic, literary and theological observations. In the first analysed verse (Ps. 4:2), semantic illegibility is interpreted as a result of the implicit presence of a specific Hebraism in the translations. In the other case (Ps. 5:9), verbal expression is highly elliptical because of the preference given to the phonetic structure of the verse in the Hebrew original.

Priedēkļi kā internacionālismu „nacionalizācijas” līdzekļi

Author(s): Daiki Horiguchi / Language(s): Latvian Issue: 3/2013

Prefixation of borrowed verbs (mostly internationalisms) in Latvian is an active word-formational process, where we find the activity character of prefixation as linguistic activity and the speaker’s involvemnent in derivation of new prefixal derivatives based on analogy. We discuss prefixation of internationalisms in Latvian in contrast to the culture of language, because this question has not been enough discussed neither in aspectology nor word-formation, but only evaluated negatively in culture of language. Further we focus on two prefixes no- and pa-.Prefix no- is most productively added to borrowed verbs (40,0%) and most criticized in culture of language for its redundant accentuation of perfectivity, which is not desirable for most borrowed verbs. Prefix pa- is criticized in culture of language because it adds an unserious meaning to the action. Just like diminutives denoting some subjective evaluation besides the smallness of object, pa-verbs express the smallness of action and the speaker’s subjective evaluation.Prefixes include borrowed verbs in the lecixal system of the language, adding at the same time to the verbs certain way of recognizing the world – in these cases with no- and pa- the aspectual viewpoint and subjective evaluation – and "latvianize" therefore foreign words. Paradoxally, however, the culture of language manifests itself against this linguistic activity, because the prevalence of individualization of text (expression of aspectual opposition, expression of subjective evaluation, expressivity, creativeness of prefixation) is inherent for this kind of prefixation.

К ВОПРОСУ О ПАДЕНИИ РЕДУЦИРОВАННЫХ ГЛАСНЫХ В ДРЕВНЕРУССКОМ ЯЗЫКЕ: ХРОНОЛОГИЯ, ФОНОЛОГИЧЕСКИЙ МЕХАНИЗМ, ОТРАЖЕНИЕ В ПАМЯТНИКАХ

Author(s): Mihail Borisovich Popov / Language(s): Russian Issue: 5/2015

The paper is focused on some controversial issues of relative and absolute chronology concerning the fall of reduced vowels in the Old Russian dialects, as well as peculiarities of its phonological mechanism. The phonological theory and Old Russian written records of the 12th century support the view on new jat (ѣ) phonologization before the fall of the weak reduced vowel in the next syllable. Based on the contrasting graphemes of е, о and ь, ъ in the manuscripts of the 13th–14th centuries, the idea of rather late (after the change of strong reduced vowels in [e] and [o]) disappearance of reduced vowels as phonemes is developed. The mixed concept of “absolutely weak position”, which is ambiguously estimated in paleo-Russian studies, is discussed in the context of V.M. Markov’s hypothesis of non-etymological reduced vowels as a trigger of their fall.

Językoznawcza i logopedyczna analiza syntetycznej metody wywoływania zębowej głoski zwarto-szczelinowej

Author(s): Danuta Pluta-Wojciechowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2016

The author Danuta Pluta-Wojciechowska presents certain reflections on the methods of sound elicitation. She offers the linguistic analysis, as well as, the analysis from the point of view of speech therapy of the synthetic method of sound learning providing, at same time, the example of therapy where professionals dealt with case of dental affricative sound. In the following section of the text, the relevance of linguistic knowledge and the theory of speech therapy in the course of planning the providing speech treatment was stressed.

