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Идиома и культура: в поисках общего основания

Author(s): Irina Sandomirskaja / Language(s): Russian Issue: 8/1996

In the paper a new concept, that of “idiom”, is proposed for the analysis of the relationship between language and culture. The concept is studied as a linguistic fact, i.e. narrowly understood idioms or other fixed phrases. Special emphasis is put on the semantic and pragmatic features of idiomatic expressions. The author delineates those features of idiom which indicate its closeness to culture. Also, the bases are presented on which the phenomenon of idiomatic use of lexical means and the phenomenon of culture can be treated as poles of the same homological symmetrical chain. A linguistic-cultural paradigm is proposed common to the linguistic idiom on the one hand and idioms specific to other codes, including non-verbal ones, on the other. By way of analogy to the system of macrocomponents of the meaning of an idiomatic expression, several levels for the comparative analysis of a cultural phenomenon are established. As an illustration, an analysis of specific cultural practices is presented. The analysis shows that characteristic features of culture are similar to those of linguistic idiom, which allows for the study and description of both within the framework of the same coherent theory.

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DLACZEGO ZA I PRZECIW A NIE PRZECIW I ZA - CZYLI O JĘZYKOWYM OBRAZIE ŚWIATA POLAKÓW, ANGLIKÓW I WĘGRÓW

Author(s): Jolanta Szpyra / Language(s): Polish Issue: 8/1996

The paper aims at examing the most important factors which determine the ordering of elements in Polish, English and Hungarian freezes such as za i przeciw / for and against / mellette vagy ellene. We demonstrate that in all three languages expressions of this kind are governed by the same semantic, cultural and phonological principles and that exceptions to them can be accounted for in terms of the complex interaction of these factors.

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WRAŻENIA ZMYSŁOWE JAKO PODSTAWA METAFOR JĘZYKOWYCH

Author(s): Anna Pajdzińska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 8/1996

The object of the analysis are linguistic metaphors (word-formation and semantic derivatives, phraseological expressions, conventionalized similes) treated as realizations of conceptual metaphors. Its aim is to establish what non-physical phenomena are conceptualized in Polish in terms of sensory perception. A clear connection can be observed between a particular sense (the quality of sensory perception) and the direction of metaphorical extensions. The sense of sight is the basis for conceptualizations relating to the domains of knowledge, control and following someone’s behaviour; the sense of hearing — the domain of broadly understood contact; the sense of taste — the domain of judgement; the sense of smell — the domain of drawing conclusions. Metaphorical extensions can also be treated as indirect evidence for the existence of a hierarchy of senses, rooted in language, and of the cognitive value of particular sensory experiences.

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Свинец (олово) в ритуалах индоевропейцев

Author(s): G. I. Dovgjalo / Language(s): Russian Issue: 8/1996

The article is devoted to magic characteristics attributed to lead and tin in Indo- European nations: the Hittites, the ancient Greeks, Hindus and mediaeval eastern Slavs. Typologically close data from non-Indo-European traditions are also mentioned: Sumerian, that of the Semites from Mesopotamia and late Semitic traditions — also biblical. It is shown that according to common beliefs, lead objects, especially plates, could serve as protection against the evil forces ot magic by reflecting their influence. A widespread practice of closing the evil forces in a receptacle with a lead cover is also mentioned, as well as the use of lead in burial practices of Indo-European nations.

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NATIONAL MINORITY AND THE RULE OF LAW: THE CASE OF TATARS AND TATAR LANGUAGE IN CONTEMPORARY RUSSIA

Author(s): Elmira Lyapina / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2019

In July 2017, during a meeting of the Council on Interethnic Relations, in the framework of the Strategy of Russia’s national policy the Russian president declared that children should not be forced to study indigenous languages in the national republics of Russia. In November of the same year, the Republic of Tatarstan’s Parliament abolished compulsory study of Tatar language in schools, contrary to the Constitution of Russia and its Federal legislation providing equal legal statuses to Russian and Tatar languages in the Republic of Tatarstan. Tatars, being a Turkic nation with Islamic views, are the second largest ethnic population in Russia, where the dominant vector of national identity is orthodox and Slavic. Recently, the issue of Tatar identity and Tatar language is under pressure from political discourse which prevails over the legal order, and which may lead to a decrease in the level of multiculturalism in the country. The author concludes that the Rule of Law is at risk since the rights of minorities to an education in their native language, which are guaranteed not only by international treaties but also by the Constitution and Federal law of Russia, are being disregarded or opted out of by the new Law on Education in Russia.

