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İbn Miskeveyh’in Nefs Anlayışı

Author(s): Ramazan Turan / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 1/2019

The purpose of this study is to examine Ibn Miskawayh's concept of soul in general terms; more specifically, to analyze the sensory and intellectual perception problems. He deals with the soul in two main lines. The soul as the basis of moral principles; as the subject of sensual and intellectual perception. These two fields can not be separated by sharp lines, however, in this study, the soul concept is studied on the basis of sensory and intellectual problems. Ibn Miskawayh follows Peripatetic philosophers and uses the word ‘soul’ for both the terrestrial region and the celestial region, in the same sense. Ibn Miskawayh's theory of soul is basically based on the Aristotelian tradition. He defines the soul must be the first actuality of a naturally organised body. Soul is the basis of life, vitality and immortality. Soul determines the hierarchical chain of existence, not matter. The soul has different powers for plants, animals and humans, but this does not contrast with the unity and integrity of the soul. Man shares some faculty with plants and animals, but he is separated from other creatures by having intelligence. The sensation, imagination and fantasy are the stages of the material perception level, in man. The mind perceives universal forms. The mind has two tendencies; towards sensation and intelligible world. The mind can only perceives the supreme intelligible forms by turning to its own self. The human soul which is able to obtain intelligible forms and independent of the body is eternal essence and its source is divine.

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Uluslararası Geçmişten Günümüze Tekirdağ’da Dinî ve Kültürel Hayat Sempozyumu, 5-7 Nisan 2019, Tekirdağ, Türkiye.

Author(s): Ali Sever / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 1/2019

International Symposium From Past to Present Religious and Cultural Life in Tekirdag, 05.04.2019, Tekirdag, Turkey.

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A „Stirring” fogalma a 14. századi The Cloud of Unknowing című műben és annak két magyar fordítási kísérlete

Author(s): Tibor Fabiny / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 3-4/2011

The practical spiritual guidebook The Cloud of Unknowing was written in the latter half of the 14th century by an anonymous English monk who counselled a young student to seek God not through knowledge but through what he speaks of as a “naked intent” and a “blind love” which the author calls “stirring.” The paper studies the shades meaning of this term which occurs more than sixty times in the mystical treatise. The author of The Cloud wrote some further treatises, one of them entitled A Pistle of Discretcioun of Stirings where he paternally warns his ‘goostly freend in God’ of the possible double provenance of stirrings. Following Richard of St. Victor, he makes the distinction of “two mights” in a man’s soul: “reason” and “affection:” “through reason we know, and through affection we feel or love.” A strikingly similar distinction is made between “the two faculties” in Jonathan Edwards’ A Treatise on Religious Affections (1746) where the American author calls the first (rational) faculty “understanding,” and the one which has to do with the inclination of the heart, “affection.” This latter faculty is translated into Hungarian as “indulat.” Our anatomy of various connotations of “stirring” is substantiated by strutinizing the modern English translation of The Cloud by Clifton Wolters (1961) and two Hungarian translations, one by László Lukács (1987) and the other by Gábor Losonci (1994). Losonci found the brilliant Hungarian word „moccanás” which best corresponds to the original “stirring.” The translator uses this almost as frequently as the original author uses “stirring.” However, at the end of the Hungarian translation of The Cloud Losonci uses “indulat” rather than “moccanás,” which is not entirely consequent to his otherwise faithful project. Nevertheless, this solution supports our thesis, namely, that “moccanás” and “indulat,” i. e. “stirring” and “affection” are ultimately one.

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Antropológia Eckhart mester misztikájában

Author(s): Ferenc Bányai / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 3-4/2011

The presupposition of the present study is that cognitive metaphors are necessary tools of rea resupposition of the present study is that cognitive metaphors are necessary tools of reasoning both in religion and philosophy and that their function is to understand ideas and theories easier. Furthermore, such metaphors are used in everyday life by laymen, not only by the clergy. In this paper, we focus on the conceptual character of In this paper, we focus on the conceptual character of metaphors in the vernacular ser- metaphors in the vernacular ser metaphors in the vernacular sermons and tractates of Eckhart, since his mystical teaching was based on cognitive metaphors. We think that the consequent use of metaphoric systems helped him to develop his markedly original philosophy and theology. When he used metaphors, his targets were the conceptual domains containing ideas on God, the human soul and the unio mystica, which Eckhart tried to explain through metaphors from a source domain referring to light, the Sun, fire and heat. By way of metaphoric expressions as “light is life and knowledge and virtue,” or “seeing is understanding,” we can identify some of his main theses. His key-metaphor, “the spark of the soul” is closely connected to his favorite themes. This “spark” in the very heart of the soul makes possible a genuine knowledge of the soul’s noble nature, enables us to conduct a righteous way of life and even to reach the union with God. This takes place when human beings liberate them- liberate themselves from themselves as mere creatures, and in this way find that which transcends them.

