Hrvatski naglasni sustav između deskriptivnoga i preskriptivnoga pristupa

Author(s): Domagoj Vidović / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 1/2020

The paper describes different systems of accentuation with a special emphasis on two dictionaries, viz. Školski rječnik hrvatskoga jezika and Hrvatski mrežni rječnik – Mrežnik. It focuses on four issues: 1. the approach to accentuation rules of the standard language in language manuals, 2. the question of the usage norm with an overview on the inventory of accents and the dialectological picture, 3. the normative hierarchy in the accentuation norm, and 4. examples of accentuated forms from these two dictionaries.

Od gramatike do komunikacije i natrag - primjer zanaglasnih dužina

Author(s): Blaženka Martinović / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 1/2020

Normative manuals have deviated least from the so-called classical accentuation, in particular in the case of post-tonic length. Changes have only been made in modern grammars in which “grammar” is separated from “communication”, thereby implying a different status of length in communication (i.e. in usage). Since length is linked, among others, with certain suffixes and grammatical endings but is the first to be reduced in speech when wordfinal, the gap between usage and codified norm appears even greater. We perform a comparative analysis of various manuals to establish whether they have considered the realisation of the post-tonic length in communication. Also, by analyzing usage (in speakers with a pitch-accent and a stess-accent system) we draw attention to places where length is more (un)stable, and propose explanations for length becoming more and more attenuated or even disappearing as one turns away from grammar to focus on communication.

Zanaglasne dužine u osječkom govoru

Author(s): Lorna Rajle,Elenmari Pletikos Olof,Blaženka Martinović / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 1/2020

One of the unstable spots of the Croatian orthoepic norm is the accentual system and the pronunciation of post-accentual lengths. Recent research on Croatian speech indicates that long and short post-accentual syllables in Croatian urban dialects are mostly not distinguished, and even in the dialects with the Neoštokavian four-accent system the long postaccentual syllables are being reduced (Pletikos Olof 2013). This phenomenon is frequently attributed to the markedness and the low level of prestige of post-accentual lengths among speakers of Croatian (Škarić & Lazić 2002). Because the standard norm should determine the stylistically neutral and the unmarked, linguists quietly accept the lapse from the regulations in this segment. In the light of studying Croatian urban dialects, this paper aims to describe the realizations of post-accentual lengths in the speech of Osijek, particularly in genitive and instrumental cases of e-declension nouns, in some suffixes, and in the present tense and definite adjective forms. The results are compared with the lengths produced by a model speaker of Standard Croatian when she is intentionally producing and not producing the length. The lengths in her speech are taken as a reference point for the categories of long and short. Previous research has shown that in Osijek, whose speech belongs to the Neoštokavian four-accent system, the lengths not immediately following rising accents most commonly disappear, and the lengths following rising accents weaken (but they do not disappear), especially those following the long-rising accent (Benić 2007). Still, a systematic description of post-accentual lengths for the mentioned word categories does not exist. This research is based on the speech analysis of people from Osijek who read sentences saturated with words with lengths. The results have shown that there is a tendency to reduce post-accentual lengths in certain forms, but the phenomenon is rather rare after rising accents.

Dvosložni i trosložni prijedlozi kao toničke riječi u osječkom govoru

Author(s): Lorna Rajle / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 1/2020

One of the widely discussed problems of the orthoepic standard is the rule of the accent retraction to the proclitic when the tonic word has a descending accent, because in the Croatian standard there is inconsistency in relation to the „(non)obligatory shift of accents and the neutrality of such spoken realisations ...“ (Martinović 2018). Around the middle of the last century, it was observed that in the phrase consisting of the proclitic and the tonic word, the accent retraction depended on the length of the clitic and that it was more often performed when the clitic was shorter. This led to the rule of accent retraction in case of one-syllable and two-syllable clitics, whereas in words with three or more syllables the accent does not need to be retracted. However, this “adjusted” rule was not followed at that time and has not been followed since then, not even in the spoken language of some native speakers of the New Shtokavian variety. Delaš (2003) reports that New Shtokavian speakers retract the accent to the one-syllable preposition but they do not do so with two-syllable or multi-syllable prepositions. Therefore, the problem of accent retraction to the proclitic may be viewed not only in regard to the length of the tonic word, but also in regard of the length of the proclitic. Although the accent realisations of native speakers do not necessarily become part of the orthoepic norm, in order for the rule to become established, it is important to know the speech habits of as many speakers as possible, from different dialectal backgrounds. The paper describes the accentuating habits of Osijek residents with special reference to expressions in which the accentuated whole is made of a preposition with the personal, demonstrative, and reflexive pronoun. Its purpose is to establish whether preposition length in these phrases is related to the accent retraction to the proclitic.

