Du latin tardif au numérique. Une histoire de la phrase française des « Serments de Strasbourg » aux écritures numériques sous la direction de Gilles Siouffi

Author(s): Françoise Collinet,Joanna Górnikiewicz / Language(s): French Issue: 1/2023

The article constitutes a report on the publication Une histoire de la phrase française des Serments de Strasbourg aux écritures numériques [A History of French Sentence from the “Oaths of Strasbourg” to Digital Writing] published under the direction of Gilles Siouffi. The notion of a sentence seems nowadays so widely shared that we could be tempted to think that all over the history it was an obvious thing. Texts used by the authors demonstrate the contrary, they show that a sentence was for a long time contending with little success against competitive concepts (such as period, proposition, to mention just the most important ones) and that it is the outcome of a complicated history relating to various areas of the social life: political history, literary history, technical innovations, language analyses, etc. Apart from the authors’ erudition and their ability to include linguistic thinking into the common history, this work seduces by the contrast between texts certified and the model of a sentence, which contemporary French speakers have encoded.

L’identité qui s’écrit avec un F. À propos d’Écritures de femmes en Belgique francophone après 1945 (éd. M. Quaghebeur)

Author(s): Judyta Zbierska-Mościcka / Language(s): French Issue: 1/2023

The article discusses the book Écritures de femmes en Belgique francophone après 1945 edited by M. Quaghebeur. The publication is a collection of articles showcasing the diversity of women’s writing over several decades, crucial to the empowerment of women in Belgian social life and particularly in the cultural field. The chronological presentation of the individual articles highlights the central theme of the books discussed here, which is identity: gender, ethnicity, professional identity.

Купчина боклук, склад, енциклопедия: метафори за постюгославската културна памет. Да пушиш и рисуваш върху кибритени кутии

Author(s): Guido Snel / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 29/2022

Guido Snels examines the concept of post-Yugoslav common literary culture. He scrutinizes a sense of a literary community within its space and tries to limit this sense to the narrower, common concern of exile and (literary) homelessness. His accent is on the novel of exile “The Museum of Unconditional Surrender” by Dubravka Ugrešić. He states that in a structural sense, the novel hovers between two metaphors for ordering: the garbage heap and the encyclopedic list – key tropes that reverberate the chaos after the catastrophe of Yugoslav wars in 90-s. Ugrešić’s catalogue of exiled authors offers a list of those who are excluded by their national communities, some of whom would be otherwise condemned to oblivion for want of an alternative community. This explains the abundant use of intertextuality in this novel aiming at creation of a cultural memory by quoting the cultural annihilation brought about by the culture of nationalism. Snels gives proofs that the series of recurring images and tropes that structure the novel (suitcases, photo albums, encyclopedic lists) are in themselves also quotations and should be read as such. By borrowing devices from its self-appointed predecessors, the novel points out a literary and artistic tradition that, much as Ugrešić’s own work, shows an obsession for literary form as a means to counter forgetting. The author also points out the main shift in Ugrešić’s poetics away from her Yugoslav literary ancestors, toward literary form as a means to cope with ongoing forgetting, literary form as a means to perpetuate mourning or grief as a result of irreconcilable loss.

Българистиката в университета „Демокрит“ и рецепцията на българската литература в Гърция

Author(s): Fotiny Christakoudy-Konstantinidou / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 29/2022

The problems of reception and translation of Bulgarian literature in Greece, especially regarding their contemporary period of development after the Second World War, are thoroughly and comprehensively addressed by M. Nihoriti in her study “Bulgarian-Greek Literary Relations after the Second World War until the year of 2000”. An explanation for the significantly smaller number of Greek researches on the Bulgarian-Greek cultural and literary exchange can be sought within the relatively late academic development of Slavic studies (in 1926, Departments of Balkan history and Departments of Slavic languages and philologies were established at the newly created University of Thessaloniki), within aspects of the political life after the lowering of the “Iron Curtain” in Europe, but also within factors that determined the Bulgarian-Greek political and diplomatic relations in the long run (related to the theory of J. Ph. Fallmerayer, to the dominance of Megali Idea in the national history of Greece, to the interstate conflicts in the regions of Thrace and Macedonia, etc.). Along with the synthetically presented information about the historical path of translated Bulgarian literature in Greece, the role of Bulgarian studies at the Democritus University of Thrace is outlined. A focus is put on the participation of Associate professor Christina Markou and her students in the processes of modern literary translation in the Balkans.

