TEACHING TRIP AND EDUCATIONAL SOFTWARE

Author(s): Ioan Maxim / Language(s): English Issue: 17/2022

The teaching trip, as organizational form of teaching, is situated at the border between formal and non-formal education. An adequate teaching scenario for a teaching trip can place this activity in the field of formal education definitely. In educational terms, non-formal educational trip makes from itself, an attractive, dynamic and consistent activity, strongly influenced by technical memo elements, which combines intuitive scientific argument, rigorously and systematically. The paper aims to implement in an unitary teaching scenario, the attractive and spectacular elements specific to the educational trip, with the ones of formal teaching, leading to a logical project of educational software, which constitutes a turning point in the designing learning programs. The teaching scenario of the learning program allows to the student, to approach scientific context of the lesson, intuitive initially, afterwards using traditional teaching methods and procedures, as exposure, demonstration, explanation and also, to be presented the scientific content to the student, systematically and organized. The learning program creates a virtual scientific space and allows the student to explore and discover new content elements in a logical and intuitive context. Prospective manner places the student at the center of cognitive context, maintaining and feeding its interest for scientific content. The logical sequence of content elements generates a succession of visual frames for the virtual scientific space of the lesson. This script element of didactic scenario is inspired from the trip didactic. The teacher, who intervenes with rigorous explanations supported with audio, video or text format arguments, is the guide of the student in the virtual space of lesson. A return in similar contextual frame offers the possibility of implementation, a sequential feedback and formative assessment, in the learning program. The new manner of designing the learning programs, presented in the paper, allows an easy removal from the paradigm of instruction centered on student and an approach to the paradigm of learning based on resources.

Writing and death: An overview of the concept of death in Albanian literature

Author(s): Blerina Rogova Gaxha / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2023

From Antiquity to the Postmodern world, the approaches of philosophical and literary thought to death have changed but also remained similar from philosopher to philosopher and from writer to writer. Many of these approaches emphasize the dualities of life/death and soul/body, relying on the argument that everything arises from its opposite through the continuous process of reproduction, just as everything dies. This paper will deal with the concept of death in the work of three authors, Ndre Mjedja, Lasgush Poradeci, and Mitrush Kuteli, who are the main writers and cultural personalities in Albanian literature of the 20th century. The selected authors conceive, create, and promote a plurality of discourses and themes, highlighting the theme of death, through which they reveal the philosophical power of the literary text and the possibilities implicit to literature itself. Their views provide a poetic and cultural background for a theoretical discussion of literary and cultural facets of death. A prelude exploring the concept of death generally will be followed by a discussion of the authors’ works, and finally, a theoretical analysis of these works will round off the investigation of death as a literary and philosophical theme in Albanian letters.

The cluster /dr/ in the Balkan languages based on Judeo-Spanish metathesis /rd/>/dr/

Author(s): Iskra Dobreva / Language(s): English Issue: 1-2/2023

The present paper approaches the preference of the consonant cluster /dr/ over /rd/ in intervocalic position in Balkan languages, opposing the preference of /rd/ in the majority of European languages, (except Slavic). The preference of intervocalic /dr/ over /rd/ is regarded as Balkan areal feature, based on the specific change of rhotic metathesis in Judeo-Spanish after its separation from the Ibero-Romance continuum. The well-known Judeo-Spanish innovation of rightward metathesis of /r/ in intervocalic cluster /rd/ to /dr/ compared to Spanish, e.g. JS guadrar vs. Sp. guardar ‘to save’, JS akodrarse vs Sp. acordarse ‘to remember’, JS pedronar vs Sp perdonar ‘to forgive’. The frequency of the consonant clusters /dr/ and /rd/ is analysed in texts in Judeo-Spanish, Balkan and few European languages. The obtained results reveal that in Balkan languages /dr/ is more frequent than /rd/, unlike several European languages. Judeo-Spanish resembles the Balkan languages and the intervocalic cluster /dr/ prevails over /rd/ in the analyzed texts. However, in Judeo-Spanish both the innovative and conservative forms co-exist. Language contact is regarded as the main trigger for this long-discussed consonant innovation, distinguishing Judeo-Spanish from Spanish and other Ibero-Romance languages. The same feature also differentiates the Balkan languages from other languages of Europe, yet it is also present in the Slavic languages. Contact with the latter may explain the higher /dr/ frequency in Romanian contrasting with other Romance languages. Further studies are needed to investigate the expansion of the consonant feature in question in Slavic, Balkan and Eastern-Mediterranean languages.

