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СУФІКСИ УКРАЇНСЬКОГО ПОХОДЖЕННЯ В АНТРОПОНІМІКОНІ ПОЛЬСЬКО-УКРАЇНСЬКОГО ПРИКОРДОННЯ

Author(s): Marta Abuzarowa / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 4/2016

The article analyzes surname suffixes of Ukrainian origin, present in Polish anthroponymy of Polish-Ukrainian borderlands. Linguists are particularly interested in Polish-Ukrainian borderlands because here Polish culture along with the Polish language has been affected by the local Ruthenian (Ukrainian) culture and language. Therefore, Polish- Ukrainian interference is reflected in the phonetic and morphological structure of analyzed anthroponyms.

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ФОНЕТИЧНА ТЕРМІНОЛОГІЯ В УКРАЇНСЬКИХ ГРАМАТИКАХ ХІХ – ПОЧ. ХХ СТ.

Author(s): Iryna Kozelko / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 4/2016

The article deals with phonetic terms detected in grammars of the 20s – 30s of the XXth century. They can determine the continuity of traditional formation of modern phonetic terms in the development of science.

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Die Lotka-Volterra-Regeln, der Lautwandel und andere Gedanken

Author(s): Hermann Bluhme / Language(s): German Issue: 24/2015

The Lotka Volterra Laws, apply to biological facts including chaotic systems. As such they also apply to sound change which is influenced by several articulatory (analogue) and auditory (digital) parameters; therefore sound change is predictable only to a very limited extent and can even seem chaotic. The same shortcoming is apparent in many human activities ranging from civilizations, history and economics to politics.

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/fɑɪs/, /fes/ or /feɪs/? Teachers’ phonetic accommodation of diphthongs in an L2 classroom setting

Author(s): Piotr Steinbrich / Language(s): English Issue: 11/2016

The following paper aims to investigate whether, and if so to what extent, native speaker teachers resort to phonetic accommodation in the use of diphthongs in the classroom setting. In the course of analysis, seven native speaker teachers, each representing a different variety of British English, were recorded in two distinct contexts: classroom and natural. The recordings were used in acoustic analysis in order to gauge potential differences in F1 and F2 in each context. It was concluded that phonetic accommodation does occur in the classroom setting and the modifications of either individual segments or the whole glides can be observed, irrespective of the native accent of the user. It was found, however, that the speakers representing northern varieties of English accommodate more than those speaking with other accents. Another important observation resulting from the analysis was that some diphthongs are likely to undergo phonetic accommodation more than others. On the one end of the cline we observe the diphthong price, whereas the other end is occupied by the glides goat and cure. It is still unclear, however, whether the modifications occur consciously, thus representing a rather developed declarative knowledge of the users, or subconsciously, which would suggest an inner need to attempt to pronounce diphthongs in a standardized way.

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RUKOPISI TEDŽVIDA U GAZI HUSREV-BEGOVOJ MEDRESI

Author(s): Safet Husejnović / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 14/2016

Since the time of the Last Revelation the first Muslims dedicated much attention to the correct recitation of the Qur’an. The Prophet of Allah, Muhammad, peace be upon him, personally used to send the Qur’an reciters to some provinces with the task to teach others the correct recitation of the Qur’an. With respect to this, tajweed is a scientific discipline that studies the phonetics of the Qur’an. Since the advent of Islam up to the present days scientific Muslim circles all around the world have properly understood the importance of this discipline. This resulted in extensive literature almost in all languages, spoken by numerous Muslim nations. We are also among them, since a few manuscripts and textbooks from this field have been published in our language. Unfortunately, some of the manuscripts have disappeared, while some have never been found and examined. In this paper we study and analyze several tajweed manuscripts which can be found in the Gazi Husrev-bey Madrasah in Sarajevo.

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PRAVOPIS PRVOG IZDANJA ROMANA ZELENO BUSENJE EDHEMA MULABDIĆA

Author(s): Vedad Mulavdić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 1-2/2016

Paper describes the orthography of the first edition of Edhem Mulabdic’s novel “Zeleno busenje”(Green turf). This is a canonical novel of the bosniak’s literature history in the Austro-Hungarian period, and its orthographical characteristics have been compared with the Grammar of the Bosnian language in 1890, as well as with the Ivan Broz’s Croatian orthography in 1893.Those were two valid normative manuals of that period in the place of the novel origin and in the place of the novel publication. The fact that this edition was published in Zagreb at the moment of the final acceptance of the phonetic orthography is particularly emphasized in this paper. Orthography of the novel follows sometimes the solutions of the one and sometimes of the other one manual, depending on the observed language characteristics. However, it is important to say that language expression shows the tendencies of the equalization in a view of the language standardization processes of that period, while keeping the uniqueness of the Bosnian language.

