A Szent Korona és a magyar protestantizmus

Author(s): Istvan Pasztori-Kupan / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 1/2013

The present study is occasioned by the 35th anniversary of the return of the Hungarian Holy Crown to Budapest on 5 January 1978. It takes us through the main events and historical assertions concerning the role and function of the Holy Crown within the Hungarian kingdom both as a symbol of lordship over the land and the nation as well as a token of spiritual unity. Within this context, a special place is given to the presentation of the attitude of Hungarian Protestantism towards this important relic. This overview includes assertions from Hungarian Protestants like the poet Sebestyén Tinódi Lantos; István Bocskai and Gábor Bethlen, Princes of Transylvania; Péter Révay, a guardian of the Crown, who wrote the first book about it; the poets János Arany, Ferenc Kölcsey as well as Lajos György Prohászka, philosopher and educator.

IV. Antiochos és a keleti szentélyek

Author(s): Dolores Hegyi / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 1/2010

Die hellenistischen historischen Quellen haben Antiochos IV. manchmal als einen Tempelräuber dargestellt. Die neu endeckten hellenistisch-griechischen Inschriften und die Ereignisse der Forschungen der hellenistischen babylonischen Dokumente haben zur Erklärung dieser Tradition, und zur Beleuchtung der Ursachen der Spannungen, die schon vor Antiochos’ Thronbesteigung begonnen hatten, sehr viel beigetragen. Die Ernennung der Archiereis in Kleinasien und in “Koile-Syria und Phoinike”, die auch die wirtschaftliche Tätigkeit von mehreren Heiligtümern kontrollierten, die Erhöhung der Abgaben, die Beschränkung der politischen Macht der Hohepriester in Jerusalem nach 197 v.Chr, die Rivalität der Hohepriester, die religiösen und gesellschaftlichen Probleme, die die politischen Wandlungen und der “Hellenismos” vorgerufen hatten, führten zum Wiederstand und Verweigerung des Abgabepflichtes. Unter solchen Umständen war der König manchmal gezwungen die Abgaben mit Kraft einzutreiben.

Book reviews," Astra Salvensis, VII (2019), no. 14, p. 365-381

Author(s): Iuliu-Marius Morariu,Mihai-Octavian Groza ,Silviu-Constantin Nedelcu,Mihaela Tălpaş,Victor Sămărtinean / Language(s): English,Romanian Issue: 14/2019

This section contains the book reviews published in the14th number of "Astra Salvensis" journal.

Educational Aspects in the Spiritual Autobiography of Mother Teresa of Calcutta

Author(s): Iuliu-Marius Morariu / Language(s): English Issue: 14/2019

Despite of its importance and of the multiple possible outcomes, spiritualautobiography has not been enough valorised until now by the theological, philological, philosophical orhistorical research. Conscious on this fact, we will try there to bring into attention an important workof the genre, namely the spiritual autobiography of Mother Teresa of Calcutta (1910-2003), founderof the famous Congregation of Catholic sisters, "Missionaries of Charity." Moreover, we willinvestigate there a relevant aspect not only for the style and content of her work, but also for thecontemporary society, namely the education and its role. We will try to emphasize there the multipleforms of education that can be found and to see what is the relationship between education, revelationand act according to the Catholic religious. We will also try to see the similitudes and differencesbetween the investigated text and other coming from the same or from different confessionalbackgrounds and to create, where it will be possible, bridges between spiritualties.

Attitudes and Activities of Czech Society, Churches and Religious Communities in Contemporary European Refugee Crisis

Author(s): Jiří Vogel / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2018

This paper deals with the relatively small number of refugees in the Czech Republic in comparison with other European Union countries, and it points to the exaggerated fears of the immigrants from the Middle East and Northern Africa. Then, it analyzes the attitudes of the Czech society towards the refugee crisis and the presence of the migrants in the Czech Republic, and it compares them with the attitudes of churches and religious communities. It focuses its attention not only on refugee-phobia, but also on the fear of Islam. It informs about the ways churches coped with refugee-phobia and islamophobia and about the activities which churches do for the refugees and for their integration in society. The paper also presents the current activities of interfaith dialogue in the Czech Republic and it reveals how sufficient awareness contributes to reducing the negative perception of Islam among Christian believers. It introduces also the three theological ways the Czech churches deal with the phenomenon of migration and with Islam. In the end, it tries to formulate some principles for the further work of the churches in this area.

