Can Humans survive the Anthropocene? An Eco-Rhytmological Approach

Author(s): István Berszán / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2019

This paper proposes an ecocritical approach based on a practice-oriented physics of literature. Considering Henri David Thoreau’s romantic transcendentalism and contemporary trends of ecocriticism as experiments of practical orientation, it examines the immanent kinetic spaces which are supposed to encompass all their alternatives. By distinguishing different rhythmic “strata,” eco-rhythmology reveals that Anthropocene-generated climate change or dramatically diminishing biodiversity are not the only actual time directions. While arguing that technological or political solutions are not enough to modify them, this proposal underlines the need of rhythmical shifts in our practice. The second part of the paper shows, through examples taken from the poetry of contemporary British poet Philip Gross and the author’s Land-Rover Book experiments, how attempts like thinking together with the waters and the liquid muds of an estuary or writing and reading together with the more-than-human environment can change the time directions of Anthropocene destruction and discover common rhythms with our ecosystem.

Galin Tihanov, The Birth and Death of Literary Theory: Regimes of Relevance in Russia and Beyond, Stanford, Stanford University Press, 2019

Author(s): Daiana Gârdan / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2019

Z terminologii starego folkloru rosyjskiego (alatyr’, plakún, erek, gorezovica)

Author(s): Wanda Budziszewska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 5/1992

Analiza etymologii czterech nazw przyrodniczych funkcjonujących w tekstach starego folkloru rosyjskiego. Są to: alatyr’, plakún, erek, gorezovica. Aby jak najpełniej ukazać znaczenia owych terminów, autorka analizuje teksty pieśni, legend, zamawiań, chrześcijańskich podań i rosyjskich wierzeń ludowych, w których jest o nich wzmianka. Pierwszy z nich – alatyr’ – to biały lub żółty kamień o właściwościach leczniczych i magicznych, występujący zazwyczaj w morzu (bursztyn). Plakún ‘tawuła’, ‘wierzbówka’ – roślina, dzięki której można wywołać płacz nieczystych duchów; erek ‘kurzyślad’ to ziele, któremu przypisywano magiczną własność czynienia człowieka niedostrzegalnym, a także ochronę przed chorobami oczu. Ostatni wyraz gorezovica (złożony z gore ‘bieda, nieszczęście; smutek’ i formacji utworzonej od czasownika zvat’, zovu ‘przyzywać’) oznacza istotę ‘przyzywającą nieszczęście’, a za takie istoty uważano czarownice, którym przypisywano również zdolność latania na miotle i kontakty z diabłami.

FRACTALS IN ASSASIN'S CREED

Author(s): Victoria Vestić,Simon Ryle / Language(s): English Issue: 12/2019

This essay explores the fractal narrative structure of the popular video game Assassin’s Creed (2008). It theorizes a mode of fractal analysis of narration. It explores the existence of a political dimension to fractal aesthetics in Assassin’s Creed in particular, which it claims is alert to important biopolitical insights concerning the situation of contemporary digital power. Drawing from Timothy Morton’s analysis of hyperobjects, it argues that fractals pertain to vital contemporary political questions. Analysing Steven Shaviro’s concept of modulation, the essay finds fractal analysis to be alert to contemporary questions of digital biopolitics. The essay claims that the fractal narrative structure of Assassin’s Creed constitutes an innovative recognition of the biopolitics of video game playing.

PIRANDELLO OVVERO LA MELODIA DELL’ ALTROVE

Author(s): Sara Loranzetti / Language(s): Italian Issue: 12/2019

The paper aims at studying the relationship between literature and music in Pirandello’s Novelle per un anno, an aspect of the work that scholars not developed so far. Firstly, the paper examines the short stories where musical references occur; secondly, it analyses the selected texts, using Wolf’s intermediality to understand the artistic conception they imply and how they can be put in relation to Pirandello’s essays.

