Respeaking : aspects techniques, professionnels et linguistiques du sous-titrage en direct

Author(s): Eugeni Carlo / Language(s): English,French Issue: 25 (1)/2020

Respeaking is a fast-writing technique used to produce live subtitles more rapidly than with a standard keyboard. Despite its numerous applications, training courses, conferences, and research projects, studies on respeaking as a tool to promote social inclusion are scarce, especially when it comes to consider the latter in the widest meaning of Universal Design as promoted by the United Nations. In this framework, we have tried to consider Respeaking and Plain Language – whose main aim is satisfying the needs of people with sensory or intellectual disabilities – as tools to provide a service that can benefit a larger audience, people with a “linguistic disability” included. To do so, multiple techniques to produce interlingual live subtitles were tested. Results of a qualitative and quantitative analysis show that, thanks to human-machine interaction, universal accessibility is possible starting from the standard notion of accessibility which is traditionally oriented to special needs only.

Computer Aided Interpreting (CAI) for Conference Interpreters. Concepts, Content and Prospects

Author(s): Martin WILL / Language(s): English Issue: 25 (1)/2020

While specific and relatively uniform software is used in translationthroughout the industry, only a minority of interpreters today uses dedicatedsoftware for their assignments and even less during the creation of the final product,the interpretation. This is even more surprising as there are already solutionsavailable today that make it possible to considerably automate an interpretingassignment. It is argued that many interpreters refuse to use computers forinterpreting or have little idea of the possibilities of Computer Aided Interpreting(CAI) but there is also a certain confusion in literature as regards the usage of theterm “CAI”. Therefore, in the following, an overview of major developments in thisfield and a comparison with translation will be given in order to derive adifferentiated definition of the term “Computer Aided Interpreting”. Subsequently, amodel workflow will be used to demonstrate existing computer based applicationsthat allow already now to considerably automate a complete interpreting assignment.In a further step, these products will be critically evaluated. Finally, an outlook onfuture developments and trends in the field of CAI will be given. The aim of thiscontribution is to give a coherent overview of CAI and thus contribute to its betterunderstanding.

Tęsknota, smutek, żal w dwóch rosyjskich przekładach Pana Tadeusza.

Z dziejów recepcji poematu Mickiewicza w Rosji

Author(s): Leokadia Styrcz-Przebinda / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2019

The articles aims at comparing the ways of expressing sadness, regret and nostalgia in two Russian translations of the Polish Romantic epic poem Pan Tadeusz by Adam Mickiewicz, authored by Zuzanna Mar and Światosław Świacki. A particular attention is drawn to two among the numerous Russian equivalents – ТОСКА and УМИЛЕНИЕ, since these are regarded as unique linguocultural concepts and considered untranslatable. The collected quotations have been collected and are presented in tables, which facilitates the demonstration of the varying translation solutions in the contexts under discussion, as well as capture certain permanent ways of speaking about sadness and nostalgia within the Russian linguistic picture of the world. Also discussed are selected issues of Mickiewicz reception formerly and recently as well as the question of emancipation of translations into full-fledged, independent literary texts which enter the cultural circulation.

Polska roku 1989 na łamach tygodnika „Russkaja Mysl”

Author(s): Bartosz Gołąbek / Language(s): Russian,Polish Issue: 2/2019

The aim of this paper is to present the perspective of Polish reforms of the year 1989 adoptedin the Russian émigré weekly Russkaya Mysl. The editors of the periodical were persuaded topresent the situation of communist Poland thanks to their collaborator – poet and Polish-Russiantranslator Natalya Gorbanevskaya. Her Polish expertise and direct contacts establishedwith Polish dissidents and opposition leaders played a great role in the Polish publications ofRusskaya Mysl: articles, commentaries as well as the coverage of Round Table negotiationsand the elections of 4 June 1989, and finally the first government with non-communist PrimeMinister. All that information was published, without any doubt, due to the favourable attitudeand ideological influence of Natalya Gorbanevskaya herself.