Confucius and the Rectification of Names

Author(s): Silviu Lupaşcu / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2018

The Ch’un-ch’iu (Chunqiu) or Annals of the Spring-Autumn Period had been indited according to the textual pattern of a Court chronicle which describes the autocratic regime of the twelve dukes who governed the State of Lu from the Shan-tung (Shandong) region, a vassal-state of the Eastern Chou (Zhou) dynasty (770-256 B. C. E.), during the period 722-481 B. C. E.. The syntagm “Spring-Autumn” is a standard synecdoche which designates an entire calendarial year, or, through a semantic extension, a chronicle the textual continuity of which is structured according to the calendarial continuity of the yearly intervals which include diplomatic dialogues, political intrigues and feudal wars, in the framework of the relationships developed by the State of Lu with the neighboring states, as well as testimonies concerning eclipses, floods, earthquakes and wonders of nature.The decadence of the Chu-hsia (Zhu Xia) civilization, under the Eastern Chou (Zhou) dynasty (770-256 B. C. E.), could have been prevented only through the establishment of a new political order, conformably to the Confucianist ritual ideal, capable to mirror the celestial will in the rigors of an ascetical monarchic regime and in the necessity of the rectification of names (cheng-ming; zhengming).In spite of the fact that he defended the political-moral order of the Eastern Chou (Zhou) dynasty, Confucius traversed the experience of the disintegration of this order and of the transition towards an unknown epoch. Even if he was a loyal subject of the State of Lu, Confucius was forced to to admit that Lu “has only the name, not the substance of a great State”, and the ideal of the rectification of names (cheng-ming; zhengming) did not mold in a lasting manner the immediate historical time. The purity of the unicorn did not preserve his liberty as against the violence of the hunters, its wonderful nature did not preserve his existence as against the ignorance and brutality of human beings. The coming of the unicorn presaged, simultaneously, Confucius’ unfulfilment as a statesman, his imminent death and his investiture as an “uncrowned monarch” (su-wang; suwang).

Editorial

Author(s): Mihaela Gligor / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2019

Rola tekstów o charakterze religijnym XVIII wieku w poznaniu żywego języka ruskojęzycznej ludności dawnej Rzeczypospolitej (na materiale tekstu Bohosłowija nrawouczytelnaja, Poczajów 1751)

Author(s): Joanna Getka / Language(s): Polish Issue: XXIV/2019

The purpose of this article is to present the role of religious texts in the analysis of common language of the people of the former Commonwealth of the Two Nations. The subject of the analysis is the text Bohoslowija nrawouczytelnaja... published in the basilian’s printing house in Pochayev in 1751. Textual features of living Ukrainian language (approximation of articulation [i] and [y], hardness [t] and [d], morphological features) are common tendencies, and can be a testimony of the state of the Ukrainian language of the eighteenth century. The analysis supports the thesis of evolutionary development of Ukrainian written language.

Царские репрессии относительно грекокатолической Церкви на юго-восточной Речи Посполитой в конце XVIII века (Carskie represje wobec Cerkwi greckokatolickiej na południowo-wschodnich rubieżach Rzeczypospolitej w końcu XVIII wieku)

Author(s): Viktoria Bilyk / Language(s): Russian Issue: 26/2019

The article shows the actions taken by the Russian Empress Yekaterina II. They were aimed at excluding Greek Catholic parishes of the Ukraine from the jurisdiction of the Roman Catholic Church. They had been the part of Commonwealth of Poland and became newly-connected to Russia. It demonstrates, on the base of archival materials, the resistance of the clergy and parishioners of the Greek Catholic Church to the violent return to the Orthodox Church.

Materiały Archiwum Diecezji Koszalińsko-Kołobrzeskiej w Koszalinie dotyczące kościelnych dziejów Piły

Author(s): Tadeusz Ceynowa / Language(s): Polish Issue: 26/2019

The first sources concerning Pila (Piła) come from consistor’s acts from the mid-15th century. Initially, it belonged to the parish in Ujscie (Ujście). It became independent in the beginning of the 17th century. Until 1920, it was part of the diocese and archdiocese of Poznan (Poznań). After the end of World War I, it was included in the archbishop’s delegacy, and then a free prelature in Pila (Piła). As a result of the World War II it became part of the Gorzow (Gorzów) Church. The last reorganization of the Church in Poland in 1992 brought it inclusion in the diocese Koszalin-Kolobrzeg (Kołobrzeg). Archives for the history of Pila (Piła) until the beginning of the 20th century are available but not used enough. And documents kept in the diocesan archives in Koszalin are known and not in whole to only a few researchers. This article is to make it easier searching for the history of the Church in Pila (Piła) in the 20th century.