Anna Gondek, Joanna Szczęk (ur.). 2019. Phraseologie und Parömiologie der (Un)Höflichkeit. Sektionsbeiträge der internationalen EUROPHRAS-Tagung in Białystok/Polen, 10.–12. September 2018.

Author(s): Anita Pavić Pintarić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 1/2020

Review of: Anna Gondek, Joanna Szczęk (ur.). 2019. Phraseologie und Parömiologie der (Un)Höflichkeit. Sektionsbeiträge der internationalen EUROPHRAS-Tagung in Białystok/Polen, 10.–12. September 2018. Hamburg: Verlag Dr. Kovač, ISBN 978-3-339-11108-1, str. 395.

Delibegović Džanić, Nihada; Berberović, Sanja. 2019. Conceptual Integration Theory in Idiom Modifications

Author(s): Marija Omazić / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2020

Review of: Delibegović Džanić, Nihada; Berberović, Sanja. 2019. Conceptual Integration Theory in Idiom Modifications. Valencia: Publicacions de la Universitat de València, ISBN 978-84-9134-534-3, 126 pp.

Metafora na razmeđu koncepata, jezika i diskursa

Author(s): Mateusz-Milan Stanojević / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 2/2020

This paper presents “a third way” between seeing metaphor as a conceptual or a discursive phenomenon. Metaphor is presented as the ability to metaphorize which is common and global, but which depends on local factors in a significant way. The following linguistic factors which have an impact on metaphor are mentioned: explicitness or implicitness of metaphors, different metaphoricity of different grammatical forms and lexical characteristics of source-domain expressions. On the level of discourse, metaphorical clusters and the role of metaphor in the creation of emotional styles are dealt with. The presented views are situated among contemporary theories of metaphor, especially the three-dimensional metaphor theory presented by Gerard Steen, and Kövecses’s contextual model. The paper ends with an overview of methodological consequences of the presented viewpoint for the research of metaphor.

Truth Written in Verse: Transmediations of Scientific Discourse in Swedish Ecopoetry

Author(s): Emma Tornborg / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2020

The article discusses transmediation of truth claims and truthfulness in ecopoetry and takes as example the poetry collection Permafrostens avtagande (The Declining of the Permafrost, 2007) by Swedish poet Åsa Maria Kraft. The aim of the article is twofold: First, to study how transmediation of scientific source material (which in this context includes all kinds of media that represent a scientific content in a formal matter: newspaper articles, scientific reports, documentaries etc.) affects the perceived and real truthfulness of a poem. Second, to discuss what ecopoetry gains – both aesthetically and in its perceived truthfulness and urgency – by transmediating content and/or form from scientific source media. Truth claims are not identical with truthfulness. Subjective truth claims in literature have to do with conveying a sense of sincerity and authenticity: we believe that the represented thoughts and emotions have actually been experienced. As I have stated elsewhere (Tornborg 2020), I regard objective truth claims in literature as being either something that we “by means of experience and habit” ascribe to the text or “claims made in the text, in various ways, implicit or explicit, of being truthful about external conditions” (9).A media product can transmediate a specific type of scientific jargon without transmediating a scientific content, and thus create what Gunn Enli (2015) calls “authenticity illusions” (1), but not real truthfulness. Thus, a text can fool us, and since no text can guarantee its own truthfulness, I believe that the only way to prove it is to include external references that in turn can be validated. This line of thought should be put in relation to the Heideggerian way of regarding poetic truth: as a kind of secular revelation (Roger Scruton 2015, 149). In this tradition of thinking, poetic truth is something different compared to what we usually mean by the word. Instead it denotes a deeper understanding of the essence of things. Transmediations of representations of scientific knowledge affect poetry both aesthetically and in terms or truthfulness. The article uses intermedial theory to disentangle the media relations in play in Kraft’s book, as well as to shed light over the issue of real truthfulness in poetry, with the purpose of better understanding the ecopoetic usage of science.

A Quantitative Analysis of the Romanian Translations of Shakespeare’s Bawdy Puns

Author(s): Anca Simina Martin / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2020

This article proposes a quantitative analysis of the Romanian translations of 325 ribald Shakespearean puns, which originate in 20 plays and 71 renditions, with special focus on assessing the impact of translator-subjective and objective factors on the rendition process in the pre-communist, communist, and post-communist periods. The findings invalidate several widespread beliefs: Dragoș Protopopescu’s renditions, banned by the communist regime for their ‘modernizing’ approach to the Shakespearean text, bowdlerized more bawdy puns than ‘ESPLA’, which replaced it as the Party-approved Romanian edition of the dramatist’s plays; Adolphe Stern’s translations, harshly criticized in his period, fare better in terms of ribald pun rendition than Scarlat Ghica’s and Dimitrie Ghica’s, hailed as the most successful of their time; modern translations of Shakespeare display a heterogeneous distribution of target-text puns across the surveyed rendition strategies, despite enjoying similar availability of and access to pun translation studies.