Прагматиката на четири Енеиди

Author(s): Vladimir Kolev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 29/2022

The following article is focused on the differences between the Aeneid by Virgil and its travesties by the Austrian author Aloys Blumauer, the Russian writer Nikolay Osipov and the founder of the new Ukrainian literature Ivan Kotliarevsky. The main aspects of analysis are the intertextuality and the pragmatics of the separate texts, or in what way the author’s intention affects the audience and the other way around – how the audience constitutes the placement of the text among national canon. Thus, the research gives an answer to the question how one mock-epic poem could stay in the centre of its national literature, and another to be pushed out in its margins.

Сеизмографичният автор и литературните катаклизми. Антон Страшимиров по стъпките на Станислав Пшибишевски

Author(s): Piotr Misztela / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 29/2022

This article analyzes the traces of Stanisław Przybyszewski’s oeuvre in three Anton Strashimirov’s urban novels: The Meeting, The Suspension Bridge and Bena. Strashimirov, known for his restless and impressionable artistic nature, decided to equip Sofia intellectuals with the typical obsessions of Przybyszewski’s protagonists, including the fatal power of lust or the desire for unavailable androgynous synthesis. Both plot and language of the three novels reveal inspirations by the Polish author’s “naked soul” conception.

Симетрични структури на произведенията на Ивайло Петров: „Мъртво вълнение“, „Преди да се родя и след смъртта ми“ и „Хайка за вълци“

Author(s): Zhan Yanyi / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 29/2022

The text examines three works of Ivaylo Petrov – “Ground Swell”, “Before I was Born and After My Death”, “A Hunt for Wolves” – and their different innovative narrative structures, perspectives and narrative styles. The article presents a structuralist view and shows the process of symmetrical perfection of their narrative structures in the period from the 1960s to the 1980s.

Славянските литератури между постмодернизма и световната литература

Author(s): Ivan Stoykov Ivanov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 29/2022

The article is devoted to the participation of Slavic literatures in the debate on postmodernism and world literature in the third millennium. Referring to David Damrosch’s thesis that there has never been a national literature that developed independently of world literature, and to Douwe Foukema and Hans Bertens’ concept of the international character of postmodern literature, the text insists on a close connection between the two concepts. The main focus is on Olga Tokarchuk’s novel Drive Your Plow Over the Bones of the Dead, which is defined as global but also postmodern.

Гео Милев и Сесар Вайехо – диалогични прочити

Author(s): Desislava Dincheva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 29/2022

The current course paper represents two poets who, at first glance, would struggle to find a common perspective. However, resemblance exists in their understanding of literature, the world, and their creative works. The sociocultural context in Peru and Bulgaria from World War I until the 1930s portrays significant connections and contrasts in the topics and motives of Geo Milev’s creations and those of Peruvian poet César Vallejo – widely regarded as one of the brightest representatives of avant-garde literature. Topics of exploration are the views of the two poets regarding modern poetry and the works of the new generation. Another focal point in their creations is the attitude towards religion and God’s displays. Object of research is also the connection with folklore. Lyrical prose is another essential point of interest in the course paper. In their poetry, similarities are abundant. The differences in their newer style of writing are highlighted on a language basis – play with punctuation (missing dots and commas), graphical experimentation (unusual usage of small and large letters, new lines). Regarding structure, the leading concept is fragmentariness. Geo Milev and César Vallejo are among the most distinguished representatives of avant-garde literature in Bulgaria and Peru, respectively, while the countries are peculiarly adjacent in their literary tendencies. Dialogic readings aim to support this statement.