Wokół recepcji Lukrecji Floriani George Sand – refleksje na marginesie polskiego wydania powieści

Author(s): Katarzyna Nadana-Sokołowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2015

The article discusses the afterword to the Polish edition of “Lucrezia Floriani” (2009) – George Sand’s 1846 novel, based on autobiographical motifs (the author’s relationship with Frederic Chopin), which was usually seen in a very unfavorable way by Chopin’s successive biographers, up to considering the novel an example of caricature and libel. The article shows that Mieczysław Tomaszewski, author of the afterword, joins this misogynous tradition of the novel’s reception as well, through denial of the writer’s right to her own view and suggestions that apart from its biographical meaning, the novel is devoid of any literary value. The article compares Tomaszewski’s afterword to the newest interpretations which emphasise the uncommonness of the novel’s in feminist criticism emancipated protagonist when juxtaposed with 19th-century models of femininity.

Gdańskie transpozycje

Author(s): Mateusz Hachlica / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2015

Nowadays, in humanities there is a strong tendency to create specific biographies. Mentioned opuses are not focused on well-known people but on famous cities, which are considered as still developing and changing places. Cities consist of different elements and phenomena like architecture, culture, economy and literature. This new way of creating biographies was shown by a German author Peter Oliver Loew. In his book, Loew presented Gdańsk as a strong and free city, which did not lose its identity and functioned like a Hanseatic polis.

Ortograficzne i ortoepiczne zróżnicowanie słowacko‑serbskich aproksymatów międzyjęzykowych

Author(s): Ivan Faško / Language(s): Polish Issue: 51/2016

The paper is a presentation of the results of a qualitative formal analysis of different types of Serbo-Slovak interlingual approximates (false friends, interlingual homonyms). In his earlier research on Serbo-Slovak approximation, the author of this paper defined the appropriate terminology and the meaning of the notions similar and identical in terms of quantitative analysis. The results of the study are based on lexical material containing 266 pairs of Serbo-Slovak approximates. They have been classified into four groups – interlingual homonyms, homophones, homographs and paronyms. We found that the differences between approximates are similar in their nature within the groups they were classified into. The existence of these types of differences is possible due to the presence of numerous spelling principles in the Slovak orthography – which features a combination of the phonetic, morphological, grammatical and etymological principles. In the Serbian language, the phonetic principle is the only one consistently present, and the morphological principle can be seen only in a few exceptions. Orthoepic differences are closely related to the orthographic ones. In addition, we can distinguish other kinds of differences which result from a different etymological development or are accidental. Comparing and understanding differences gives a comprehensive and clear view of the formal differentiation of Serbo-Slovak interlingual approximation.

Nino De Vita: poezja sycylijska między dialektalnością a zwierzęcością

Author(s): Paulina Malicka / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2016

The purpose of this article is to draw attention to the issue of human‑animal relationships in contemporary works of poetry and prose by Nino De Vita (b. 1950) – a Sicilian born in Marsala, for whom the local dialect of Cutusiu contrade becomes the language of expression. The author leaves out of his writings anthropocentric models and introduces into them narratives concerning various forms of life marked by common and indivisible history. Both animal and human characters share similar fates, experience the same emotions, reciprocate feelings, suffer and feel fear. Still, what unites the human and animal world most is the language, or rather the dialect, of Marsala – a common channel of interspecies communication. The expression of the animal nature in people who wish to most spontaneously and sincerely express their own emotions and moods, resorts to dialectal sound, the mother tongue, characterized by great intimacy but also violence. Finally, the dialectality and animality of Nino De Vita’s work involve going beyond the boundaries, tracking and leaving traces as well as marking the territory for fear of loss and being left. This poetry is written in the name of ‘another him’ and for him.

Към въпроса за адлозите в съвременния турски език

Author(s): Milena Yordanova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2017

The paper is aimed at the specific class of words in the modern Turkish language. They are the functional equivalents of prepositions in Indo-European languages. The present article undertakes nouns in adpositional function just in the ablative case form.

Проблемно обучение, електронно учене и мобилни технологии при изучаването на чужд език

Author(s): Maria Neikova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2017

The article focuses on the role and place of problem-based learning in foreign language teaching. Its practical application creates the necessary conditions for the students to become active, autonomous subjects of their own learning. Problem-based learning is mostly implemented in the context of the traditional in-person form of education but it can function successfully in the context of e-learning as well. As a result, problem-based learning online strengthens its positions in FLT today. Mobile technologies are successfully integrated in the process of language learning and allow the students to overcome the restrictions of time and place in their own learning.