Elementy tricksteriady w dawnych polskich i rosyjskich zwycza-jach kolędniczych

Author(s): Anna Zalewska / Language(s): Polish Issue: XXV/2020

This paper provides a comparative analysis of Polish and Russian carolling activity, which may be considered as a symbolic celebration of “tricksteriada”. Descriptions of carolling customs cultivated in the 19th- and at the beginning of the 20th century, primarily in ethnographic studies, were used as the source material. The issue mentioned above, to date, has not been studied, except quite limited comments concerning the “trickster” nature of masqueraders and their plays. Folk culture, i.e. a syncretic creation, was formed by pagan and Christian elements. In the context of the subject of this paper, rituals such as Christmas and New Year’s carolling prove its Slavic origin. The “supernatural visitors”, dressed as animals and anthropomorphic characters, violate cultural taboos. During carnival the order is reversed and provocative behaviour is acceptable. The carollers, in their role as traveling actors, seem to impersonate jesters in plays.

Особенности и способы перевода названий серий мультфиль-ма Маша и медведь на польский язык

Author(s): Natalya Didenko / Language(s): Russian Issue: XXV/2020

The main name and the set of the headings of Masha and the Bear animated film, as elements of the paratext, play an essential role in determining the characteristic properties of a product. They point to the national and cultural factors conditioning the animated film which manifest themselves on various (audio and video) levels of information transfer. The set of the headings is characterised by a high level of saturation with national and cultural elements such as sayings, phrases, quotations from classic literary works as well as from folklore, quotations from the songs which the Russian audience is familiar with, allusions to films and other television broadcasts. The translation of such names is more difficult and poses a real challenge for the translator. Three types of translation have been observed: literal translation, free translation and substitution. At the same time, it was neutralisation that was the leading strategy of translating headlines containing national and cultural elements. One of the justifications for the approach selected may be the type of the audience – children who – because of their insufficient cognitive experience – will not be able to decipher the coded connotations.

Реализации на категорията "род" на местоименията в българския език като чужд

Author(s): Galina Kurteva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2019

The article presents results from a large-scale study of several grammatical categories that learners of Bulgarian as a foreign language find challenging. The gender forms of the Bulgarian pronouns are discussed and a number of problems they present to non-native learners of the language are elicited via an extensive research programme. A taxonomy of the problems encountered is developed and each error type is amply exemplified. Cases of asymmetrical grammatical forms are explored between Bulgarian and several learner mother tongues.

За някои кодове и подкодове при превод на филмов текст за дублаж

Author(s): Stanimir Michev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2019

The article traces theoretical outlines of the four components of film as a text type: acoustics, visuals, verbal and non-verbal components. An exhaustive account of theories of translation is followed by analysis of Spanish television texts and their translation into Bulgarian with a view of how each code is interpreted and which compensatory mechanisms are employed to make the translation as rich as the original. The article discusses both subtitles and voice-over techniques by developing a taxonomy of the adaptations in the respective translation which should match the original technologically, temporally, spatially and linguistically.

La recrea ción de l humo r de los juegos de palabras en la trad ucción audiov isual. Algunas propuestas prácticas

Author(s): Veneta Sirakova / Language(s): French Issue: 2/2019

The article reveals specific features of the translation from Spanish to Bulgarian of some comic word games/ puns in the American television series Silvana sin lana, especially those based on polysemy and paronymy, neologisms and certain proper names. Based on the requirements presented in the audio-visual translation, several translation proposals are analysed, including different options for translation compensations aimed at generating the same comic impact on the Bulgarian public as the original version exerts on Spanish-speaking viewers. The results show that this objective, however complicated it may seem, in many cases is achievable, although with certain inevitable losses. Nevertheless, on other occasions the word games have practically disappeared from the target text both for purely linguistic reasons, and because of the limitations of audio-visual translation caused by the interpenetration of several codes of different kinds.

"Женитьба" Н. В. Гоголя на болгарской сцене

Author(s): Tatiana Fed / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2019

The article traces a range of performances staging Gogol’s play Marriage in Bulgaria with a special emphasis on the respective translations into Bulgarian. The theory features translation and adaptation mechanisms specifically applied to cultural realia. The staging in the Sofia Theatre is highlighted. The methodology applied belongs to the framework of cross-cultural communication studies and employs cultural-historic and reception approaches.

Методически модел за развиване на уменията за самоконтрол и самооценка при създаване на чуждоезиков писмен текст

Author(s): Penka Avramova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2019

The article presents a methodological model for developing skills of self-monitoring and self-assessment developed by the author. It is based on theoretical premises concerning metacognitive strategies for learning and speaking a foreign language and error analysis of the learners’ interlanguage. The author also reports a pedagogical experiment to test the proposed methodology. The model includes the chain instructions – action – result. The data reveal a significant increase of the level of self-monitoring and assessment.