The Affective Geography of Paris in the 19th Century Romanian Novel: Between Admiration and Aversion

Author(s): David Morariu / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2020

Based on “The Emotions of London”, a research project initiated at the Stanford Literary Lab, my article focuses on two relevant issues. First of all, I aim to demonstrate, as the “geography of emotions” experiment has already proved, that distant reading approaches and big data interpretation do not necessarily have to replace traditional methods of analysis. In other words, by using a corpus of 157 texts, I intend to outline the affective image of Paris as presented in the nineteenth century Romanian novel. Secondly, the aspect that makes my article different from “The Emotions of London” is that my purpose does not lie in analysing emotions associated with certain place-names in Paris, but with the overall image of the city, because Paris is an “abstract”, rather than a “concrete”, presence in the Romanian novel of this period. Another hypothesis that I will address is the interpretation of the emotions towards Paris, taking into account the two tendencies characteristic for the Romanian culture of the nineteenth century, namely the self-colonial tendency and the anti-colonial one.

Ștefan FIRICĂ, Autenticitatea, sensuri și nonsensuri. Teorii românești interbelice în contexte europene [Authenticity, Sense and Non-Sense. Interwar Romanian Theories in European Context], Tracus Arte, 2019

Author(s): Emanuel Lupașcu-Doboș / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2020

ЕПИГРАФСКИ ДИАЛОЗИ 1. ПРОУЧВАНИЯТА НА ЧЕРНОГЛАВСКИЯ МАНАСТИР И АРХИВЪТ НА ТОДОР БАЛАБАНОВ

Author(s): Nikolay Nikolov,Veselin Panayotov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 20/2020

The present article sets the beginning of a series of “dialogues” about the epigraphic records of the monastery in the village of Chernoglavtsi, Shumen region. The archeological archive of T. Balabanov allows interpretation of the records both from purely linguistic and from historical cultural viewpoint. The dialogic lies in the fluctuation between the various possible linguistic hypotheses on which is based the attempt to trace the historical context of the source material that has reached us, to specify each examined element (fragment), as well as its function. What we find particularly important is the logical connection of all details in the space in which they are located or which they share with other texts or images.

СТАРОБЪЛГАРСКАТА ХИМНОГРАФИЯ И ЕПИГРАФИКА КАТО ЕЗИКОВИ ДОКУМЕНТИ

Author(s): Regina Koycheva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 20/2020

The article consists of two parts. The first one, based on hymnographic and epigraphic data, examines the question of when the Old Bulgarian language began to lose the week ъ and ь, and finds out that this process did not start at the end of the IX century, as stated in a number of monographs and textbooks, but at the earliest during the first half of the X century. This means that the bilingual inscription on the tomb of Lasaros in Pliska, which inscription contains the form рап (< рабъ), cannot be dated to the end of the ninth century, as is made in some scholarly studies. The second part of the article proposes a new reading of the inscription on the handle of the pitcher, which was discovered in 1955 in Pliska by Stamen Mihaylov. The text is read as a mixed Cyrillic-runic one, which contains technical information related to the practice of pottery studios. One of the runes used in the inscription is present in the runic script from the Yenisey River basin in Siberia, and thus connects the Proto-Bulgarians who inhabited Danube Bulgaria with the mentioned Asian region.

ПАЛЕОГРАФСКИ ПРИНОС: ВИЗАНТИЙСКИЯТ ПЪРВООБРАЗ НА ПОДЧЕРТАНАТА „БЕТА“

Author(s): Plamen Orfeev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 20/2020

The underlined letter "beta" is to be found in the Byzantine paleography much earlier than the 9th century - e.g. the golden ring seal of Khan Kubrat in the treasure of Malaya Pereschepina (602), cup No. 20 in the Asparuh treasure of Nagyszentmiklós (693), the lead seals of khan Tervel (705), Umor (766) and Telerig (768). The earliest example is the mint golden solidus of Emperor Justinian I the Great, from the period 542-552. It was imprinted twice on the reverse side, with the characteristic letter "beta" in the Latin inscription CON (stantinopolis) OB (rizyacum). Above, the winged Victoria, presents the scepter of the Emperor and the shepherd’s staff to the Patriarch of Constantinople. The two insignias are depicted for the first time together and can be interpreted as a political and spiritual victory of Orthodoxy over the heresies in the context of Justinian's policy of reviving the Empire after the subjugation of the Ostrogoths Arians in 540.