ЕКСПРЕСИВНИ ЕЗИКОВИ СРЕДСТВА В БЛОГОВЕ НА ЖУРНАЛИСТИ

Author(s): Kalina Lukova,Veselina Vateva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2019

The study focuses on the expressive language means in the blogs of famous Bulgarian journalists. The first part discusses the phraseologies in the blog of Veselina Sedlarska and the phraseologies and occasionalisms in the blogs of Dr. Filipov, Ivo Indzhev and Lyuben Dilov, Jr. The subject of research are texts from 2018. The phraseological locutions are analyzed from the point of view of the changes made therein by the authors compared to their vocabulary form. Their semantics and expressive effect are explained. Analyzed are the ways of word formation used for the creation of occasioanlisms. It is rarely only one way, more often there are two or three ways used in combination. The semantics of each of the author’s neologisms is explained. The second part of the study encompasses a corpus of quotations, excerpted from the blogs of Ivo Indzhev, Veselina Sedlarska and Lyuben Dilov, Jr. in Facebook for the period January – September 2018. Three types of analysis are used – quantitative, qualitative and comparative. As a result of the research stylistic means characterizing the authors' styles were identified. The stylistic similarity between the bloggers is commented throughout the comparative analysis, as well as the individual differences. The parallel presence of these blog styles is problematized also in the aspect of their strong impact in social media and online communication.

КАКИМ «РУКАВОМ» УТИРАЛА ЯРОСЛАВНА КРОВАВЫЕ РАНЫ ИГОРЯ (К ВОПРОСУ О ПОЭТИКЕ «СЛОВА О ПОЛКУ ИГОРЕВЕ»)

Author(s): Lidia V. Sokolova / Language(s): English,Russian Issue: 4/2019

There still remain some “obscure passages” in the “Tale of Igor’s Campaign” that have no convincing interpretation. However, even those interpretations that seemed quite clear, sometimes need a revision. The article aims at specifying the meaning of the phrase “biebryan sleeve”, present in Yaroslavna’s Lament. Upon completion of the research work by N. A. Meshchersky, it was commonly accepted that “biebryan” means here ‘made of byssus, silk’. Recently, however, this idea as well as the very presence of the word “biebryan” in the original text of the Tale was called into question. It is necessary to find out whether this doubt is well-grounded. The meaning of the word “rukav” (sleeve) did not raise doubts among researchers. It was accepted that it means a sleeve of a female dress. To correlate this meaning with the context the word is used in, researchers had to presume that Yaroslavna wiped clean Igor’s bleeding wounds with a sleeve of a long sleeve shirt. It is arguable, however, that this is exactly a sleeve and not any other part of a female dress. To understand the meaning of the phrase one needs to take into account research works on the history of the Byzantine and Old Russian dress, the phrase berchat sleeve found in bylinas, and Serbian songs about warriors (“yunatski”) where female characters “wipe clean” and bandage wounds of heroes.

Дескрипција осеђања помођу температурне лексике у роману „На сунчаној страни“ Иве Андриђа

Author(s): Tijana Balek / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 4/2019

The paper is concerned with the way emotions are denoted by temperature lexemes in Ivo Andrić’s novel Na sunčanoj strani. There are two groups of emotions that can be denoted by the lexemes discussed: positive and negative. The group of negative emotions predominates in the novel, mainly related to anger and conflicts, yet there are a few examples of emotional and physical pain. On the other hand, although they are underrepresented in the corpus, there are examples of positive emotions – sobriety and joy.

ЕЗИКОВИ НОРМИ В БИЗНЕС КОМУНИКАЦИИТЕ

Author(s): Galya Hristozova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 02 BG/2019

The day-to-day activities of an institution include conversations, negotiations, clarifications; different types of documents and business letters are written, correspondence and telephone conversations are carried out. The various documents created need to be registered, archived, etc. This requres a good knowledge of the basic orthographic, pronunciation and etiquette rules. The article comments on and analyses some of the literary language norms of the Bulgarian language that have to be observed in business communications. They refer to the basic orthographic and grammar rules: the agreement of polite forms - an essential part of the Bulgarian speech etiquette; the use of the “short form” and the “long form” of the definite article for the masculine singular nouns with consonant endings; the count form('broyna forma') which is used only with masculine nouns for non-persons; the 'я'/ja/ and 'е'/e/ alterations of the Old Bulgarian “yat” vowel; the spelling of some of the verb endings, word stress. Indicative examples of deviations and violations are provided as well as easily comprehensible methods of applying the rules. The author has designed algorithms for some of the rules.

Категория рода русских существительных в гендерном аспекте: парадигматический и синтагматический потенциал

Author(s): Małgorzata Łuczyk,Galina Panova / Language(s): Russian Issue: XXI/2019

This article proposes a gender classification of Russian declinable nouns. The following aspects are discussed:1. The way in which nouns are connected with gender semantics: factually, when the gender stem is part of their lexical meaning structure, or potentially;2. the level at which the semantics is rendered: the level of the word (within the lexeme stem or the entire word form) or the level of the syntagma;3. the semantic nature: the meaning of the biological or the symbolic gender that is present in the anthropomorphic reflection of the world.