Един мъдър грешник по име Иехуда от Кериот: Образът на Юда в романа на Николай Райнов „Между пустиня- та и живота

Author(s): Preslava Peneva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 29/2022

The following interpretation of Nikolay Raynov’s novel “Between the desert and the life” (1919) aims to analyze in depth the character of Yehuda of Keriot (Judas Iscariot), to bring out the main similarities and differences between the character of Nikolay Raynov and other literary and apocryphal interpretations of the betrayer of Christ, as well as to propose a new direction for analysis of the named character based on different psychological and philosophical models. The first part of the text examines the influence of Miriam of Migdol (Mary Magdalene) on Yehuda of Keriot and the parallels between her image and the figure of the Devil. The second part interprets the image of Yehuda through the lens of the Nietzschean theory of Dionysian and Apollonian characteristics. The third part examines the relationship between Yehuda of Keriot and Yeshu bar Yosef (Jesus Christ) and how this relationship transforms Yehuda’s essence in the direction from unbelief to self-sacrifice. The interpretation offers juxtapositions and parallels to other literary works that feature interpretations of the biblical Judas Iscariot, such as Dante Alighieri’s “Divine Comedy” (1320), Leonid Andreev’s “Judas Iscariot” (1907), Mikhail Bulgakov’s “The Master and Margarita” (1928) and “The Last Temptation of Christ” (1955) by Nikos Kazantzakis. Present are references to other literary figures, such as Fyodor Dostoevsky, Victor Hugo, Jean-Baptiste Moliere, Sergei Yesenin.

Литературното кафене в междувоенния период през мемоарите на Кирил Кръстев и Константин Константинов

Author(s): Ivana Tanusheva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 29/2022

The aim is to present the importance of the literary coffee place in interwar period as a social culture center, based on memories of contemporaries in their memoir texts. My survey is based mainly on Kiril Krustev’s “Memorios of culture life between the two world wars” and “Road through the years” of Konstantin Konstantinov. I chose these texts because both authors pay close attention to the so-called “writerly cafe” — the “Tsar Osvoboditel” coffee - pastry shop. Both texts date from a later period, which is important for gaining a distant insight into past time. Konstantinov himself shares, that if something is a memory it must no longer be.

Комунистическата и посткомунистическата политически реторики

Author(s): Georgi Fotev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/1998

Да разбираме прехода. Интерпретацията на експертите vs интерпретацията на участниците?

Author(s): Aleksander Kiossev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/1997

Zachowania gestyczne i wrażenia olfaktoryczne literackich i filmowych transbohaterów

Author(s): Anna Kujawska-Kot / Language(s): Polish Issue: 5/2022

The article deals with the problem of non-verbal forms of gender identity communication by transsexual characters. The aspects of pretransition and transition, such as the gestural behavior and the manifestation of one’s psychological sex by the selection of the right smell, were usually placed on the margins of scientific inquiry. However, properly selected literary and film fragments may serve as appropriate research material to present such issues as the role of gestures, facial expressions, ways of walking, the meaning of micro-movements of the face, and the choice of perfumes. The paper attempts to answer how the gestures, facial expressions, ways of walking, and even the choice of perfume of transsexual characters shape gender (re)presentation in public space as well as what functions play gestural behaviors, facial micro-movements, and perfumes in the non-verbal communication of transwomen’s and transmen’s gender identity. In the study of cultural texts, a montage technique was used. It appears that in the process of self-creation and the representation of their gender identity, the characters give important meanings to various trifles. Textualizing themselves, transwomen and transmen often fetishize their own faces; and on the other hand, experiencing their own faces can astonish with subtlety and synesthetic character. Intentionally selected gestural behaviors and perfumes are embedded in their bodytext to mark gender affiliation. Although these choices refer to the stereotypical body language of a woman or man and their smell, they do not have pejorative overtones. The ontic status of the stereotype is changing. It becomes an inspiration, a signpost, and a vehicle for communication.