On conceptualization and misconceptualization of compositional aspect in Bulgarian publications

Author(s): Krasimir Kabakchiev / Language(s): English Issue: 1-2/2023

Bulgarian publications on English compositional aspect, effectuated at the sentence level, are discussed, providing inadequate descriptions. Slavic aspect is morphologically realized in verbs, English verbs cannot signify aspect, it is explicated as an interplay of sentence components, mainly NPs. Interpretations valid for verbal-aspect languages and inapplicable to compositional aspect are forced onto English, or aspect is “discovered” at the VP-level instead of the sentence level.

Un intento de aproximación a la terminología de uso más frecuente en el lenguaje de los seguros de vida riesgo en español y búlgaro

Author(s): Radomira Videva / Language(s): Spanish Issue: 1-2/2023

The main purpose of this article is to present a proposal for a unidirectional bilingual glossary (Spanish-Bulgarian) of the commonly used terms and terminological collocations in the field of life risk insurance. Firstly, the regulation of life risk insurance contracts in the two legislations will be studied. Next we will proceed to carry out a comparative analysis of the Spanish and Bulgarian language of insurance. The glossary building process will be explained later. Finally, we will offer a brief reflection regarding the creation of various translation support materials in the field of insurance terminology within this language combination.

Концепцията за пространствена и времева заедност в условията на новата нормалност (върху материал от българския и полския език)

Author(s): Vitka Deleva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1-2/2023

The paper focuses on the new optics of interpretation of social processes of the global scale that take place in the past three decades. The transformation of concepts of time and space is discussed as a key characteristic of postmodern society that is represented in the policy programme Europe’s Digital Decade. Analyses is based on the Theory of Network Society developed by Manuel Castells and Theory of Liquid Modernity proposed by Zygmunt Bauman.

Подбрана библиография на научните трудове на Кина Вачкова

Author(s): Dimiter Popov,Ivo Bratanov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1-2/2023

Людмила Ф. Фомина: Космонимия в Бивлии руской Франциска Скорины

Author(s): Liudmila Fomina / Language(s): Russian Issue: 3/2023

The article discusses the nominations of the Great Bear constellation, the Pleiades asterism, the planet Venus and the collective name Zodiac in the Russian Bible by the outstanding pioneer printer and translator of the 16th century – Francysk Skaryna. The purpose of the article is a historical and linguistic analysis of the astronomical nominations presented in the biblical books of Francysk Skaryna, in particular, the study of the sources of their appearance, the correlation of Church Slavonic and popular names (Czech, Russian, Belarusian). It is noted that cosmonyms make up two groups: the first – Church Slavicisms, continuing the Cyril-Methodian tradition in this lexical sphere; the second – the popular names, partly due to the influence of the Czech Bible of 1506 and widely known in the territory of Slavia. The name of the Zodiac is also marked by Czech-Latin influence. Comparison with the Ostrog Bible, which appeared in the 16th century and later as a model of the normalized Church Slavonic language, demonstrated that the language of Skaryna᾽s Bible largely deviates from its norms and is subject to the Belarusian linguistic influence. The author comes to the conclusion that the lexical and grammatical features of the Church Slavonic language of the Belarusian version are reflected in the cosmonymy of Francysk Skaryna᾽s Russian Bible.

The rhetoric of ‘internal’ branding in Nigeria’s rebranding campaign

Author(s): Adeyemi Adegoju / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

This paper examines the rhetorical strategies of mobilising and inspiring a domestic audience for national identity re/construction in order to reinforce the Nigerian brand. Data for the study are composed of some branding strategies packaged and broadcast mainly on radio and television by Nigeria’s Federal Ministry of Information and Communications in its rebranding campaign in 2009 which was targeted at domestic citizens’ value re-orientation. The study adopts Fairclough’s (1992) dialectical-relational approach which centres on “dialectical reasoning” – a way of reasoning from critique of discourse to what should be done to change the existing reality, by way of explanation of relations between discourse and other components (social, cultural and political) of reality. It then applies the tenets of the theory to analyse the rhetorical strategies in the rebranding campaign, as the domestic citizens’ agency is considered instrumental in bolstering the Nigerian brand. The study demonstrates that the branding strategies analysed largely invoke history, collective memory, values, traditions, and aspirations which could appeal to domestic citizens’ nationalistic sensibilities and imaginaries to evolve an enduring Nigerian brand which is domestic driven.