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Критичка квантитативна истраживања друштвених мрежа

Author(s): Željka Lj. Babić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 14/2016

Review of: Radić Bojanić, Biljana (2016), Fejsbuk kroz komunikaciju i kolaboraciju, Novi Sad: Filozofski fakultet – Sajnos.

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Српски превод Чосерових „Кантерберијских прича”

Author(s): Milica Spremić Končar / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 14/2016

Review of: Čoser, Džefri (2015), Kanterberijske priče (treće izdanje, prevod i objašnjenja Boris Hlebec), Beograd: NNK Internacional.

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Синтаксичка истраживања „Српске Александриде”

Author(s): Aleksandar M. Materić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 14/2016

Review of: Kurešević, Marina (2014), Hipotaktičke strukture u Srpskoj Aleksandridi: funkcionalnostilski aspekti, Novi Sad: Filozofski fakultet.

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Zbijeno klupko misli, jezika i kulture

Author(s): Marijana M. Prodanović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 14/2016

Review of: Sharifian, Farzad [ed.] (2015), The Routledge Handbook of Language and Culture, New York: Routledge.

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LEGAL LANGUAGE AND TECHNOLOGY

Author(s): Isabella-Alice Matieș-Verbuncu / Language(s): English Issue: 12/2019

While law requires language, legal experts need to communicate through words which are fundamental devices for delivering linguistic messages. Communication in this area represents the key for a successful outcome of any legal proceeding or particular case. Over the years, we have witnessed as technology has reached one of its greatest potential of development. The phenomenon of humanity evolution arises while technology innovates and legalists make use of science and IT to improve the quality of their work. But when do we know there is enough technology and how to maintain the balance in favour of humans instead of machines?

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Описна нарација и њени трансмедијални аспекти у роману „Крила“ Станислава Кракова

Author(s): Snežana М. Milosavljević Milić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 13/2016

This paper deals with the nature of ‘implicit intermediality’ in Stanislav Krakov’s novel Krila (Wings), which can be recognised within the ‘filmisation of novel’ procedure (Wolf 2008: 255). With regard to that, special attention is paid to descriptive narration as a scalar phenomenon position between a pure description and a pure narration. Descriptized narration, defined as such by Harold Mosher, is interpreted as a hybrid form in which the dynamic principle and teleological direction of narration lack progression because the temporal dimension is contaminated with the spatial one, and because of simultaneity of event sequences as well. The latter causes the disruption of static narration due to the moving image effect. Further effects of descriptized narration are: generalisation, iterative and repetitive events, impersonality of perspective, group, usually unnamed characters and use of present and progressive forms (Mosher 1991: 432–435). Also, descriptized narration plays an important role in the symbolic and poetic meaning of Krakov’s novel – repetitiveness of events hyperbolically underlies their feverish dramatic nature yet, paradoxically, their futility, fragmentary form and desperateness of the scene make an impression of distorted image, disharmony, cracks, broken ties that give space to chaos and nonsense.

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Од романтизма ка реализму: Хебелова приповетка „Сан“

Author(s): Milica B. Pasula,Julijana Beli-Genc / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 13/2016

Despite the numerous periodisation controversies, dilemmas and problems, Friedrich Hebbel’s drama oeuvre is commonly considered as the most significant testimony of poor German poetic realism. However, his fiction creativity has been neglected for decades in the interpretative literature as well as in other research within the science of literature. The reasons for this may be found in the fact that Hebbel’s fiction was not sufficiently current from the aspects of contents and genre. The short story ‘Dream’ represents an example of the author’s transitional phase between his romantic and realistic manner of thinking and writing. The aim of the paper is to point to the characteristics of these two literary epochs on the example of Hebbel’s short story, as well as the analysis of the most significant characteristics of this literary work, which partly relativises the previous science of literature attitude towards Hebbel’s short stories.

