BESZÁMOLÓ A 2002—2003. ÉVI ORSZÁGOS „ÁBEL JENŐ LATIN TANULMÁNYI VERSENY”-RÔL

Author(s): Rita Kopeczky,Béla Adamik / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 1(2)/2004

Az Ókortudományi Társaság — az Oktatási Minisztérium támogatásával — a 2002—2003. Tanévben is megrendezte országos, Ábel Jenôrôl elnevezett latin tanulmányi versenyét, két kategóriában. A verseny elsô, iskolai fordulóján, 2003. február 14-én, 75 iskolából (52 vidéki, 23 budapesti) 1065 tanuló vett részt. A maiores kategória 609 versenyzôje „A tudás a legnagyobb kincs, mely el nem vehetô tôlünk” címû tétel, a minores kategória 456 versenyzôje pedig a „Nagy Károly az iskolában” címû tétel magyarra fordításában mérte össze a tudását. A szaktanár kollégák 302 dolgozatot küldtek be az iskolákból, ebbôl 168-at a maior, 134-et a minor kategóriában. A versenybizottság döntése alapján végül a maior kategóriában 135, a minor kategóriában 107, tehát összesen 242 fô versenyezhetett 2003. április 26-án az ELTE-n megrendezett döntô fordulón. A döntôben a maiores kategória 135 versenyzôje a „Miért mondott köszönetet szüleinek Vitruvius?” címû tétellel, a 107 minores versenyzô pedig „A suszterbôl lett doktor” címû szöveggel tette próbára erejét.

Cervantes y la textura clásica del episodio del Caballero del Bosque

Author(s): Antonio de Padua Andino Sánchez / Language(s): Spanish Issue: 10/2019

Resumen: El artículo es un estudio detallado de los recursos de los que se vale Cervantes en la creación y soporte de uno de los momentos culminantes de la segunda entrega, el primer encuentro de don Quijote con el bachiller Sansón Carrasco, bajo el disfraz de ‘Caballero del Bosque’. El resultado evidencia cómo acción y retórica se ponen al servicio de la narración una vez más y como marchamo del estilo propio cervantino, revelando claramente no solo la variedad de las fuentes literarias que maneja, sino su modo concienzudo de escribir y componer literatura a partir de la literatura misma. Abstract: The article is a detailed study of the resources Cervantes uses in the creation and support of one of the culminating moments of the second part: the first meeting of Don Quixote with the bachelor Samson Carrasco, under the guise of ‘The Knight of the Forest’. The result shows how action and rhetoric are put at the service of the narrative once again and as Cervantes’ own style brand. It clearly reveals not only the variety of literary sources that he manages, but his conscientious way of writing and composing literature from Literature itself.

Empleo de las formas verbales en –re en las oraciones relativas restrictivas del Compendio de la destruyción de España

Author(s): Ildikó Péter / Language(s): Spanish Issue: 10/2019

Resumen: Desde su formación, el futuro de subjuntivo muestra una distribución sintáctica restringida al no concurrir en oraciones independientes y al estar asociado solo a determinados tipos de oraciones subordinadas, como condicionales, temporales, locativas, modales y relativas. Únicamente las relativas restrictivas están orientadas hacia el futuro, y en ellas el uso de la forma verbal en -re mostrará una especial vigencia hasta la primera mitad del siglo XVII. El objetivo del presente estudio es, por consiguiente, examinar las consideraciones surgidas hasta ahora sobre la restricción distribucional de amare y ame enlas OORR restrictivas. Para ello, tomaremos como punto de partida algunos ejemplos extraídos de nuestro corpus con el fin de que nuestra contribución al empleo del futuro de subjuntivo dentro de este tipo de subordinadas durante el siglo XVII sea lo más precisa posible. Abstract: Since its formation, the future of the subjunctive shows a restricted syntactic distribution by not co-occuring in independent sentences and by being associated only with certain types of subordinate sentences, such as conditional, temporary, locative, modal and relative. Among the latter, only the restrictive relative clauses are oriented towards the future, and the use of the verbal form ending in-re will show a special validity until the first half of the 17th century. The objective of the present study is, then, to examine the considerations that have emerged until now about the distributional restriction of amare and ame in the restrictive clauses. For this purpose, some examples will be extracted as a starting point from our corpus in order to provide a contribution as accurate as possible to the use of the future of subjunctive within this type of subordinates during the17th century.