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Fonološka vještina kao determinanta definiranja i interpretacije fonološkog poremećaja

Author(s): Neda Milošević,Mile Vuković / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 2/2016

This study gives an overview of different approaches to defining and analyzing the development of phonological abilities for the purpose of determining and understanding the nature of developmental phonological disorders. Earlier studies have observed developmental phonological disorders from the aspect of how linguistics understands phonology. However, some newer studies show that the focus has now shifted to overall linguistic behavior and linguistic functioning. The purpose of this study was to make a conceptual framework for both phonological abilities and disorders, based on considerations about the development of linguistic and psycholinguistic theories. Key elements for defining a phonological ability and detecting a phonological disorder have been outlined. The study ends with the conclusion that the two main determinants for recognizing and defining a phonological disorder in children are the perception of the notion of phonological ability and knowledge about the main and specific characteristics of phonological subsystems.

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Do they understand more? Turkish EFL speakers perception of sentence stress in English

Author(s): Anita Buczek-Zawiła / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2016

As one of the most prominent elements of intonation sentence stress frequently contributes to the meaning expressed by speakers. It most typically signals details of an utterance information structure, but it also performs a contrastive or emphasizing function, thus expressing focus in the spoken discourse. In English and many other languages its location, while exhibiting certain regularities it additionally determined by extra relevant or relative information. As such, either alone or in combination, it may communicate certain additional shades of meaning that, similarly to the contribution of sentence intonation, may escape the attention of EFL speakers. The paper explores the comprehension sensitivity of Turkish speakers of English when it comes to identifying meaning details contributed by sentence stress. It investigates their awareness as detected through perception of variable sentence stress location. The target group is Turkish advanced speakers of English, with various levels of competence, and only sporadic phonetic training in English for part of them. In a perception-based experiment they were asked to identify the details they perceive. Their results were then compared and analyzed, also in relation to what their native language (with a distinction into sentential and focal stress) adds in terms of this module of utterance intonation. Finally, their results were correlated with those achieved by Polish advanced speakers of English as investigated in a similar study conducted earlier. The interpretation of the results reveals that Turkish EFL speakers are more sensitive to the highlighting or contrastive function of sentence stress, achieving overall better result here than when they are to judge its contribution to notion such as politeness or impatience. They are also rather competent at detecting the prominent element in an utterance.

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ФОНЕТСКИ АЛАТИ И ПРОГРАМИ У САВРЕМЕНОЈ НАСТАВИ И НАУЦИ

Author(s): Nataša A. Spasić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 58/2015

In the first part of this paper attention is focused on the life and education in the information society and the necessity of acquiring basic computer literacy and training students to use computers in their further education and future work. E-learning is a new pedagogical branch that reshape the theory and practice of teaching and learning by using computers and Internet. In the second part, we have tried to present a brief development and use of specific tools (ACTOR and CSLU) and programs (Praat and SFS) for phonetic analysis and synthesis of speech that today the most applicable. The aim of this paper was to present analytical methods of acoustic / instrumental phonetics to the students of phonetics. By following the provided steps, students will be able to analyse the recorded material independently: the segmentation of signal, the analysis of signal intensity change, duration, movement of the fundamental frequency, tone pitch of signal and amplitude.

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TOPONOMASTIKA TURSKOG PORIJEKLA I NJENA PRILAGOĐENOST U SISTEMIMA JUŽNOSLOVENSKIH JEZIKA

Author(s): Alija Džogović / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 33-34/2006

Dolaskom na Balkansko poluostrvo Osmanlije su zatekle nekolika različita jezička sistema, među kojima i grupu južnoslovenskih jezika. To su, sem mađarskog, po svojem porijeklu indoevropski jezici – flaksivni, za razliku od turskog osmanlijskog koji pripada grupi aglutinativnih jezika. Imajući u vidu ove jezičke distinkcije i specifičnosti, na Balkanu su se susrele dvije lingvističke opcije: fleksivna i aglutinativna – dva po prirodi različita gramatička sistema. Osmanlije su, u osvojenim zemljama, zatekle toponomastički fond dvojakog porijekla: prvi, naslijeđen iz najstarijih balkanskih jezičkih sistema (grčko-vizantijski, ilirsko-trački, ilirsko-keltski, romanski), uglavnom kao supstrate; i mlađi toponomastički sloj – slovenski (u likovima mikrotoponima i modifikovanih mikrotoponima).