СЕМАНТИЧНИ И МОРФОЛОГИЧНИ КАЛКИ ВЪВ ВТОРИЯ (АТОНСКИЯ) ПРЕВОД НА „ЧЕТИРИ СЛОВА ПРОТИВ АРИАНИТЕ“ ОТ АТАНАСИЙ АЛЕКСАНДРИЙСКИ В ПРЕПИСА НА ГАВРИЛО ВЕНЦЛОВИЧ „РАЗГЛАГОЛНИК“ ОТ 1734 Г.

Author(s): Pirinka Penkova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 20/2020

The second Slavonic translation of Athanasius of Alexandria’s "Orationes against the Arians" was made directly from Greek, without reference to the canonical books revised in the 10th and 14th centuries, but in abidance with the orthographic and grammatical standards of the 14th century reform. The translator literally follows the structure and the semantic of the Greek words and sentences, although he was familiar with the translation of Constantine of Preslav. For the first time excerpts from the Serbian Version of the Athonian translation are published in comparison with the old Bulgarian text.

Фикционалното изграждане на субектните светове в творчеството на Павел Вежинов и Ладислав Фукс от 60-те и 70-те години на ХХ в.

Author(s): Boris Iliev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 105/2020

A part of the critical tradition on the works of Pavel Vezhinov and Ladislav Fuks emphasizes a specific way of confluence between real and unreal in their writings from the 60s and the 70s of the 20th century. The main thesis of this study claims that this happens not only in the frame of the fictional worlds but also inside them as a structure called here: ‘inscribed subjective fictionality’. Some of the tasks of this study are: to clarify theoretically the terms connected to the interaction between real and unreal; to analyze the occurrence of fictional worlds in the literary works; to analyze the construction of inscribed fictionality and to define its place in the texts; to find the position of the inscribed fictionality in the literary and cultural context in the second half of the 20th century.

Review of Heresy in Late Medieval Germany: the Inquisitor Petrus Zwicker and the Waldensians, by Reima Välimäki (Heresy and Inquisition in the Middle Ages, 6) Woodbridge, Suffolk: York Medieval Press, 2019.Pp. xii, 225

Author(s): Olga Kalashnikova / Language(s): English Issue: 105/2020

Volksdeutsche w dystrykcie lubelskim w ramach interpretacyjnych „Krakauer Zeitung” w latach 1939-1944

Author(s): Katarzyna Wójcik / Language(s): Polish Issue: XXII/2020

The framing process based on highlighting selected aspects of reality, and on attributing them with significance when disseminating particular ideologies, ideas, and values as a vital element in the media control over released content, is the subject of research at the intersection of media studies and political science. This article attempts to analyse framing with respect to articles published in “Krakauer Zeitung” between 1939 and 1944 and concerning Volksdeutsche in the Lublin District, i.e., to reconstruct the structure of portraying this group of people, aiming at presenting specified propa-ganda contents, and a unified interpretation and assessment of reality.

Pasażerowie w tajnym języku personelu pokładowego

Author(s): Beata Marta Kopecka / Language(s): Polish Issue: XXII/2020

This article is devoted to the linguistic analysis of terms referring to air passengers in the language of flight attendants. The term secret language denotes a subsection of the aviation slang used by cabin crews to communicate information meant not to be understood by passengers. The analysis, aiming at discovering the motivation for the creation of such terms, focuses on the role of metaphor and metonymy. Metaphor and metonymy are treated in accordance with the assumptions of cognitive linguistics.

Tłumaczenie dydaktyczne w nauczaniu języka francuskiego na poziomie szkolnym – między teorią a praktyką pedagogiczną (na przykładzie nauczycieli języka francuskiego w województwie śląskim)

Author(s): Halina Chmiel-Bożek / Language(s): Polish Issue: XXII/2020

Despite the growing number of publications devoted to the potential of translation in modern teaching of foreign languages, in practice pedagogic translation is seen equivocally. This article is an attempt to confront the present-day discourse on pedagogic translation with school practice. Based on the results of a survey con-ducted in the first half of 2019 among teachers of French in the Silesian Voivodeship, the article presents teachers’ opinions on: 1) perceiving pedagogic translation on the basis of knowledge gained during studies and teaching trainings, 2) the purposes of using translations during foreign language classes, and 3) the factors which hinder the introduction of such exercises.