El contexto como variable determinante y determinada en la asignación de significado. Formas de referir el futuro en español

Author(s): Hugo Marcos Blanco / Language(s): Spanish Issue: 10/2019

Resumen: Partiendo de una concepción inferencial de la comunicación, en el presente trabajo tratamos de poner de manifiesto que la relación que se establece entre el contexto y los enunciados no es unidireccional, esto es, que si bien es cierto que los predicados son interpretados gracias a la participación del contexto, no es menos cierto que el contexto, a su vez, queda determinado por los enunciados a los que él mismo implementa. Como ejemplo de ello, establecemos las diferencias de significado entre tres formas de referir el futuro en español. Abstract: Starting from an inferential conception of communication, in this paper we try to show that the relationship established between the context and the statements is not unidirectional, that is, although it is true that the predicates are interpreted thanks to the context participation, it is no less true that the context in turn is determined by the statements to which it itself implements. As an example, we establish the differences in meaning between three ways of referring to the future in Spanish.

El paso del amor cortés al neoplatónico: claves de lectura de Cárcel de amor de Diego de San Pedro

Author(s): Silvia-Alexandra Ştefan / Language(s): Spanish Issue: 10/2019

Resumen: El presente estudio se propone presentar una síntesis didáctica destinada a profesores de literatura española medieval y renacentista en torno a Cárcel de amor, obra en la que confluyen las corrientes de la teoría amorosa que estaban vigentes en la época de su creación: el amor cortés, el petrarquismo y el neoplatonismo humanista en sus albores. La premisa de la cual partimos es que los Cancioneros castellanos permitieron la configuración de un corpus textual en el que el amor humano comienza a emplear expresamente el lenguaje religioso. Se trata de unas convenciones artificiales del género que encubren una actitud reverente haciala realización de un amor puro y perfecto. Según apunta Alexander Augustine Parker, la diferencia esencial entre la poesía que canta el placer sexual del amor caballeresco y la que celebra el deseo no realizado en el amor cortés radica justamente en que la última emplea un código poético muy similar al amor sagrado. Por su parte, Keith Whinnom apunta hacia la imposibilidad, como es lógico, de que se haya conservado íntegramente en la época en que escribe Diego de San Pedro la filosofía del amor cortés tal y como se había definido doscientos años antes, en la época de los trovadores. Abstract: The current study aims to present a synthesis of didactic content for Medieval and Renaissance Spanish literature teachers focused on Cárcel de amor, a major work of the 15th century which can be read as an amalgam of the love theory trends that were available at the time: courtly love, Petrarchism and Humanistic Neoplatonism at its dawn. Our primary premise is thefollowing: Spanish Cancioneros allowed the configuration of a corpus of texts in which human love begins to expressly employ religious vocabulary. It refers to a series of artificial conventions of the genre, which enclose a reverent attitude towards the realization of pure and perfect love. According to Alexander Augustine Parker, the essential difference between the poetry that chants the sexual pleasure of chivalry love and the poetry celebrating the unfulfilled desire in the courtly love consists precisely in the fact that the latter employs a poetic code that is very similar to the sacred one. Keith Whinnom, for his part, points out to the impossibility of the courtly love philosophy to have been preserved entirely since the epoch of troubadours.

¿Existen diferencias entre niñas y niños en la adquisición de primeras lenguas? Las estructuras de alternancia del dativo en español en datos de adquisición monolingüe