Гармонизация языкового знака микрополя ЛЮБИМЫЙ в русском языке

Author(s): Svetlana Kolesnikova,Elena Burskaya / Language(s): Russian Issue: XXI/2019

The modern scientific view of the world often focuses attention on general universal concepts and categories that reflect the conceptual perception of reality. This article defines the structural-semantic organization of the concept “Lyubov” and the qualitative positive characteristics of the “Lyubimyj” microfield contained in it. The experience of the lexicographic description of the considered units is presented as well as synonymic-antonymic relations and the formed gradual oppositions are also described. The authors established grading scales-signs of the microfield “Lyubimyj”, which made it possible to identify a tendency towards the conformity between sound and meaning during pairwise matching of the units in question and to demonstrate the harmonization of the linguistic sign.

Idea przeobrażenia świata w środowisku rosyjskiej inteligencji

Author(s): Zbigniew Kaźmierczyk / Language(s): Polish Issue: XXI/2019

This paper displays the birth of the Russian intelligentsia and demonstrates the differences between educated people and members of the intelligentsia. It proves that each member of the intelligentsia is educated, while not every educated person is a member of the intelligentsia. Such a person needs to be fanatically devoted to the idea of the emancipation of the people, which is followed by atheists. The paper distinguishes the Russian intelligentsia and the Polish intelligentsia. It discovers the destructiveness of the intelligentsia based on the Gnostic-Manichaean foundation. It emphasizes the anti-worldness of the secularization of religious beliefs and ideas which are averse to the world as such. It proves that the Russian idea of the world transformation is motivated by destructive desires: hatred towards life, towards existence in bodily and physical mortal life. The author of the paper proves that the response to the destructive potential of the idea of the absolute world transformation triggered the beginnings of the Russian religious rebirth – the return to the metahistorical dimension of the Russian idea.

Ugniatanie materii słownej „jak ogromnej dzieży ciasta”, czyli schulzowskie porównania w tłumaczeniu na język hiszpański

Author(s): Barbara Galant / Language(s): Polish Issue: XXI/2019

One of the markers of Bruno Schulz’s style is the simile. It plays two roles in the poetic prose of the author: on the one hand, it confronts two phenomena in a concise and conventional manner; on the other, it compares, quite unexpectedly, two events, living creatures or objects, which seem to have nothing in common. In this article I analyze excerpts of three Spanish translations in order to identify techniques used to render this trope, to verify the consequences of the omission of the linking words, and to investigate whether Spanish readers will be able to recreate the same or a similar image to the one evoked in the original.

Grenzen der Apokalypse. Katastrophische Visionen bei Krzysztof Varga und Hannes Stein

Author(s): Jolanta Pacyniak / Language(s): German Issue: XXI/2019

The aim of this article is to analyze two novels, namely Nagrobek z lastryko(A Terrazzo Tomb) by Krzysztof Varga and Der Komet (The Comet). Despite the differ-ences that occur between the two novels (a dystopian version of the future in the former, and an alternative history in the latter), the predicted end of the world does not take place, while the apocalypse blurs. Equally resistant to change is also the existing societal structure as the catastrophe does not bring a new hierarchy. Both novels use the images of WWII as the pattern to create the literary vision of a total disaster.

Każda droga ma kres (tragiczna przystań reemigrantki Mariny Cwietajewej w Jełabudze w świetle Dzienników Gieorgija Efrona)

Author(s): Grzegorz Ojcewicz / Language(s): Polish Issue: XXI/2019

This paper presents the last few days in the life of Marina Tsvetaeva spent in Yelabuga, which eventually led the writer to commit suicide. The notes included in the diary of her son, Georgy Efron, are an important and original source of knowledge on Tsvetaeva’s mental and physical state. The 16-year-old boy’s reaction to the death of his mother may come as a surprise if a broader social and biographical context (a migrant and remigrant biography of the poetess and her teenage son as well as the reality of the Stalinist country, where – contrary to the assurances made by the propaganda – there was no safe haven for people returning from post-Revolution exile) is not taken into consideration.