Kierkegaardův rytíř víry a jeho obraz v románech počátku 20. století

Author(s): Andrea Raušerová / Language(s): Czech Issue: 3/2020

Kierkegaard’s Fear and Trembling analyses the biblical figure of Abraham, who was supposed to sacrifice his son Isaac, an act he calls “a knight of faith’ s conduct”. As other authors add, there are different aspects of behaviour – order, decision, jump, sacrifice and silence. We have borrowed the concept and applied it to two novels: Troje paměti Víta Choráze (The Three Memoirs of Vít Choráz) by Julius Zeyer and Hécate by Pierre Jean Jouve. Both transform this concept but show this knight of faith according to the abovementioned attributes as well.

Skúsenosť lásky a jej diskurz: Marionova fenomenológia a mystika

Author(s): Martin Vašek / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 3/2020

The aim of this article is to approach the proximity of Jean-Luc Marion’s phenomenology to mysticism. Marion’s transcendence to mysticism can be seen in two directions: in the interpretation of Dionysius the Areopagite’s work, and in the understanding of saturated phenomena. Marion claims that Dionysius the Areopagite indicates a new pragmatic function of language, targeting God who overcomes all the names. The discourse of hymn and praise of God does not lie in predicting attributes (positive or negative). It is not a masked prediction, but it is outside the dual framework of true and false. Marion also believes that man, as an image of God, is not equal to his icon. His reflections can be understood and interpreted in such a way that two incomprehensible and loving beings come together in the encounter of God and man. Here we can see the first condition, assumption and the very possibility of mysticism as such. The intersections of phenomenology and literature are obvious, but phenomenology still remains both an invitation and a challenge for literary theory.

Online Coach Development Components: the Tennis Distal Method Coach Development

Author(s): Konstantinos Papageorgiou / Language(s): English Issue: 7s/2020

Taking for granted the new standards in sports in regard to the recent, still-evolving pandemic, Coach Development is seen through a new prism, based on the experience gained from an online tennis Coach Development course. At First, the role of the coach is discussed as an expert generalist and then the ideal components of Coach Development systems are presented. Finally, it is discussed whether these findings may be applied to online learning.

Приповијетке Предрага Степановића (љубавне)

Author(s): Rada B. Stanarević / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 21/2020

In this paper, the author deals with Predrag Stepanović’s short stories, featuring romantic sentiments written in the period of 1965-2005. They discuss autobiographical stories of Nepovrat and Pobijte plave kanarince, taking place in the present day, alongside with an early novel by the same author, Prepolovljeni, since all three texts highlight unfortunate young love. Unlike these three, whose plot is unrelated to the writer’s home country, the following two short stories, Ludačka romansa and Arhetipski krimić, feature past events in Stepanović’s home town of Mohacs (Hungary). This time, however, the writer’s persona is not in the spotlight, it is merely just one of the fictitious narrators, rendering these short stories as not purely autobiographical, although the writer appears as the first-person narrator. Instead, the protagonists in the story of Ludačka romansa are two mentally deranged characters, namely Luda Mara and Kolesar, while the story of Arhetipski krimić is centred around Marika, a famous beauty from ancient times, best known for her ‘wicked’ eyes. In oral tradition, she is thought to be a dragon’s daughter. Using this legend as a starting point in his own story, Stepanović, with great skill, penetrates deeply into the souls and actions of his characters, which results in a series of all-time and irrational archetypal motifs, such as a dragon’s love, witchcraft, and a murder caused by a magic spell. The last of the short stories discussed, with the somewhat mysterious title of Usudne reči, is embedded into the WWII milieu. On the other hand, it is a documentary. It is a known fact that there was the Sarvar concentration camp in old Hungary intended for Serbs (mainly for women, children, and the elderly). At the same time, this is a destiny-revealing story. The plot within a plot depicts a young Serbian woman named Duša and her two sons, who are prisoners in a kamp for 'chetniks' ('Csetniktábor'), and a young married couple from Hungary with a baby girl who hire Duša as househelp. When Duša loses both her sons due to a typhoid epidemic in the camp, she transfers all her love to the baby girl, she sings and talks to her in Serbian with such warmth that her words determine the girl's destiny. The main plot features a mother of a grown-up young woman that tells this story, with the punchline of the story presenting us with the fact that her daughter married the only Serb she had ever met.