Author(s): Silvia Sánchez Calderón / Language(s): Spanish Issue: 10/2019

Resumen: Este estudio analiza las diferencias de género biológico (niñas y niños) en la adquisición monolingüe de las construcciones de alternancia del dativo (CAD) en español (doblado del clítico dativo [DCLDs] y a/para-dativos). Se espera que las niñas presenten una emergencia más temprana y una incidencia mayor en la producción de CAD, en comparación con los datos de los niños (Cornett 2014 y Lovas 2011), con independencia de la relación sintáctica que presenten las dos CAD. Además, examinamos el papel que juega el input adulto en la producción de CAD en el habla de niñas y de niños españoles monolingües. Para arrojar luz a estas cuestiones, analizamos datos de producción espontánea de seis niñas y de tres niños, así como de los adultos que interaccionan con ellos, extraídos de CHILDES (MacWhinney 2000). Nuestros hallazgos revelan que las niñas y los niños muestran un patrón análogo en la adquisición de la relación sintáctica noderivacional entre DCLD y a/para-dativos, como se observa en su emergencia similar alrededor de los 2 años. Las diferencias de género biológico no se reflejan tampoco en la baja incidencia de a/para-dativos, por lo que estos patrones podrían explicarse por la frecuencia de exposición a estas estructuras en el input adulto. Abstract: This study investigates the biological gender differences (girls and boys) in the monolingual acquisition of dative alternation (DA) constructions in Spanish (dative clitic doubled [DCLD] structures and a/para-datives). We expect that girls show an earlier emergence, and a higher incidence, in the production of Spanish DA, when compared to boys’ data (Cornett 2014 and Lovas 2011), regardless of the syntactic relationship between the two DA structures. We also examine the role played by adult input in monolingual girls’ and in monolingual boys’ production of Spanish DA constructions. In order to shed light on these issues, we analyze spontaneous production data from six girls and three boys, and the adults that interact with them, as available in CHILDES (MacWhinney 2000). Our findings reveal that monolingual girls and monolingual boys exhibit analogous patterns in the acquisition of the syntactic non-derivational relationship between DCLD and a/para-datives, as seen in their similar emergence at around the age of 2. Biological gender differences are not reflected either in the lower incidence of a/para-datives, which suggests that these patterns could be explained by the frequency of exposure to these structures in the adult input.

Weird Sciences and the Sciences of the Weird

Author(s): Marijeta Bradić / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2020

Erich Berger, Kasperi Mäki-Reinikka, Kira O’Reilly, Helena Sederholm (eds.): Art as We Don't Know It

Author(s): Tori Bush / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2020

Review of: Tori Bush on E. Berger, K. Mäki-Reinikka, K. O’Reilly, H. Sederholm (eds.) ART AS WE DON’T KNOW IT, Aalto ARTS Books, 2020.

Lisa Blackman: Haunted Data. Affect, Transmedia, Weird Science

Author(s): Vincenzo Maria Di Mino / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2020

Review of: Lisa Blackman, HAUNTED DATA. AFFECT, TRANSMEDIA, WEIRD SCIENCE London: Bloomsbury, 2019.

Metaphor Saves

Author(s): Tomasz Paweł Krzeszowski / Language(s): English Issue: 8/2019

What is said about metaphor in the present paper will mainly concern the Christian Bible as directly or indirectly translated from the original languages (mostly Ancient Hebrew and New Testament Greek). However, unless otherwise indicated, all biblical quotations are based on New International Version of the Bible. Metaphor is conceived as a cognitive-conceptual device rather than a merely rhetorical ornament, which is consistent with basic tenets of cognitive linguistics. Among conceptual metaphors the metaphor MENTAL REALITY IS PHYSICAL REALITY stands out as one of the most productive metaphors as it generalizes the cognitive process of creating and understanding abstract concepts in terms of concrete, physical entities. The subject of religious thinking, contemplation and discourse cannot be experienced through senses, because such things are “What no eye has seen, what no ear has heard, and what no human mind has conceived” (1 Corinthians 2:9). Thus, metaphor is a kind of hyper-sense allowing us to perceive what our senses cannot perceive in all domains of our knowledge. According to the New Testament Christ himself explained to his disciples why he used parables (i.e. metaphors) in his teachings (Matthew 13:10-13). Conceptual metaphors appearing in the Bible are like a kind of a road, or a kind of a bridge, or a kind of a ladder—all leading man to God. The corruption of language connected with the original sin and manifested in using language as an instrument of deception and lying rather as an instrument of communication with God, was overcome by Jesus Christ as the Word (Logos) offered by God to annihilate the consequences of the original sin. As Christ saved Man from sin and death, metaphor frees language from its corruption, which is also a consequence of the original sin. Understood as the hyper-sense metaphor allows man to re-establish and maintain contact with God. Metaphor will not be needed when we see things as they really are. We shall also see God as He really is.