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FONETSKO-MORFOLOŠKE KARAKTERISTIKE JEZIKA MURAT-AGE KURTAGIĆA

Author(s): Adnan Čirgić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 31-32/2005

Govor Murat-age Kurtagića (na osnovu njegovih pjesama objavljenih u zbirci "Mrtva glava jezik progovara") ulazi u sastav širega istočnocrnogorskog dijalekta. Pošto je riječ o usmenom pjevaču koji živu narodnu riječ pretače u pjesmu, proučavanje njegova govora, odnosno njegova jezika, je ujedno i proučavanje jezika kraja čiji je on, u jezičkom pogledu, izraziti predstavnik.

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Fиксни биноми у енглеском и српском: формални и садржински аспекти

Author(s): Jovana Rupar / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 6/2016

This paper deals with the formal and semantic analysis of fixed binomials in English and Serbian. On the basis of previous research the paper is based on the assumption that fixed binomials in English reflect a parallel structure on various linguistic levels: phonological, morphological and semantic. Therefore, the aim of this study is to determine whether the same tendency is characteristic for fixed binomials in Serbian. The corpus on which the research has been conducted consists of 300 fixed binomials in English and 170 fixed binomials in Serbian compiled from various monolingual phraseological dictionaries in English and Serbian. The formal analysis tries to determine the basic phonological and rhythmic characteristics of fixed binomials in two languages and the most prominent structural patterns whereas the semantic analysis explores the degree of semantic idiomatization of fixed binomials in English and Serbian and the semantic relation between the constituents of fixed binomials. The results of the analysis show that there is a high degree of similarity between fixed binomials in English and Serbian regarding their phonological, morphological and semantic aspects. Alliteration and rhyme are prominent phonological factors which serve as mnemonic devices and bring musicality and rhythm. Rhyme is present in fixed binomials in both languages, while alliteration is more productive in fixed binomials in English. In both languages the largest number of fixed binomials has the structure noun+and+noun. The highest degree of similarity is apparent in those binomials which consist of the same word that denotes body parts. Furthermore, fixed binomials which have the structure adverb+conjunction+adverb show the highest degree of similarity in form, meaning and function when compared to other structural types. Parallel morphological structure is more prominent in fixed binomials in Serbian since there is a repetition of the same conjunction within the binomial, as well as the same inflectional and derivational suffixes. The semantic analysis shows that fixed binomials in both languages follow two tendencies: they are either semantically transparent or semantically opaque. In semantically opaque fixed binomials the transfer of meaning is usually metaphorical. The analysis of the semantic relation between the fixed binomial constituents leads to the conclusion that the most common semantic relation between the constituents in both English and Serbian are synonymy, antonymy and complementarity. Partial synonyms in fixed binomials in English and Serbian form tautological constructions whose function is twofold: (1) they emphasize the meaning of the expression if the partial synonyms differ in association and (2) they specify the meaning if the partial synonyms differ in added implication.

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Н. М. Люкина, Фонетико-морфологические особенности языка лекминских и юндинских бесермян, Ижевск 2016

Author(s): Leonid M. Ivshin / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2017

Review on: Н. М. Люкина, Фонетико-морфологические особенности языка лекминских и юндинских бесермян, Ижевск 2016

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Lidhëzori « E »

Author(s): Viktor Bakillari / Language(s): Albanian Issue: 45/2015

This paper is about the connective "and" in the process of communication in two languages: French and Albanian. It is, more or less, an exhaustive study. Its characteristics and uses in different situations are given at the beginning of the paper. The illustrative examples are translated in Albanian or French languages, as appropriate. The focus of the examples is the French connective "et" (Albanian "e", "dhe", "edhe"). This connective shows that a little is known of "small" words. Lastly, we can say that this connective is used immensely along the process of communication.

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Plurilingue et francophone : le Roumain Vintilă Horia

Author(s): Alina T. Costin / Language(s): French Issue: 5/2013

What is writing in French, joining the open space of the Francophony? We shall not see this choice as a destiny, although those involved might like to call it so. We’ll imagine it as a mutation concerning the individual as a whole. As writing becomes a new way of life, the language is the expression of this profound and surprising way of being the same while becoming another. And what if writing in French is not necessarily being a francophone as a member of that respective community? Vintilă Horia and his controversial position might help us see beyond the usual interpretation.

