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The God of Jankélévitch is creative energy, eternal acting goodness and love, but it is not a person and does not personally know its creations. It does not rule, does not enter a covenant, does not bring redemption at the cost of its own heartbreak, does not judge sins and does not forgive them, does not speak, does not give commandments, does not conquer death, does not resurrect the dead, and does not offer eternal life.
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Based on archival materials, published sources, press and periodicals, as well as relevant literature, the paper discusses constitutional status of religious communities in Bosnia and Herzegovina in the period 1945-1992, as a basis for the periodization of the history of the Islamic Community in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
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The article presents a report on the relations between the three main religious groups of Gdańsk: Lutherans, Catholics and Calvinists in the period of the first three centuries after the proclamation of Martin Luther’s theses in Wittenberg (1517). The report includesthe periods of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (until 1793), Napoleonic epoch (1807-1814) and first years of the Prussian partition (until 1817). At that time the Lutherans were the dominant religious group in Gdańsk, but they failed to take the total control of the city. The Catholics lost their precedence soon after the Reformation, but they increased their number until the beginning of the 19th century and strengthened social and cultural influences at that time. The Calvinists were the biggest losers in that confrontation, because they didnot manage to dominate the city (at the turn of 16th and 17th centuries), lost believers and finally were subordinated to the Lutherans within the Evangelical Union (1817). The religions under discussion sometimes formed alliances, but it was not always the alliance between both groups of Protestants. Especially during the expansion of Calvinism in the city, the Lutherans looked for help from the Catholics and sometimes the latter provided them a real support.
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The main goal of the present paper is to assess the 30 years of the functioning of the Italian system of financing the Catholic Church, also utilized at present by other religious organizations. On the basis of the available data, the Author reaches the conclusion that the solutions making up the system – despite some reservations – have contributed significantly not only to the creation of the appropriate conditions for the realization of religious freedom, but also – for example – to the democratization of the tax system. They have allowed the Church to undertake many important initiatives of social, protective or cultural character for the benefit of Italian society and the populations of the Third World. Without doubt, the experiences described can be regarded in terms of sound cooperation (sana cooperatio), which was recommended by the Second Vatican Council and to which both, the Italian Republic and the Holy See, commited themselves in the Agreement of 1984. However, the analysed system of financing requires permanent promotion, taking into consideration the image of the Church as a community whose members – equal in dignity – share the responsability for the common good.
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The article analyzes the strategy of the survival of Orthodox Christians and members of the religious organization “Jehovah’s Witnesses” under the conditions of persecution by the Stalinist and Nazi regime.
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The paper presents an analysis of the saga about Zahide Bacı, the legacy from the Sufi folklore which remained preserved as a part of the cultural and historical heritage of Ottoman Niš. The saga abounds with the leitmotifs from the legends and the parables of the holy people in Islam whose cults were honored as part of the popular religious tradition not only in the Ottoman Empire, but also in other Muslim countries. Through comparative insight into similar sagas, these leitmotifs are identified and their origins analyzed. In that way, we got better insight in the opus of syncretic elements taken over in this saga from the cultures and religions of the Near and Far East.
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Book review of: Yazid Said, Lejla Demiri (eds.), The Future of Interfaith Dialogue. Muslim-Christian Encounters through A Common Word, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2018, 288 p.
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Catastrophism is a concept often used in Polish historical-literary discourse, but the frequency of the occurrence of this term does not go hand in hand with its precision. The article is an attempt to disambiguate it (following the concept of Edward Balcerzan) as a term meaning strictly poetic convention rather than a ‘view’ or ‘world-view attitude.’ The paper is also an attempt to determine the time frame of catastrophism in modern Polish poetry with culmination between 1930 and 1943, ordering its variations due to: the type and extent of catastrophic ‘fantasies,’ the consequences of the catastrophe, and temporal construction. This ordered phenomenon presents itself as an important part of modern Polish poetry, which, together with other aesthetics, marks the moment of the solstice in the middle of the 20th century. A separate issue is the problem of the presence of poetic catastrophe in post-war poetry up to the present times. Researchers using the term ‘poetic catastrophe’ in relation to contemporary poetic phenomena treat it very freely. The confrontation of works considered by them as catastrophic with the convention of catastrophic poetics indicates that there are free connections rather than a simple continuation of the pattern. Such references can be found in the late works of Czeslaw Milosz and Jerzy Zagorski, in the works of Tadeusz Rozewicz, Zbigniew Herbert, Rafal Wojaczek, poets of Nowa Fala, Bronislaw Maj, Jan Polkowski, and Marcin Swietlicki. The poems of the latter question the sense of using the catastrophic convention in the face of mental changes taking place in the post-modern world.