Новият литературен жанр „Транслит“

Author(s): Madeleine Danova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2017

The article looks at the way the new hybrid genre of the biofiction functions in the postmodern age. It examines this new genre against the background of such notions as Coupland’s “TransLit” and Hutcheon’s “historiographic metafiction”, as well as Bauman’s “liquid modernity”. It also traces the development of the genre of biography and its use in the subtle play between fact and fiction in contemporary literature. A specific attention is paid to the biographical fictions based on the life and the works of Henry James, one of the canonical figures in Anglo-American literature and in particular to one of the less known biofictions, Liebmann-Smith’s The James Boys: A Novel Account of Four Desperate Brothers (2008). The article reaches a conclusion that the “TransLit” of today destroys the temporal and the spatial boundaries creating a patchwork of fragments united by the power of the writer’s imagination.

Лучия Антонова-Василева. Диалектната система на с. Шищевец, Кукъска Гора – един говор на границите на българската граматика

Author(s): Slavka Keremidchieva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 34/2017

Govor Voštena

Author(s): Lina Pliško,Tatjana Ljubešić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 2/2017

This paper presents the phonological and morphological features of the local dialect of Vošteni, a village belonging to the Istrian municipality of Sv. Lovreč. The linguistic features have been analysed in the context of the Southwest Istrian dialect group, to which it belongs according to Brozović's (1988) and Lisac's (2009) classification, as well as of those of the neighbouring Tinjan type dialects. It has been concluded that the linguistic characteristics of Vošteni are equal to those of Butori (Pliško, Ivetić 2010: 127–135) and Hlistići (Pliško, 2007: 95–106), and differ from those of Kringa in the truncated infinitive, Šćakavian realisation of the old consonant cluster *stj, the change jt > tj > ć in the verb doć, poć, and in the reduction of final l in the masculine form of the active verbal adjective: bi, voli, sti (Pliško, Ljubešić 2009: 101–102). Further research of Sv. Lovreč dialect type will define the dialect subgroup and its place within the Central Southwest Istrian dialect group.

ФОНЕТИЧНИ И МОРФОЛОГИЧНИ ОСОБЕНОСТИ НА ГОВОРИТЕ НА СЕЛАТА ХЕБИЛЕВО, ГЮМЮРДЖИНСКО, И ГОРНИ ЮРУЦИ, КРУМОВГРАДСКО

Author(s): Georgi Mitrinov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2017

The article presents the specific phonetic and morphological features of the dialect of the village of Hebilevo, Komotini district. They are compared to the peculiarities of the dialect of Gorni Yurutsi village, Krumovgrad region, which is part of the dialect of village Hebilevo. It shows the general peculiarities and differences between the two Bulgarian dialects.

СОЦИОЛИНГВИСТИЧНИ ФАКТОРИ ЗА ЕДИН ЧАСТЕН СЛУЧАЙ НА БЪЛГАРСКО-РУМЪНСКА ИНТЕРФЕРЕНЦИЯ В ГОВОРА НА НОВО СЕЛО, ВИДИНСКО

Author(s): Hristina Deykova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2017

The paper clarifies sociolinguistic factors in a particular case of grammatical interference between Bulgarian and Romanian in the dialect of the village of Novo Selo, Vidin district, concerning the biaspectual functioning of the Romanian verb borrowings adapted with formants -ùшъ(м), -łшъ(м) and -àшъ(м) in the Bulgarian dialect. The so-called Blueprint principle in the contact etymology is applied, which aims at identifying the type of contact situation and reconstructing it according to modern language contact studies.