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Nicolae Şerban, biographe de Pierre Loti. Un moment du dialogue franco-roumain

Author(s): Alain Quella-Villéger / Language(s): French Issue: 6/2014

French writer Pierre Loti (1850-1923) went twice to Romania, invited by Queen Elizabeth (Carmen Sylva), in 1887 and 1890. She translated his novel Pêcheur d’Islande in German and, thanks to Loti, her Pensées d’une reine was published in France. The year she died, in 1916, a young Romanian Ph. D. professor, read Pierre Loti’s works on the war front and he became his first biographer.

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W kierunku dwujęzyczności w edukacji wczesnoszkolnej – problemy nauczania czytania w języku obcym na przykładzie języka angielskiego

Author(s): Monika Kusiak-Pisowacka / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1 (36)/2017

The article focuses on developing reading by Polish young learners of English as a foreign language. The discussion is conducted within a psycholinguistic componential perspective, which allows for a detailed analysis of various components that constitute the reading skill. Most attention is given to phonological awareness at the decoding stage of reading and its role in beginning reading. First, the author deals with syntactic and orthographic differences between reading in English and reading in Polish. The results of several cross-linguistic studies are presented to illustrate the importance of inter-lingual differences in reading in a foreign language. Then the article reports on the analysis of five coursebooks of English for Polish young learners. The study aimed to investigate how each of the coursebooks develops the reading skill. The analysis looked at the methods of teaching reading, types of reading tasks, the explicitness of phonological instruction, presentation of letter-sound correspondences and the development of other reading-related abilities. The results of the study revealed that the coursebooks differ in the way they teach beginning reading, raising important questions of both didactic and theoretical nature.

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GRAMATIČKO-STILISTIČKE OSOBINE DOVE U KUR’ANU

Author(s): Mustafa Jahić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 68/2016

Sentences by which we express a supplication to Allah are often given, for the sake of achieving stylistically more effective expression as well as for some additional meaning, in the form in which the inner structure of the sentence differs from its common structure. This is most often achieved through the change of the order of the words (taqdīm wa ta’ẖīr), corroboration (ta’kīd) of words, phrase or all of the sentence, or by elision of a part of the sentence (ḥaḏf), use of words in determined or undetermined mode (ta‘rīf wa tankīr), restriction (qaṣr), concision (īğāz) and finally prolixity (iṭnāb) in expression. Besides, supplication sentences as such have particular grammatical and stylistic features of their own expressed by a manner in which they line up to form a longer supplication, that may be without conjunction (fasl) or with conjunction wa (wasl). These syntactic and semantic features that are referred to as grammatical styles (asālīb naḥwiyya) as well are also characteristics of the language of the Qur’an as they appear in the Qur’anic supplications. Thus the main meaning of the expression is preserved, style is more effective and the du’a is better understood. This article relates primarily about these grammatical and stylistic features as a particular inner characteristics of the Qur’anic du’a as a specific kind of supplication.

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Lucan’s Use of Alliteration

Author(s): Joanna Pypłacz / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2016

The present article gives a rough outline of Lucan’s use of alliteration by attempting to discover the most important functions of this particular rhetorical device in his epic. For the sake of clarity, the instances of alliteration that are found in the epic are divided into three groups: ‘pure’ (of one and the same consonant), ‘mixed’ (of two or more consonants) and ‘combined’ (accompanied by other rhetorical devices). Lucan’s use of alliteration is shown to extend far beyond the achievement of an instantaneous sound effect at the level of a single line or even a single passage. In several cases, alliteration is used as a means of association in order to allow the poet to connect passages that seemingly have nothing in common. This in turn leads to the conclusion that Lucan’s compositional scheme – based on allusions and association – is present even at the level of the phoneme.

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Kapalı e (e) Sesi Bağlamında Eski Anadolu Türkçesi-Anadolu Ağızları Ilişkisi

Author(s): Münteha Gül,Mehmet Dursun Erdem / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 11/2006

Authors of this article analyse the problem 'of closed /e/ ("e"), the famous 9th vocale, much discussed among turkologists, and tries to show state of this vocale in Anatolian dialects. Results of the survey on Anatolian dialects indicated hundreds of words with the vocale "e", and their indices were prepared in terms of regions. Results of this detailed survey pointed to some facts on regional connections among the current Anatolian dialects, and historical relationships with the Old Anatolian Turkish.

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