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„Áldott népem, Egyiptom…”

Author(s): Csaba Balogh / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 1/2012

Isaiah 19,16-25 is an intriguing text in the Old Testament with a generous view on non-Israelite nations. The open-hearted universalism of this passage is often brought in connection with the eschatological expectations of the Israelite community in the Persian or Hellenistic periods. However, a closer analysis of some particular details of this text (vv. 18, 19 and 23) reveals that the picture of the future in Isa 19,16-25 is more deeply rooted in (pre-exilic) history than previously thought. This view of the future, expressed in thoroughly historical terms, shows profound awareness of the Assyrian view of the world. YHWH, the God of Israel, exerts his dominion in an indirect manner, by means of the great power of the prophet’s era, Assyria, the creation of YHWH’s hands (v. 25), to whom Egypt with all other nations is subdued (v. 23). The text has close connections with the history of the 7th century B.C., especially the era of King Manasseh of Judah, who—to believe the testimony of non-biblical texts—was actively engaged in shaping the co-ordinates and defining the power zones of a world under Assyrian control.

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Objekte ballkanike të kultit fetar në internet dhe në mediat sociale

Author(s): Aleksandra DUGUSHINA / Language(s): Albanian Issue: 37.2/2018

The paper will represent the influence of the Internet and social media on transformation of the Balkan traditional cult places such as natural, religious and constructing objects. Special examples will show how social media changed some sacral points from the local pilgrimage to the regional and world.

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Ki a főpap: Ábrahám vagy Jézus?

Author(s): Károly Dániel Dobos / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 1/2015

This paper presents a case study of the emerging new paradigm describing the ‘parting of the ways’ between the evolving Jewish and Christian centers (later called ‘orthodoxies’) as a slow evolution process. The point of departure for my analysis is a short passage in Genesis Rabbah, a well-known narrative Midrash, edited in Palestine in the 4th/5th century CE. The short text sample aims to characterise Abraham, the legendary founding father of the Jewish community, as a legitimate heir of Melchizedek, a mythical figure of the Hebrew Bible and at the same time the symbolic representative of the eternal priesthood. In this paper, I try to demonstrate that in order to fully appreciate the encoded message of the rabbis in Genesis Rabbah we have to contextualise the text in the history of Late Antique Jewish-Christian polemical encounters. In my analysis, the rabbis’ effort to present Abraham as a legitimate High Priest of Israel is best characterised as a covert response to the earlier Christian demand, articulated first in the Epistle to the Hebrews, to introduce Jesus as a new and legitimate representative of the priesthood, whose redemptive death on the cross once and for all eliminated the need for sacrifices.

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Hitvalló Szt. Maximos kora

Author(s): Miklós Vassányi / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 1/2016

In this article the author tries to offer a synthetic view of what may be labelled as “Maximus’s age,” that is, approximately of the first two thirds of the seventh-century in Byzantium. Several different historical sources are first listed and analysed in order of their historical reliability with respect to Maximus’s life and work. In a second approach, their content is presented in order that a relatively full picture may be gained of the general historical, ecclesiastic and religious tendencies of this very troubled time, which, among many other things, saw the almost deadly Persian invasion into the Empire, and the rise of Islam. This vista is offered in view of two other studies to come, which shall deal with Maximus’s life story and the reconstruction of his vast oeuvre. In the present text it is argued that without this historical context, the determinative events in Maximus’s life cannot be understood, and that certain strands in his theology are also closely linked up with the difficult circumstances of the Church, just like his tragic fate.

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Feltárás az el-Hoha domb déli oldalán a TT 184 számú sír (Nefermenu) körzetében – 2014

Author(s): Zoltán Imre Fábián / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 2/2016

Report on the 2014 season of the Hungarian Archaeological Mission working in the upper section of the el-Khokha hillock: excavation in the rock cut forecourt of TT 184 (Nefermenu, Dynasty 19), the forecourt of TT 412 (Qen-Amun, Dynasty 18), and the secondary, TIP (?) shaft tomb in TT 185 (Seny-iqer, late Old Kingdom), with the necessary reconstruction and restoring activities of the monuments and epigraphic documentation of the wall decoration.