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The present paper raises the issue of social insurance for the clergy in the Catholic Church. The first part provides the historical background, norms of the 1917 Code of Canon Law and indications of the Second Vatican Council. The next part discusses the current decrees of canon law and solutions adopted in Poland. At present, the Church has abandoned the beneficial system. Systemic church solutions are based on state legislation. In their absence, decisions are made by the Bishops’ Conference, as well as individual particular Churches. It refers both to social and health insurance.
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The Burney relief is an unparalleled Mesopotamian relic of the British Museum. The female figure depicted on it cannot be identified assuredly because of its diversified iconography and unique way of portrayal. There are three candidates as to who could be the so-called ‘Queen of the Night’: the goddess Ishtar, her sister Ereskigal or Lilith, a known succubus demon. This paper focuses on Lilith and her origins, and presents the arguments others wrote for and against her presence on the relief. The final chapter offer evidences that Lilith cannot be the ‘Queen of the Night.’
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The piece in the title, dated back in 1850, was a milestone. It is not only the first and most significant organ piece of Liszt, but also one of those pieces which every organist has to deal with sooner or later, and for the interpretation, they have to ask and answer many questions. For this study, the first edition, published in 1852 and available online, provides many references, while the manuscript is difficult to access. It is no coincidence that, at the hundredth anniversary of Bach’s death, Liszt began to write a large-scale organ piece to worship the art of the great composer. It may also be intentional to date the completion of the piece on the Remembrance Day of the Reformation. Both the inevitability of the composition, and the Protestant aspects, and not lastly, the personal commitment of Professor István Dávid to the piece, prompt me to try to find answers to some of the basic questions of this grandiose piece, and publish them – without the need of completeness – in the book to be published in honour of him.
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2019 is the Year of unity in the Hungarian Reformed Church since 10 years ago, when the Hungarian Reformed Churches on 22 May expressed their unity by accepting a common constitution. In the era of Reformation, in the 16th century the young reformed church of the Hungarian territories was divided in three parts. The Western region was brought under the rule of the Habsburg Empire, in the Eastern territory the independent Principality of Transylvania emerged and the biggest “third” of the former kingdom, the part in the middle was conquered by the Ottomans. The first common organizational structure for the whole Hungarian Reformed Church was possible only in 19th century, following the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867. The developing of the first constitution was finished in 1881, in Debrecen. After the two World Wars the Hungarian Reformed people lived not only in Hungary, but with a sudden political move they were citizens of Austria, Slovakia, Romania, Ukraine, Serbia, Croatia and Slovenia. In the latter century there have arisen significant Hungarian Reformed communities also in distant lands, not only in the traditionally Hungarian region. The Consultative Convent prepared a common liturgy and hymnal beyond the harmonization of reformed church law, which is a considerable result for the songs are important factors of unity.The disgregation / fragmentation is an old problem of humanity and of Christianity. The alternative is the koinonia, the true communion with God and with fellows. This study has its purpose in seeking possibilities to realize unity between people, the fellows in Jesus Christ.