Apocalyptic representation of Covid-19: a corpus-assisted discourse analysis of the World Health Organization’s discourse practices

Author(s): Sadiq Altamimi / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

This study examines the interdiscursive representation of the coronavirus disease by the World Health Organization from the outbreak of the virus in January 2020 to the announcement of a successful vaccine in November 2020. The aim is to find out whether the agency has delivered apocalyptic language that increased anxiety and stress among the public leading to a weak human immune system, or contributed to creating global cooperation and placing emergency measures to fight the virus. I have adopted a discourse analysis approach, with the aid of NVivo qualitative software and corpus linguistic tools, for the analysis of a purpose-built corpus of the WHO Director-General’s speeches, focusing on referential, predication, perspectivation, intensifying, mitigation and argumentation strategies. The result of the analysis revealed that the WHO discourse referred to COVID-19 as an eccentric virus, qualified and intensified by the agency as a threat to humanity. The WHO adopted a subjective point of view, showing active involvement in the discursive representation of the virus and argumentatively asking people to unite until a vaccine is invented.

Recontextualising “doing a doctoral degree” as a social practice complex: evidence from Malaysia

Author(s): Teun De Rycker / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

The current study is part of a longitudinal research project into the relationship between students’ ways of recontextualising their doctoral degree experience and eventual programme completion. Building on earlier findings reported in De Rycker (2014, 2022), the objective is to examine the hidden ontology of “doing a doctoral degree”. The primary data consist in structured interviews conducted with 20 doctoral students at the Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Using Van Leeuwen’s (2008) socio-semantic model for the critical study of discourse, the analysis of the interviews produced two major empirical findings. First, doctoral students’ discourse is characterised by a strong sense of personal agency but also a lack of specificity and a simplification of the overall practice complex, in which doing research seems to be reduced to mere semiotic actions. Secondly, students construe “doing a doctoral degree” as a mystifying process replete with paradoxes. Further interpretative analysis suggests that semiotic action representations play a significant role as self-enhancing metonyms for “doing research”, helping students to demystify the academic practice and resolve some of its inherent contradictions. Implications for supervisory practice as well as the larger research project will be discussed.

Strategije prividne empatije i polarizacije u kemalističkom diskursu

Author(s): Mirsad Turanović,Amina Ajdinović Mehović / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 23/2023

The paper analyzes the discursive strategies of apparent empathy and ideological polarization that were used to legitimize discrimination against covered female students in the Republic of Turkey. We approached this complex social problem from the point of view of critical discourse analysis, which represents an interdisciplinary research area centered on the interest in researching the manipulative use of language. The ban on wearing headscarves in universities in Turkey was the fruit of the Kemalist conception of modernism and hegemony established by the Kemalist elites. An important role in preserving that hegemony was also played by the media, whose primary goal was to legitimize social injustice and protect the social order based on an asymmetric distribution of power. They performed this role of the media through the manipulative use of language within clearly recognizable discursive strategies, which was shown by the analysis of the newspaper text that is the subject of this paper.

Preface

Author(s): Maya Ivanova / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2023

Paul Meyvaеrt and Paul Devos Duo Candelabra Cyrillomethodiana

Author(s): Stilyana Batalova / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2023

The paper outlines in historiographical perspective Paul Meyvaert (1921–2015) and Paul Devos’ (1913–1995) contributions to the classification of the Latin hagiographical legends about Sts Cyril and Methodius. The author analyzes their three joint studies from 1955–1956. These studies first introduced into academic use the most comprehensive medieval copy of the so-called Italian Legend discovered to date. They also explored its links to the literary activity of Leo of Ostia (1046–1115). Through P. Meyvaert’s fortuitous discovery, the two scholars proved that only the second redaction of the Italian Legend has survived. As a result of their research, they narrowed down the chronological limits of the appearance of its first redaction, compiled by Johannes Hymmonides and Gauderic of Velletri. They studied the manuscript tradition (of the Italian Legend) and proved that the reference to the episcopal rank of St Cyril and St Methodius is a late interpolation in the text. They established what influence Leo of Ostia’s redaction of the Italian Legend exerted on the literary production in the Benedictine monastery of San Clemente a Casauria in the last quarter of the 12th century and on some legendaries containing abridged legendae novae of the 13th and 14th centuries. P. Meyvaert and P. Devos also attempted to clarify the place of the so-called Moravian Legend in the nexus of Latin Cyrillo-Methodian legends of the Bohemian lands.The paper discusses the contributions of Meyvaert and Devos from the perspective of the development of Cyrillo-Methodian studies. It analyses the main approaches used for the successful solutions to age-old issues and the hypotheses that provoked debate with Jaroslav Ludvikovský (1895–1984).