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Formacja patriotyczna żołnierzy Polskich Sił Powietrznych na Zachodzie (1939-1945)

Author(s): Józef Łupiński / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2018

All of the chaplains of the Polish Air Force in the West during World War II were Roman Catholic priests. They were delegated to the pastoral ministry of soldiers serving in air units in RAF bases, assigned to a given pastoral area. Their duties included: celebrating Sunday Masses, administration of sacraments (Baptism, Matrimony), visiting the sick and wounded in hospitals, celebrating funerals, as well as hearing confessions, everything connected with the spiritual care and support for the air force soldiers. The chaplains served Poles who fought far from their families, often without any news about them since the beginning of the war. Even if contact with their families could be established, the soldiers remained concerned and uncertain about the future of their relatives living under the German and Russian occupation. The chaplains had to make efforts to keep up the morale in the ranks. They played a significant role not only in the spiritual and religious formation of soldiers but also their patriotic formation. The purpose of this formation was to shape in them not only the mature attitude of Christian soldiers, but also a deep love for their Homeland (patriotism).

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Degradacja życia religijno-moralnego jako zagrożenie ładu społeczno-cywilizacyjnego

Author(s): Józef Zabielski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2018

As a personal being, man needs contact with other people in order to fully and properly flourish both personally and socially. This imperative impels man to go “beyond” others and to seek contact with a Transcendental Being, meaning God. Contact with God gives man a sense of safety that enables him to come to know the norms of behavior that stabilize human existence and make proper interpersonal relationships possible. In contemporary society, however, man has departed from this concept, he lives “without God,” and is no longer “open to God.” Religious and moral indifferentism, or living “as if God does not exist,” is a manifestation of such an attitude. When treated as the highest value, materialism becomes the axiological orientation of human existence, which results in the degradation of religious and moral life and threatens social and civic order. This article examines this issue by focusing on two dimensions: 1) the degradation of religious and moral life as a contemporary phenomenon, and 2) the threat to social and civic order that results from religious and moral indifferentism.

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SPRAWOZDANIA

Author(s): Marcin Nowicki / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2019

1. SPRAWOZDANIE Z DZIAŁALNOŚCI WYŻSZEGO SEMINARIUMDUCHOWNEGO TOWARZYSTWA SALEZJAŃSKIEGO W KRAKOWIEW ROKU SEMINARYJNYM 2017/2018 2. SPRAWOZDANIE Z DZIAŁALNOŚCI WYŻSZEGO SEMINARIUMDUCHOWNEGO TOWARZYSTWA SALEZJAŃSKIEGO W LĄDZIE NAD WARTĄW ROKU SEMINARYJNYM 2017/2018 Reports by: Marcin Nowicki

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PRZYKŁADY REALIZACJI IDEI TEATRALNYCH ŚWIĘTEGO JANA BOSKO W POLSCE NA POCZĄTKU XXI WIEKU

Author(s): Mariusz Lach / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2018

Since the beginning of their foundation, the Salesians have placed great emphasis on educating young people by developing their passions and interests. The theater has always been present in Salesian work. Today, there are still groups that put emphasis on this form of education. This refers to schools, oratories or student theaters. It is noteworthy that, despite the socio-cultural changes, there are passionate people who can help other people develop their skills and spirituality.

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CHRYSTUS NA GÓRZE OLIWNEJ OP. 85 LUDWIGA VAN BEETHOVENA. PRÓBA INTROSPEKCJI (CZĘŚĆ II)

Author(s): Marek Dudek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2018

Ludvig van Beethoven, well-known in musical circles mainly due to his instrumental achievements, was indeed vividly interested in vocal-instrumental compositions. The focal point of his studies on the works of his predecessors, i.e. baroque and classicism masters, was the interrelation between the text and the score. The first Klangrede study was the oratorio entitled Christ on the Mount of Olives, Op.85, the libretto by F.X. Huber. However, neither the Vienna audience nor the composer himself were contented with it. Thorough changes (in 1804 and 1811) resulted in implementing numerous elements from the Fidelio opera but the work still remained unsatisfying.

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A szabadság elvesztése a szocializmusban – a három kísértés problematikája Bergyajevnél

Author(s): Anna Aliz Pokorni / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 2/2019

The story of The Grand Inquisitor is where, according to Berdyaev, the idea of a government that aims to replace religion starts to take shape. Th ose in power claim that only they hold the key to true happiness. However, their tutelage over the citizens is combined with a sense of superiority. In exchange for the care they provide, they expect individuals to abandon their freedom, although the happiness off ered in return is a childish one: without freedom, individuals lose all that defines them. A government that advertises obligatory and compulsory happiness for everyone in fact promotes the rejection of personality and freedom. To Berdyaev, socialism is realised through the activity of countless petty inquisitors, and through the acceptance of the three temptations and their consequences.