Dzieje Zgromadzenia Sióstr Jezusa Miłosiernego w granicach dzisiejszej metropolii szczecińsko-kamieńskiej

Author(s): Grzegorz Wejman / Language(s): Polish Issue: 26/2019

After World War II, the areas of today’s Szczecin metropolitan archdiocese (since March 25, 1992) that includes the archdiocese of Szczecin and Kamień and the dioceses of Koszalin-Kolobrzeg (Kołobrzeg) and Zielona Góra-Gorzow (Gorzów) re-organized several times. As a result, the area decreased from 44 836 km² (1945) to 37 199 km². After the war, only 54 sisters from 5 congregations remained in 16 religious houses in this area. Nowadays, there are 807 nuns in the metropolitan archdiocese. One of the many religious congregations is the Congregation of the Merciful Jesus which shares his charisma there. The congregation has enjoyed the dignity of a religious institute of pontifical right since 13 May, 2008. There are about 150 sisters who serve on both continents of America, Africa and Europe (facilities in 14 countries). There are 25 houses in Poland.However, it is strongly connected with the areas of the metropolitan diocese of Szczecin and Kamień as there is the General House in Gorzów Wielkopolski, and the Mother House in Myślibórz, These two houses, together with the church, form the Sanctuary of Divine Mercy. The Congregation has 12 religious houses in 10 places: 4 in the archdiocese of Szczecin-Kamien (Kamień), 6 in diocese of Zielona Góra-Gorzow (Gorzów) and 2 in diocese of Koszalin-Kolobrzeg (Kołobrzeg), which is one quarter of all houses. This gives good opportunities to realize its charisma – to spread the worship of God’s Mercy.

Religijne czy świeckie (polityczne) pochodzenie prawa w Mezopotamii (?)

Author(s): Edward Sienkiewicz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 26/2019

Mesopotamia, whose origins date back to prehistoric times, is considered to be the oldest civilization. In spite of many serious gaps in the research material, the scientific research suggests that there are quite surprising solutions regarding the links between law and religion. The first legal regulations in the Sumerians are connected with the development of cities and leadership, clearly set in their religious beliefs. The institution of a king, appointed in this civilization quite early, is understood as an intermediary between the divine and the human world. This does not, however, equate religion with politics, as it is evidenced by the legal regulations in Mesopotamia. The king who is a law representative is not a representative of the deity. The established norms mean that he does not treat the subordinates as coming from god. It proves the separation between the Sumerian politics and religion. They are not yet aware of the consequences of this distinction, as it is evidenced by their inconsistency in terms of sanctions. By establishing the penalty for disobedience against the law he creates, the king refers to the deity, which in this way, without being a source of law, is treated as its protection.

Ks. Roman Bartnicki, Jezus w drodze do śmierci i zmartwychwstania. Komentarz do Ewangelii Marka 8,27–16,20. Część I: Mk 8,27–13,37, Warszawa: Instytut Papieża Jana Pawła II, 2018, ISBN 978-83-65198-50-1

Author(s): Janusz Lemański / Language(s): Polish Issue: 26/2019

Marcin Majewski, Pięcioksiąg odczytany na nowo. Przesłanie autora kapłańskiego (P) i jego wpływ na powstanie Pięcioksięgu, Kraków: Uniwersytet Jana Pawła II – Wydawnictwo Naukowe, 2018, ISBN 978-83-7438-651-7

Author(s): Janusz Lemański / Language(s): Polish Issue: 26/2019

Sympozjum naukowe, 17 listopada 2018 r., aula WSD Koszalin, organizator: ks. Janusz Bujak, Wydział Teologiczny US, tytuł: Dogmat o Niepokalanym Poczęciu Najświętszej Maryi Panny w świetle objawień prywatnych

Author(s): Janusz Bujak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 26/2019

Sympozjum naukowe Patroni Najjaśniejszej Rzeczypospolitej i Pomorza w 100-lecie Odzyskania Niepodległości, Słupsk, 15 stycznia 2019 r.

Author(s): Krystyna Krawiec-Złotkowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 26/2019

HRVATSKI METROPOLITA ANTUN BAUER

Author(s): Nikola Žutić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1+2/1990