Митска светлост у поезији Љубомира Симовића

Author(s): Aleksandra Č. Tomić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 21/2020

Within this paper we perceived the bright mythical spaces in the poetry of Ljubomir Simović. We conclude that the Simović Saint Sava myth is seen as one of those, bright spaces. We proved this claim by observing the songs from the collection Gornji grad, which in one part treats the myth of Saint Sava. In addition, we dealt with the masterpiece of Simovic’s poetry poem-prayer Deset obraćanja Bogorodici trojeručici hilandarskoj.

Бележка за формите на лексемата „български“ в диалектите на Югозападна и Южна Централна Македония

Author(s): Larry-Labro Korolov,Larry Labro Koroloff / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2020

This short article deals with the origin of the lexeme , as well as бугарин, бугарка, бугари the different forms of the adjective бугарцки, which appear in the dialects, spoken in a large area of South Central Macedonia. While it is sometimes accepted that the forms бугарин, бугари and forms бугарски of the in central and north Macedonian dialects, as well as in standard Macedonian norm, codified in 1945 in the former Yugoslavia, are due to Serbian influence, the south central Macedonian forms have a different origin.

Beware the White Rabbit: Tim Burton’s Alice in Wonderland and A. G. Howard’s Splintered as Gothic Cautionary Tales for Young Girls

Author(s): Auba Llompart Pons / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2020

The aim of this article is to speculate on the meaning that Lewis Carroll’s (1865, 1871) Alice’s journey through dark Wonderland has acquired in two examples of contemporary YA fiction, Tim Burton’s 2010 film adaptation and A. G. Howard’s 2013 Splintered novel, both depicting Wonderlands that are more dangerous and threatening than what Carroll himself envisioned in his novels. The study shows how Alice’s gender and the fact that she is now portrayed as an adolescent affect her narrative. Among other reasons, the author of the paper argues that the fact that Carroll’s books feature a girl protagonist who wanders alone in a strange land, together with a long-standing tradition of warning girls against doing precisely this, has resulted in the proliferation of YA narratives that turn Carroll’s ‘golden afternoon’ into a Gothic nightmare.

Surrounded by Spirits: Hauntings of Identity in Waimea Summer by John Dominis Holt

Author(s): Alexander Casey / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2020

In 1976, John Dominis Holt published what would be considered the first novel by a Kanaka Maoli [Native Hawaiian] author in English, Waimea Summer. This coming-of-age narrative set in 1930’s Hawai‘i follows fourteen-year-old Mark Hull, a half White, half Kanaka Maoli boy who experiences a series of hauntings on his uncle’s farm, all the while grappling with a burgeoning queer identity and conflicted cultural loyalties. In the post American-occupied Hawai‘i, the teachings of Christian missionaries and anti-sodomy laws have all but eradicated the aikāne [homosexual] relationships practiced by the ali‘i [royals] of Marks’ genealogy, and yet the boy’s queer desires refuse to die. In this paper, the novel is interpreted through Laura Westengard’s theory of the queer Gothic, in which concepts of the American nuclear heterosexual family are challenged by the burgeoning past, thus returning the narrative and agency to the queer Indigenous subject.

Groza doświadczania. Sytuacja graniczna jako obrzęd przejścia w inicjacji dojrzałościowej na przykładzie sztuki dla młodzieży Pacamambo Wajdiego Mouawada

Author(s): Katarzyna Mazur-Lejman / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2020

The article is a study of Pacamambo (2000), a play by Canadian writer Wajdi Mouawad, which combines the features of an initiation drama with horror elements and shows the nightmare of growing up through unexpected encounters with death. The author shows an analogy between the structure of the rite of passage, proposed by Arnold van Gennep and deepened by Victor Turner, and the aspects related to experiencing oneself in a limit situation in terms of Karl Jaspers and to the poetics of horror. On this basis, she proposes to isolate the tragic model of adolescence (next to the classic – idyllic and romantic – suffering) in which the role of traditional rites is replaced by a limit experience. She indicates that this is a model that we can often come across in contemporary young adult dramas and even in plays for children. She also distinguishes the concept of initiation drama, which still remains outside the area of interest of literary scholars.