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Tko je Michel Houellebecq? Čovjek koji zavidi mladim proleterima koji su mu iz okrutnosti kamionom ubili korgija no koji sam ne može ubiti pticu za ručak. Odgovor nije pogrešan. Ponudit ću ipak nešto opsežniji. Houellebecq je čovjek koji od depresije, alkoholičarskih povraćanja i ironiziranja vlastitih seksualnih neuspjeha, završava u istini svojih propalih ljubavi da bi našao Ljubav. Baš tako patetično pisanu, velikim početnim slovom. Houellebecq je deklarirani nevjernik koji u konačnici, tek s malim zrnom soli, nudi neuvijene kristološke alegorije. Pretočen u njegovo pisanje, svijet mu nudi božanske znakove koje, sasvim u skladu sa žanrom negativne teologije, ne može takvima priznati. Barem ne ispočetka. Na kraju mu se pak čini da o tim znakovima treba biti izričit. [...]
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The criticism against the absolute validity of the assertion quantum intendis, tantum facis is an integral component of Aquinas’ doctrine of moral intention. This paper aims to investigate this criticism within the domain of sinful actions according to Aquinas’ division of sins. The quantum-tantum assertion is only valid regarding the mortal sins directly against God, which do not involve any effect of sensual suffering according to their species, whereas these kinds of sins cannot bear any degree of gravity: the loss of the connection with God is radical. Meanwhile, the mortal sins with sensual suffering as effect and the venial sins as the corresponding imperfect form do not follow the assertion and possess varied degrees of gravity: their sinful gravity depends not only on the intentional action, but on the corresponding realization. The fact that, among sins, the validity of the quantum-tantum assertion varies because of the sins’ relation to sensual effect indicates that sinful action, with or without a sensual effect, is involved in the species of sinful acts.
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Kako »govoriti religiju« ? O religiji? Napose o određenoj religiji, danas? Kako se usuditi o njoj govoriti napose bez straha i drhtanja na ovaj dan? I tako malo i tako brzo ? Tko bi to mogao biti bestidan pa pretendirati na to da je tu posrijedi tema koja je istodobno i prepoznatljiva i nova? Tko bi mogao biti toliko tašt da na temelju nje sroči kakav aforizam ? Da bi se imalo hrabrosti, arogancije ili prijeko potrebne vedrine, možda je učas potrebno pretpostaviti časovitu apstrakciju, apstrakciju svega, ili gotovo svega, stanovitu apstrakciju. Možda valja krenuti od najkonkretnijeg i najpristupačnijeg, no isto tako i od onoga najnapuštenijeg apstrakcije. [...]
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The article is an introduction to the problems of Medieval Slavic translation of Proverbs of Solomon and contains an edition of the text according to one of its witnesses, held in the State Historical Museum in Moscow, collection of Petr I. Ščukin no. 507.
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The present study deals with the genre and the narrative features of the Martyrdom of St. Barbara (Martyrium S. Barbarae) according to its translation in medieval Slavonic manuscripts. The research explores the narrative and the structural specifics of the text.
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This paper is dedicated to a text entitled A Tale of the Holy and Honourable Icons and How and Why the Holy and Catholic Church Decided to Celebrate the Feast of Orthodoxy on the First Sunday of Lent that is known in Medieval Bulgarian and Serbian manuscripts. The text was translated from Greek most probably in the fourteenth century in a Bulgarian milieu. The appearance of this translation and its dissemination in South Slavonic milieuх were viewed in the context of the establishment of the Feast of Orthodoxy and other texts designated for this feast in Byzantium.
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The author makes a diplomatic edition of the medieval Slavonic translation of the Homily on the feast of the Annunciation (ascribed to St. John of Damascus) as attested in Vladislav the Grammarian’s manuscript dated 1479 (kept in Rila Monastery, no. 4/8). She characterizes the orthography of this copy and discusses the following features of the translation: the compound words and possessive pronouns as well as the names (epithets) of the Theotokos.
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This paper discusses contacts between Rila Monastery and Zograf Monastery in the realm of musical manuscripts. It sheds light on unknown musical manuscripts produced in Rila Monastery that are now housed in the library of Zograf Monastery. Their authorship and contents are focused on. The study of thеsе manuscripts is part of research programme for cataloguing of the manuscript collections of the Athonite monastery.
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