The main characteristics of Bauer’s ideological conviction can be narrowed down to consistent clericalism and anti-liberalism. Bauer promoted the ideas of the Catholic Movement and the Catholic Action, advocating the revival of catholic spirituality through the educational system, the press and new orders and congregations. He viewed ideas of „naturalism and Darwinism”, supported by bourgeois liberalism, with contempt, seeing them as earthly and subjective human products and he successfully lent an „ethnic” aspect to the Roman Catholic ideology by representing the South Slavic population as exclusive in comparison with the adherents of other confessions. Together with the Catholic bishopric, Archbishop Bauer wished to draw the Croatian and Slovenian people away from liberal „masonic” bourgeois misconceptions and to lead them to the fundamental values of „true Christian culture” . Bauer praised the Croatian people as the „bulwark of Christianity" (antemurale christianitatis) against the „schismatic” east. He considered the attack of the Austro-Hungarian Empire on Serbia in 1914 through the prism of the defense of Catholicism against Serbian „piemontism” . Having realized that the defeat of the Hapsburgs was inevitable, Bauer acquiesced to the revolutionary events of October 29th and December 1st in 1918, fearful of the expansion of liberalism from bourgeois Italy, where the anti-clerical tradition of the „Risorgimento” continued. The disappearance of orthodox Russia, however, widened the possibilities of proselytism, that is of spreading the Roman Catholic faith among the orthodox. The Kingdom of the Serbs, Croatians and Slovenians was to serve as a bridge for propagating Roman Catholic pan slavism in the orthodox east. Due to reasons mentioned above, the ideological climate in Yugoslavia would consequently lead A. Bauer to the anti-Yugoslav camp, regardless of his initial inclination towards the Yugoslav state, apparent in 1918 and 1919. Namely, due to the dominant influence of bourgeois liberalism, laical anti-clericalism would play a significant part in the political, economic and cultural life of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. Bauer, therefore, fought a „cultural battle" in the sphere of education against the state’s „irreligious” educational policy and considered the agrarian reform to be an assault on the part of the State on catholic „religious endowments”, which provided the means for the maintenance of the cultural institutions of the Church.

Ранохристиjанските базилики во Кратовскиот регион

Author(s): Jakim Donevski / Language(s): Macedonian Issue: 17/2019

In this paper, I will be presenting the early Christian basilicas in the region of Kratovo. In this region, there are five basilicas, and they are located in the western part of the region of Kratovo. Three of the basili¬cas are located in the village of Konjuh, and the other two in the villages Vakav and Filipovci. The basilicas in the archaeological site Golemo Gradiste at Konjuh village, probably the ancient city of Tranupara noted in IV century, were excavated during the last six decades. These basilicas are: large city basilica (intra muros), Cemetery basilica (extra muros) and martyrium rotunda (circular basilica). These basilicas are dated between the 4th and the 6th century. The researcher A. Keramitciev discovered the rest of the basilicas during the last century. Probably those basilicas are from the same period like the basilicas in the village of Konjuh. In this paper, the accent will be on the other two unknown basilicas, one located in the archaeological site Cukarka at Vakav village and the other at the archaeological site St. Ilija in the Filipovci village.

Eugen Bodor (1902-1983)

Author(s): Ciprian Bălăban / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1-2/2019

Eugen Bodor Pentecostal pastor was sentenced in 1961 to five years in prison after having been charged with mysticism and considered a social danger because he typed in 10 copies his composition called Bible Study on the gifts of the Holy Spirit. Apart from the criminal charges and investigation, the Securitate accepts that in his writing Eugen Bodor fully respects the profession of faith of the Pentecostal church, which was officially recognized by the communist state. Among the reasons which weighed heavily in the conviction sentence was actually a lengthy conflict with Pastor George Bradin, which at that time was president of Pentecostal Church, few anti-communist articles written between the wars and the reputation of “exploiter” that he won after some timber business and various chemicals

LEZÁRÓDÁS ÉS/VAGY FOLYTATÁS. CSOMASZ TÓTH KÁLMÁN MUNKÁSSÁGÁNAK NÉHÁNY KÉRDÉSE ÉS AZ INTERNET

Author(s): Csaba Fekete / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 2/2019

The Protestant congregations have been singing in the churches from the beginnings but not as the official part of the service. The singing style changed in the 20th century but only in the case of Latin liturgical rites. Singing and the manner of Scripture reading were not similar in the Middle Ages to the Biblical times either. During the centuries, new forms and manners of content expression were adopted by the church. The content and the form were not inseparable. The free-style and set forms of the service, reading and singing for the ministers and the congregation significantly changed. They did not completely break away from the roots, however during the centuries there were several earlier elements that were left aside.In the mid-20th century, Kálmán Csomasz Tóth (1902–1988) wished to stop the process of oblivion by inventorying the Hungarian Protestant airs dating back to the 16th century. And thus, he edited the first Hungarian handbook of this kind. In 2017, another important work by Kálmán Csomasz Tóth was published, namely the air collection known by the profession as RMDT I. It both preserves and creates values, and for this reason, it is our responsibility to preserve it and pass it on by means of today’s modern preservation techniques, namely the Internet.In his study, the author discusses the works that our generation needs to preserve even more so because it sensitively touches upon the current and future use of the Reformed book of chant.