„Записки от подземието“: съзнанието като болест

Author(s): Emil Dimitrov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2021

The article presents a philosophical reconstruction of the views regarding consciousness expressed by the main character of Dostoyevsky’s Notes from the Underground. The man from the underground is found to be an innovative creation when compared with Julien Sorel, the main character in Stendhal’s The Red and the Black. The original idea that consciousness is an illness is theoretically elaborated through a close analysis of the text; the article also draws on philosophical fragments found in Dostoyevsky’s manuscript. The article stresses that this concept is in contradiction with the spirit and letter of the Cartesian tradition; the hypothesis is advanced that this is due to the radically different principle of philosophizing applied here: Cogito ergo sum is replaced by Credo, ergo est. The article present a number of oppositions: consciousness vs. human nature; consciousness vs. image; consciousness vs. living life; the thesis put forward is that the image is a basic instrument of consciousness in Dostoyevsky’s world. Finally, the article raises the problem as to the novel as a philosophical genre and highlights the role of the writer as the founder of this genre.

Germanic Women in the Eyes of Law

Author(s): Katarzyna Buczek / Language(s): English Issue: 7/2018

Germanic laws focused mainly on community and kinship ties, they clearly defined social divisions and organized the life of the community. The law was not to be perceived as a product of the times, it was passed on from generation to generation and conveyed the wisdom of the elder. Every crime against another person or their property, independently of whether it concerned family laws, laws of property or any other laws, had to be compensated in accordance with customary rules as well as the social status of the aggrieved.The paper takes the perspective of social and cultural anthropology and aims to shed some light on the legal situation of women in Germanic laws. The author’s aim is to investigate the position of women and their legal status in Germanic society. The paper compares the situation of young women who remained under the protection of their fathers and brothers with the situation of wives, mothers and finally widows. The author discusses the crimes committed on women and the severity of their punishment that are mentioned in the available manuscripts of legal texts. The paper aims at presenting both the image and legal status of a Germanic woman.

„Wielka teoria piśmienności” – podstawowe założenia, krytyka i problemy metodologiczne

Author(s): Aleksandra Deskur / Language(s): Polish Issue: 7/2018

The article aims to describe the main assumptions of the so-called “Great Theory of Literacy” formulated by authors such as Walter Jackson Ong, Jack Goody, Erick Havelock and other researchers, representing various fields of science (philology, history, anthropology, communication, etc.). The basic assumption of the theory is the existence of profound differences between orality and literacy, which affect the general shape of communication, culture and society. The theory I analyze focuses primarily on confrontation, on contrasting the characteristics of oral and written language, as well as the accompanying mental and communicational contexts. At the same time, it should be noted that the Great Theory of Literacy has provoked many polemic voices that criticize the findings of Ong, Havelock and Goody. In this text I present the most important critical voices and arguments and try to determine to what extent the methodological characteristics of both the Great Theory of Literacy and theories formulated in counteraction to it could contribute to the dispute and to what extent this is a constructive discussion. My main hypothesis concerns the relatively small part of linguistic reflection in the reflection of both theoreticians of the Great Theory of Literacy and their opponents, which can significantly contribute to difficulties with the use of theoretical constructs on the basis of language and communication practice.

To Distort Or Not To Distort: Comparative Analysis Of British And Bulgarian Media Discourse Representations Of Fire Disasters

Author(s): Ivaylo Gorchev / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 1/2021

Using a comparative approach and utilising a slightly refined version of a framework for discourse representation analysis used by Norman Fairclough, the article aims to study the discourse representations of the public inquiry of the Grenfell Tower Fire and a press conference of the railway carrier Bulmarket concerning the Hitrino train derailment and subsequent fiery explosion by the British and the Bulgarian media respectively, with the intent of identifying the extent of deviation from the original sources in the reporting texts and the use of devices for controlling the reader’s perception of the reported discourses. The research shows that the Bulgarian newspapers have adopted to a higher degree the position of interpreters between their readers and the reported sources, since they are less committed to represent the exact form of secondary discourse, even when demarcated as a verbatim quotation and tend to shape its perception by contextualising it within stylistic devices, which allow them to predispose its interpretation by their readers. However, even the British media commitment is not absolute in this respect, as instances of distortions of the secondary discourse and transmissions of the authority of the quoted sources in their texts are also observed, even though to a lesser extent.