Книжники-старообрядцы из пижемского рода Бобрецовых

Author(s): Tatyana Volkova / Language(s): Russian Issue: XXI/2019

This article analyses online database resources concerning the creators and followers of the 18th-20th centuries manuscript writing traditions in the present day region of Ust-Tsilma in the Komi Republic, in villages situated along the Pechora River and its tributaries, the Pizhma River and the Tsilma River. The analysis focuses on the materials concerning the Old Believers’ bibliophiles from the Bobretsov family who lived in Pizhma. They greatly contributed to preserving book collections in the region. There are 22 such people known, among whom owners of manuscripts collections and readers of old books can be found, including the writer A.F. Bobretsov, the author of Books as Keepsakes, a book in which he describes his being a sailor on the tsarist yacht “The North Star” in 1893-1899.

Характерни особености на възрожденската кодификация на българския книжовен език

Author(s): Kina Vachkova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 17/2019

In this paper are presented the characteristic peculiarities of the codification of new Bulgarian literary language during the Renaissance – the period of its formation from the middle of 18 century until the beginning of 20 century. The normalization and the codification of the literary language connected with it is an element of the linguistic program of Bulgarian Renaissance. The efforts of the Bulgarian literary men searching language norms and their codification are realized on the background of specific extralinguistic and linguistic factors and they are clearly distinguished compared with the similar processes carried out at this time with other languages mainly Slavonic and Balkan languages.

Eзикът на „Кратко поучение за холера“ на Христо Г. Данов

Author(s): Ivo Bratanov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 17/2019

The report is written in connection to the language of the book “Kratko pouchenie za holera” (“Short lesson about cholera”) translated by the Bulgarian Revival writer Christo G. Danov. The report exposes the peculiarities of the language of this text. The review shows that translator contributes to the approval of a series of norms, inherent to the contemporary Bulgarian language.

Alternativna leksikografija i antirječnici u Bosni i Hercegovini

Author(s): Halid Bulić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 10/2020

The present paper discusses alternative lexicography in Bosnia and Herzegovina, its current state and the forms in which it is manifested. These are the texts, that is, lists of words that are named or organized as dictionaries, but in which the definitions and descriptions of the meanings and usages of particular terms are very different by style or content from the definitions presented in conventional lexicography. The most representative works of alternative lexicography in Bosnia and Herzegovina are three larger wordlists that have been published as a separate book or as larger book chapters. These are Nenad Veličković’s Seksikon, Muhidin Šarić’s Rječnik zapretanih riječi u bosanskom jeziku and Ero Gag: Mala zbirka hercegovačkog žargona by an unknown group of authors. Seksikon defines the terms related to human sexuality in a humorous way, while at the same time criticizing different stereotypes and prejudices related to sexuality. The definitions in the book Rječnik zapretanih riječi u bosanskom jeziku are rhymed quatrains which, in entertaining style, explain the meaning of some regionally specific words or archaisms, or words “covered by the ashes (of oblivion)” (an approximate meaning of zapretan). The book Ero Gag: Mala zbirka hercegovačkog žargona defines words from a variety of thematic groups that are claimed to belong to the Herzegovinian jargon, though many of them are also used in conversational style outside Herzegovina. The presented dictionaries differ in form, content, style and size, so that they give us a thorough insight into the potential of alternative lexicography. The main aim of the paper is to shed light on the current state of the alternative lexicography in Bosnia and Herzegovina and to lay the groundwork for its further study.

Profesionalni, stručni i naučno-istraživački rad Marine Katnić-Bakaršić

Author(s): Adijata Ibrišimović Šabić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 10/2020

The paper highlights the professional and expert scientific research of the member of the Academy of Sciences and Arts of Bosnia and Hezegovina, full-time professor at the Faculty of Philosophy, University of Sarajevo, Ms. Marina Katnić-Bakaršić. Special emphasis is drawn to the author’s monographs, as well as the reception and responses to her research from the academic community, which are quite a few in number. The Academy member and professor Ms. Marina Katnić-Bakaršić proves and shows that contemporary stylistics is inevitably interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary, and offers guidelines for its further development. Emphasizing the importance of foundation in theory and knowledge in various linguistic, semiotic, social, and disciplines of literary theory, the author advocates for introducing the eclectic approach; in other words, for the combination of different models, which include description, analysis, and interpretation. The pioneer work of the Academy member and professor Katnić-Bakaršić in discourse stylistics and critical discourse analysis (CDA), as well as feminist language theory and the advancement of the subject of stylistics in other semiotic systems, notably visual ones, represents a special contribution to stylistics development in our region.