О КОНСТРУКЦИЈАМА С ПРИЈЕДЛОГОМ ПО У РОМАНИМА ГОСПОЂИЦА И ПРОКЛЕТА АВЛИЈА ИВЕ АНДРИЋА

Author(s): Goran Milašin / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 27/2023

This paper presents the analysis results of syntactic and semantic features of constructions with the preposition po in The Woman from Sarajevo (Gos¬pođica, 1945) and The Damned Yard (Prokleta avlija, 1954) by Ivo Andrić. The main goal of the research was to determine the meanings and functions of these constructions in the novels that form the corpus of the research, but also to try to expand and supplement, on the basis of selected exam¬ples, the previous syntactic and semantic analyses of the preposition po in our older and also more recent grammars and linguistic articles. By using both the theoretical framework of cognitive semantics and the theoretical foundations of more traditional approaches to the meaning of prepositions, 298 constructions (213 from The Woman from Sarajevo and 85 from The Damned Yard) were analysed, and it was concluded that the language of Andrić’s works, at least when it comes to constructions with the preposi¬tion po, is not different from the contemporary Serbian language. Namely, it was observed that there are more locative than accusative constructions with the preposition po, and that the most frequent are the spatial locative and the base/criterion locative. At the end of the paper, we pointed out the non-prepositional function of the word po.

Online Database of 14th-century South Slavonic Manuscripts. Research Results and Perspectives

Author(s): Marco Scarpa,Marta Riparante,Desislava Paneva-Marinova / Language(s): English Issue: XIII/2023

This paper shares the experience of the Kopisti14 project team in achieving a common interdisciplinary scientific result through active collaboration be-tween philologists and computer scientists, each contributing according to their expertise. Some early results of this collaboration are presented. They show how the data collected and processed together offer some interesting insights and raise questions for future research.

Textové praxe Jana Jiřího Haranta z Polžic a Bezdružic mezi rodinnou pamětí, kulturním překladem a exulantskou každodenností

Author(s): Radmila Prchal Pavlíčková / Language(s): Czech Issue: 01/2020

The study analyses textual practices of Jan Jiří Harant of Polžice and Bezdružice (1580–1649?). This knight and exile engaged in several textual and artistic activities. Between 1624–1648 he wrote his memoirs in Czech. In the 1630s, he translated into German the travel account of his older brother, Kryštof Harant, which described his journey to the Holy Land. For this book translation he also prepared his brother’s biography and numerous illustrations. In exile, he then wrote a number of genealogies and drew a genealogy for his son’s book of military memories. This study contextualizes all textual and artistic activities of Jan Jiří Harant which have been so far researched separately and have not received complex interdisciplinary attention. Here, they are analysed in the context of contemporary practices of textual production and reproduction, book culture and the processes of reading and writing. Building on this well documented example, the author shows specific ways in which an aristocratic family in exile used texts and images in order to substitute for other ways of commemoration. Aside from entertainment, these practices also helped preserve and cultivate family memory, served its self-presentation, and facilitated its integration in a foreign environment.

Pohrebná reč a modlitba (Halotti beszéd és könyörgés) z Prayovho kódexu a pokus o slovenský preklad textu a jeho interpretáciu

Author(s): Dávid Jablonský / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 2/2022

The oldest known Hungarian language monument called Funeral Sermon and Prayer (Halotti beszéd és könyörgés) has earned exceptional respect in the field of Hungarian culture and historiography, and a wider team of authors has sought to analyze and interpret it, however, the source bypassed the attention of the Slovak historical community. Funeral speeches in the European area at the time of the 12th century were still rare also in Latin, not only in the national languages. The central motif was based on the findings of Chapter 3 of the Book of Genesis, where God forbade Adam and Eve to eat the fruit of the tree in the middle of the garden. Because they broke their promise, they brought death to the human race. In addition to God, the Devil, Adam and Eve, the figures of the Virgin Mary, St. Peter, the Archangel Michael, the angels and Abraham, Isaac and Jacob were also mentioned. From the New Testament writings, there is also an allusion to the Gospel according to Matthew. The topic contains a transcript and a Slovak translation not only of the Hungarian version, but of the Latin original too, from which it follows that the original author also operated with references to the work of the Prophet Ezekiel or the work of St. Paul. The Funeral Sermon and Prayer is at least unique from the point of view of medieval Hungary, because expansion of funeral speeches and their publication was more common in the period from the 16th to the 18th century.