Cyril and Methodius. Images. Memory. Identity (A Book Review)

Author(s): Ewelina Drzewiecka / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2023

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Еditions of the Cyrillo-Methodian Research Centre at the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences for the period 2021–2022

Author(s): Nely Gancheva / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2023

Homonyma a víceznačnost (polysémie) jako události psychoanalytické hodiny

Author(s): David Holub / Language(s): Czech Issue: 2/2022

Consonant words (homonyms) and ambiguity (polysemy) are subjective and intersubjective events of language slippage and speech acts in the analytic session. The ambiguity of speech reflects mental development, the sediments of first significant experiences and pre-symbolic communication. Homonyms are an opportunity to listen in a non-common way to what is excluded from the analytical process and from life. They expand the analytical space by a dimension not lived before. They open the mind for play and imagination, testify of the ambiguity, of the „informative unfixedness“ of symbols. They remove speech from consciously controlled discourse and established linguistic frameworks. They introduce a new movement into analytical work and encourage self-analysis. The unconscious meaning of the homonyms and their transmission message often become apparent with distance, sometimes only after the analysis is complete (apr s- -coup). Homonyms can both reveal and conceal – they are creative in nature, can bridge unbereable feelings or be used in a protective way.

СТРУКТУРНО-СЕМАНТИЧЕСКИЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ ОДНОЙ ОБРЯДОВО-ЭТИКЕТНОЙ ФОРМУЛЫ НАРОДНОЙ РЕЧИ В СИТУАЦИИ ТКАЧЕСТВА

Author(s): Anastasia A. Chekina / Language(s): Russian Issue: 6/2023

The article deals with the ritual etiquette formula of folk speech (benevolent utterance) pronounced in the situation of weaving (Sidenye vashemu!), in the context of the interaction of ritual and etiquette. In traditional communication, ritual and etiquette form a complex and often interrelated cultural phenomenon, influencing the symbolic, mythological, and pragmatic functions of folk speech etiquette. The article analyzes a speech formula of benevolence aiming to reveal its structural and semantic peculiarities in the context of “ritual – etiquette” opposition and a number of consequential semantic oppositions: “sacredness – everyday life”, “collectivity – individuality”, “semioticity – non-semioticity”. Attention is drawn to the special form of dialogical unity represented by the stimulus utterance (Sidenye vashemu!) and the response utterance (Sidet’ po-nashemu!). Attention is focused on the symbolic semantic bivalence of the lexeme sidenye (seat) as a nuclear component of the formula. The analysis is performed in the ethnolinguistic context, which includes the action, verbal, and object levels. The conclusion is made about the contaminated meaning of mythological (ritual) and pragmatic (etiquette) subtexts in the situation of weaving, one of the regular activities of rural women.

Creation in Ancient Elam based on Royal Elamite Inscriptions and Rock Reliefs

Author(s): Iraj DADASHI,Milad JAHANGIRFAR,Saeed SEYYED AHMADI ZAVIEH / Language(s): English Issue: 12/2023

Royal Elamite inscriptions offer valuable insights into a range of themes related to ancient Iran. However, to date, no Elamite creation myth has been recovered. Nonetheless, there exist indirect references in the inscriptions and rock reliefs that can be used to reconstruct such an account. This study aims to partially reconstruct the Elamite genesis by examining the linguistic and iconographical clues. It is important to note, however, that this primary investigation provides only limited insights into the creation myth in ancient Elam.

La traducción automática de unidades fraseológicas usadas en Manolito Gafotas al árabe: entre la corrección lingüística y la aceptabilidad cultural

Author(s): Mohamed El Madkouri,Beatriz‏ Soto Aranda / Language(s): Spanish Issue: 1/2023

One of the challenges in literary translation is the need to consider linguistic accuracy, pragmatic meaning, and reading experience all at once. It means that translators choose carefully between translation options, considering stylistic issues and the characteristics of the potential reader (mainly age and cultural features of the target context). From this perspective, this research analyses machine translation of five phraseological units from Spanish into Arabic, using the young adult novel Manolito Gafotas by Elvira Lindo (1994) as a corpus. The translations are assessed by 1. analysing their grammatical and semantic accuracy and 2. comparing them with the results of a survey conducted among six bilingual and bicultural speakers asked to translate the items being assessed. By following the results of previous research focused on machine translation of isolated Arabic proverbs into Spanish, the phraseological units elicited were provided in context to enable machine translation and human translators to infer their pragmatic and discursive meaning. The research concludes that neural machine translation systems tend to propose accurate solutions for the phraseological units being assessed when they receive enough linguistic input. Likewise, incorrect translations are due to comprehension errors produced in the translational process between Spanish and English, as the latter functions as the pivot language in the translating process. Finally, human translators tend to use more canonical and functional equivalent phraseological units and produce a variety of target culture-oriented translations.