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Romuald Traugutt – przykład patriotycznej postawy w kazaniu bł. ks. Jerzego Popiełuszki z Mszy św. za Ojczyznę 29 stycznia 1984 roku

Author(s): Grzegorz Kamil Szczecina / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2019

The sermons which Bl. Fr. Jerzy Popiełuszko preached in the course of his famous Masses for the Homeland (1982-1984) were devoted to many subjects. They mainly concerned the timeless values for man and society (truth, freedom, justice, solidarity, bravery, love). The presented topics also addressed current national, historical and patriotic subjects. Anniversaries were a special opportunities to do so. At the Żoliborski Church of St. Stanisław Kostka, where the blessed priest ministered, anniversaries of the January Uprising were being celebrated in a special way. It was commemorated in patriotic services. At the Mass for the homeland on January 29, 1984, the Warsaw preacher pointed to the dictator and leader of the uprising, Romuald Traugutt. His attitude of love for the homeland and personality traits were presented as contemporary ways to uphold patriotism and sacrificing oneself for Poland. The heroic conduct of the leader of the January Uprising served the blessed priest in portraying the road to the freedom for man and the Homeland and achieving the Christian vocation.

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Homo Religiosus or Homo Consumptor? Consumer and Religious Practices of Men Born in the 90s

Author(s): Helena Piecuch / Language(s): English Issue: 3 (235)/2018

The goal of this paper is to examine if there is a relation between the religious practices and the consumption practices of men aged 18–30. The author derives her assumptions from the theory of cult brands and their religious-like background which were described i.a. by Benjamin R. Barber, Martin Lindstrom, Matthew W. Ragas and Bolivar J. Bueno. Due to the previous research the author formed a hypothesis that men who left their hometown are prone to quit their religious practices and engage in consumption practices, i.e. regular and structured activity subject to consuming non-FMCG goods. The author decided to conduct 20 in-depth interviews with men from the specified age group. The questions of the interview concerned the influence of advertising messages on interlocutors’ brand awareness. The results of the research were ambiguous however they showed the existence of the dependence between religious and consumption practices. The article formulates questions for further research.

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Kratko uvođenje u ateizam

Author(s): Željko Škuljević / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 24/2015

As in most other things without ancient Greeks it is not possible to introduce atheism or to reflect on atheism. Although some researches the burning of Protagoras’ writing On the Gods consider as the first known example of the so-called “intellectual inquisition” that does not determine a Greek man neither Greek gods. Unlike the Christian God who can be “unfair and cruel” the Greek gods have a human form and they amicably mix with mortals. Even when angry they are not inexorable, if suprahuman they are not monstrous. Parables related to Greek gods depict them as good-natured and sociable. In spite of some exceptions “it seemed to be the belief of mild and reasonable people who conscientiously, by performing religious ceremonies, respected their ancestors without dark fanaticism…” When Arthur Schopenhauer says that faith is not for philosophers that does not annihilate the possibilities for philosophical and theological dialogue. Unlike farming dogmatic “flowers” philosophy is moving in “only the realm of what can be known..”

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Eethos i „Blonde Bestie“. Aporetika Ničeove kritike morala

Author(s): Milenko Perović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 15/2011

This paper’s intention is to critically interpret Nietzsche’s critique of moral. The author initially analyzes the meaning of Nietzsche’s main “ethical” notions: die Moral, die Moralität, die Sitte and die Sittlichkeit. The analysis reveals that those notions are not free of contradictions in their philosophical and ethical foundation. It is shown that Nietzsche’s critique of moral does not apply to the moral phenomenon itself, but to customs, social conventions and conformism instead. That is the contradiction in Nietzsche’s critique of moral. The author thus extends the contradiction in question to the whole of Nietzsche’s philosophy, because the relation between separate teachings within it shows itself as that of the teleology of antiteleology.

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БРИТАНСКА ШТАМПА О КОНКОРДАТСКОЈ КРИЗИ 1937

Author(s): Ivana Dobrivojević Tomić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2002

In July and August 1937 a considerable number of articles appeared in the British press dealing with the concord crisis. Despite the number of articles referring to this subject, none of them could be said to have offered a thorough and shrewd insight in the Yugoslav problem. The authors of the articles lent greater attention to the consequences of the crisis than to its causes, the participants in the concord were neither named, much less analyzed giving the impression that the journalists had no knowledge of them. The internal reasons and the requirements of foreign policy that pressed the government to ratify the concord were not considered, nor the indifference demonstrated towards this problem by Macek and the Croatian Peasant Party. Nevertheless, the fact remains that in all of Europe only the British press did not pass silently over this crisis and did not attempt to play down the dissatisfaction and unease of the Orthodox population. All considered, it seems right to say that the British press offered a balanced and correct coverage of those aspects of the concord crisis which they thought warranted interest.

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