Du CECR au texte littéraire à travers le manuel de FLE

Author(s): Violeta Conduruță (Măzăroaie) / Language(s): French Issue: 2/2022

Following its publication, the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages redefines the status of the literary text and proposes new approaches to documents in the form of tasks to be solved in the classroom. Before analyzing the place of literature in a corpus of high school textbooks, we point out that literary texts have always played a role in the teaching of French as a foreign language (FLE). Given this context, each unit comprises several parts, including an initial text with reading comprehension exercises, sections dedicated to the study of lexis and grammar, sometimes accompanied by speech acts (if they are not the subject of a particular section), a section dealing with questions of (inter)culture and civilization, and even an evaluation rubric. As an integral part of FLE teaching, literature is a preferential choice, given the tendency to stimulate reading at all levels, all the more so in high school.

Класификация и вариантност на устойчивите словосъчетания в българския език

Author(s): Vanya Zidarova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2024

Fixed expressions comprise a large, specific and diverse group of linguistic units which makes them a serious theoretical and lexicographical challenge. This article offers a review of the existing classifications. There is also a new model proposed – one which distinguishes between a core and a periphery. Manifestations of structural variability are also considered in two directions: in language and in speech. The observations are based on the corpus in one of the Bulgarian phraseological dictionaries.

TARIAMAI FINOUGRIŠKOS KILMĖS LIETUVOS VANDENVARDŽIAI

Author(s): Simonas Noreikis / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 90/2024

The study aims to verify the Finno-Ugric etymology of 40 Lithuanian hydronyms suggested by Aleksandras Vanagas and other linguists comparing them to Finno-Ugric appellatives and proper names that sound similar. However, such a comparison is not suitable as the supposed contacts took place 4000 yers ago when Baltic and Finno-Ugric languages had different phonological structures. Therefore, there was made historical-phonological reconstruction of the compared forms and scrutinised if the Lithuanian form could have been developed from the reconstructed Finnou-Ugric form. If the answer was negative, then the Finno-Ugric etymology was rejectable. It was also verified if the Finno-Ugric appellative to which a Lithuanian hydronym was compared was used in Finno-Ugric toponym formation. In case of a negative answer the Finno-Ugric etymology was rejectable. Finally, the etymology of the compared Finno-Ugric appellative was verified and in some cases it appeared that they were loanwords from other languages borrowed later than the supposed contacts between Balts and Finno-Ugrians took place in Lithuania. After investigating the suggested etymologies it appeared that all of them were wrong. According to recent archaeological data it can be claimed that there cannot be Finno-Ugric substrate in Lithuania from the Stone Age. Nevertheless, it is not excluded that in Lithuania there could be Finno-Ugric (VoticKreevin) proper names, which the author of the article is looking for in his PhD studies.

Etymology and development of semantics of ‘Angel’ and ‘Demon’ in English, Dutch, and Ukrainian: a comparative study

Author(s): Nataliya Lemish,Oksana Kaliberda,Olena Kryzhko,Iryna Ovchynnikova / Language(s): English Issue: 45/2024

The paper deals with a dichotomy of an angel and a demon as opposed creatures that embody the good and the evil in various cultures. An interdisciplinary overview of angels and demons outlines their roles and significance in philosophy, literature, religion, and arts. Common and particular ways of ‘angel’ and ‘demon’ reflection in English, Dutch, and Ukrainian are identified with three types of linguistic analysis: etymological, componential, and that of dictionary definitions. Thus, the paper gives the results of an etymological analysis for the two key lexemes based on English (‘angel’, ‘demon’), Dutch (‘engel’, ‘demon’), and Ukrainian (‘ангел’, ‘демон’) etymological dictionary entries followed by comparison and contrast and identification of both isomorphic and allomorphic features. It also provides the semantic changes in the meanings of ‘angel’ and ‘demon’ in three languages under study. The dictionary interpretations for the studied lexemes are added to present the ideas/images of angels and demons reflected in the consciousness of the English, Dutch, and Ukrainians. In fact, the obtained data enable readers to witness similarities and differences in perception, conceptualisation and categorisation of the good (embodied by angels) and the evil (embodied by demons) by speakers of different languages. This can both contribute to improved dictionary definitions and facilitate intercultural communication making it more efficient in today’s globalized world.