Socialist Realism in the Context of Existentialism: D. Tatarka and his Novel The Birthday Cake

Author(s): Marcela Antošová / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2021

This study is a free continuation of our monograph Dominik Tatarka in the context of existentialism, the aim of which was to grasp the central work of D. Tatarka through the perspective of existentialism. Within the interpretive analyzes, however, we did not deal with the writer’s key works of the so-called socialist realism in the mentioned publication, which means the works The First and Second Strike, The Years of Companionship and The Birthday Cake, because they required a separate approach due to their specificity and their relation to the communist regime. We gradually began to compensate the mentioned deficit, the elimination of which will enable a more comprehensive grasp of the existentialism issue in the author’s work, in the form of partial studies. In them, through the view of existentialism, we deal with the works The First and Second Strike and The Years of Companionship. The presented study solves the mentioned problem in the last novel from this line, meaning in the novel The Birthday Cake, and in this direction closes the question of existentialism in Tatarka’s key works of socialist realism.

From Researching to Teaching Organisational Communication: The Application of Communication Audits

Author(s): Justyna Alnajjar / Language(s): English Issue: 6/2017

This paper presents how organisational communication, being an important component of organisational behaviour, can be researched from a linguistic perspective with the help of communication audits. Putting the linguistic viewpoint at the forefront means that apart from using established methods such as interviews and questionnaires, the communication auditor collects and analyses real-life oral and written texts produced by auditees. The paper showcases the results of linguistic research into the communication audit, such as the communication audit model and procedures additional to the linguistic form sheet. Following this the paper presents how these research findings may be utilised in teaching practice in order to familiarise students of linguistics with both organisational communication and organisational behaviour.

Means and Forms of Czech-Polish Semi-Communication via SMS

Author(s): Jarosław Lipowski / Language(s): English Issue: 6/2017

It was Einar Haugen (1966) who introduced into linguistics the term semi-communication. He examined the means of verbal communication in a group of three Scandinavian languages, the interlocutors of which used different language codes in one communication act. Asymmetry of such a discourse is manifested by a communiqué formulated in one mother tongue and perceived by a recipient on the basis of his/her own vernacular code knowledge. This article aims at analysing means and forms of Czech-Polish semi-communication via SMS. The investigation indicates that writers used in their SMS messages intended for the other-language recipients especially those linguistic means, by which they seek to increase the clarity of text messages intended for recipients – speakers of closely related (West Slavonic) languages

A Language Specialist as an Entrepreneur: An Educational Perspective

Author(s): Konrad Klimkowski / Language(s): English Issue: 5/2016

This article is an attempt to prove the need for entrepreneurial education of the future specialists in translation.1It also tries to explain the role of the particular skills of translation service provision, as presented in EMT (2009). Finally, it aims to inspire students and teachers to train the skills by providing a selection of educational activities.

Wspominane, wyobrażone, przesunięte. Rosja i Francja w emigracyjnej korespondencji Zinaidy Gippius

Author(s): Iwona Krycka-Michnowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: XXIII/2021

The topic of this article are the letters of Zinaida Gippius from 1920-1945, which permit one to read the images of Russia and France contained therein as the result of the emigration experience. The analysis of correspondence leads to the conclusion that emigration shapes the identity of the writer, who over the years begins to perceive France as her new home and new homeland. However, in creating her autobiographical place, Gippius does not limit herself to one model. In her correspondence permanently there is a tension between Russian and French fate. Next to the aforementioned and Bolshevik Russia there is the picture of a new, imaginary Russia: free, just, based on the principles of brotherhood.

Słowiańskie "Dzieci szatana" – profetyczna powieść Stanisława Przybyszewskiego

Author(s): Zbigniew Kaźmierczyk / Language(s): Polish Issue: XXIII/2021

This paper discusses the relation between Stanislaw Przybyszewski’s writings and the artistic manifesto Confiteor. It demonstrates that the novel Devil’s Children in the context of the dissertation Devil’s Synagogue implements the manifesto. The analysis of the works reveals the Manichaean deposits of spiritual archeology in Przybyszewski’s characters as Slavs. The analysis demonstrates that only the author is aware of the destructive nature of the radically anti-world theological, cosmological, anthropological, and eschatological dualism. The characters are masks of his subconscious which is brought into daylight. The Slavic children of the Devil, similarly to Fyodor Dostoevsky’s characters, by destroying the world destroy themselves. Their manner of self-destruction is the destruction of the world. They commit suicide, they die of the illness of the soul, they murder, they set fires, and they long for the end of the world in the glowing of fire. Their fates are displayed as a cautionary tale against a regression into the dark subconscious. The lack of individualization, that is the restraint of driving urges and not including them in the structure of personality, is explained by the author of the article to be an eruption of destructiveness predicting the 20th century revolutions and crimes of totalitarianism