O jeziku normativnih akata prve hrvatske tiskare u Hercegovini

Author(s): Irina Budimir / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 9/2023

On the occasion of the 150th anniversary of the establishment of printing in Mostar and the establishment of the Printing House of the Catholic Mission in Herzegovina (Typhographia Missionis Catholicae in Hercegovina) in 1872, under the management of Father Franjo Milićević, this paper aims to present the language of the legislative acts of the time, such as the normative acts of the Printing House. By analysing the so-called first labour tariff (Rules for the Printing House of Father Franjo Milićević in Mostar from 1888), a type of statute (Rules for the Croatian Joint-Stock Printing House in Mostar, 1899) and business reports of the time (Report of Income and Expenses for the Establishment of a Catholic Printing House in Herzegovina, 1873, 1876), the paper presents the linguistic, and especially the lexical, layer as an example of administrative lexicon/terminology, and of the legal and professional terminology used in the printing industry at the time.In terms of language, the publishers respected the Illyrian influence and the norms of the Zagreb School of Philology in all the documents, which has also been confirmed by other linguistic studies on periodicals and textbooks published by the Printing House. Business reports were published immediately after the establishment of the Croatian Printing House, whereas the first labour tariff in Bosnia and Herzegovina ensued after the publication of Glas Hercegovca, a publication that would mark an entire decade of work under the linguistic influence of the Zagreb School of Philology. The Statute (Rules from 1899) was published a year after the release of the first issue of a new publication, Osvit, and the same year coincides with the publication of the grammar of the Croatian Vukovians (Grammar and Stylistics of Croatian or Serbian by Tom Maretić), and Broz’s already established and applied Croatian Normative Guide from 1892.The linguistic characteristics of all the normative acts are only partially different from the language of earlier publications, if one takes into consideration that the new language conception of the Croatian Vukovians had already been adopted and was being applied. With respect to the lexicon, there is an expressed usage of Latinisms as traditional professional terminology. Oriental and Italian loanwords are prominent in reports on business operations and the first labour tariff. In the lexical sense, the rules from 1899 basically confirm the usage of Croatian legal terminology from the codification period it was written in.

Between Spanish Language and Multilingualism in Spain: The Radical Right Placement

Author(s): Daniel Pinto Pajares / Language(s): English Issue: 01/2023

Since its irruption in Spanish public institutions in 2018, a new right-wing political party, Vox, has challenged the electoral spectrum of other parties under a nationalist form. This work justifies the classification of Vox within the so-called radical right based on the components of the party’s nativist and authoritarian positions. These premises are deployed in discourses on the Spanish language as the only linguistic axis capable of structuring the nation. Although similar arguments can be found in other right-wing, center-right, or center-left political parties in Spain, Vox explicitly shows its placement. Language policy in Spain fluctuates around two positions related to the legal nature of the official languages. On the one hand, Spanish is the official language of the State and is widely known by the population; on the other hand, linguistic officiality is shared with other languages in several regions. This legal and social situation implies that measures for the protection and promotion of regional languages are perceived as an attack on the vitality of Spanish. We propose an analysis of Vox’s discourse through three channels: first, the organic party documents, as the statutes or the electoral program; second, institutional and journalistic interventions of members with social significance; and third, the publications on Twitter of six relevant components of the party. This material reveals an attack on the linguistic policies of bilingual territories under the premise of Spanish as the common language that balances all citizens. Far from assuming a mere conjunction of particular political phenomena, Vox’s discourse articulates social loyalties, with a direct impact on the coexistence of people from different territories and speakers of different languages. Our purpose is, therefore, to unravel the ideological orientation and tone with which Vox transmits its discourse regarding the social relationship of minoritized languages in Spain with the most widespread language, Spanish.