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Књижевно стваралаштво Милице Мирон. Драмски текстови за дјецу на фолклорној основи

Author(s): Andreja Ž. Marić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 13/2016

The paper deals with the oeuvre of Milica Miron, a neglected author of Slovenian origin from Sarajevo. We pay attention to details from her biography, shedding light on some aspects of her life and creative path. Central to this analysis are her pieces of children’s literature – poetry, fiction, riddles, and plays in particular. Also, she showed great interest in folklore, which she incorporated in her plays. Therefore, two of her plays are analysed in detail, with a view to understanding to what extent she remodeled original fairy tales and motifs she found in both national and international folk tradition.

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Cultural Alienation in Khushwant Singh’s “Karma”

Author(s): Lamia Khalil Hammad / Language(s): English Issue: 13/2016

“Karma” (1989) is a short story by the Indian author Khushwant Singh, which can be considered as a historical window to the colonial era in India. This paper presents a post-colonial reading of the story in relation to the loss of cultural identity, which corresponds partly to the work of Frantz Fanon in The Wretched of the Earth. What makes the story part of the post-colonial literature is because it describes the psychological abandonment of the intellectuals of their native culture, language, family, homeland, and fellow citizens. It also describes the embracement of colonial culture in language, country and the English high-class society. This paper illustrates how the loss of cultural identity leads to a negative impact on individuals and the mistreatment of women in pre-independent India.“Karma” (1989) is a short story by the Indian author Khushwant Singh, which can be considered as a historical window to the colonial era in India. This paper presents a post-colonial reading of the story in relation to the loss of cultural identity, which corresponds partly to the work of Frantz Fanon in The Wretched of the Earth. What makes the story part of the post-colonial literature is because it describes the psychological abandonment of the intellectuals of their native culture, language, family, homeland, and fellow citizens. It also describes the embracement of colonial culture in language, country and the English high-class society. This paper illustrates how the loss of cultural identity leads to a negative impact on individuals and the mistreatment of women in pre-independent India.

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Hybridity in Kamala Markandaya’s “Possession”

Author(s): Sofija Nemet / Language(s): English Issue: 13/2016

As a study of the meaning and different aspects of the notion of “hybridity” in postcolonial writing, this paper concentrates on Kamala Markandaya’s novel – Possession. Within the theoretical frame of cultural and postcolonial studies dealing with issues of identity, race, sex, culture, class, language, and power relations, as affected by hybridity, I have particularly elaborated on the relation between hybridity and identity, hybridity and difference, hybridity and desire, and, finally, hybridity and language, as depicted in Markandaya’s novel.

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The Postmodernism of Postmodernism: It’s a “Funny” Story

Author(s): Michael T. Smith / Language(s): English Issue: 13/2016

My primary thesis is that postmodernism always invokes a metafunction of self-reflexivity to some notion of “beginning.” First, I reference Heidegger, who views being as the beginning. However, as Gayatri Spivak writes in her famed introduction to Jacques Derrida’s Of Grammatology, “That something is, presupposes that anything can be” (xiv). Thus, there is some preoriginary concept for any concept before it emerges. In this sense, the arche (the beginning) only has presence by its complimentary absence. In Postmodernism, then, we are left with a language of metaphoricity (which is the crux of Being). However, I then ask: if the thought of thought tends towards the beginning, what could be said of the Meta-mind behind “thought?” Descartes, Derrida argues, gives the name ‘folly’ to the prereflexive cogito – before the “I think” can be reflected upon a pronounced being. Building off Derrida’s argument at length I claim that in postmodernism, nothing should be in stasis; everything is in flux. Thus, to reconcile with this pre-originary space, one always falls from the beginning, always traces the beginning (in the Derridean sense).

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Поезија и коментари

Author(s): Sanja N. Kobilj Ćuić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 13/2016

Review of: Miloš Crnjanski: poezija i komentari (2014), Zbornik radova, ur. Dragan Hamović, Beograd – Novi Sad: Institut za književnost i umetnost – Filološki fakultet Univerziteta u Beogradu – Matica srpska.

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Историја и поезија у миту о Косову

Author(s): Milica Samardžić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 13/2016

Review of: Bošković, Sanja (2014), Kosovski kulturološki mit, Beograd: Službeni glasnik.

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Philologia Serbica

Author(s): Andreja Ž. Marić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 13/2016

Conference report: Philologia Serbica; International conference; University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Philology, 2016.

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Ставови о употреби писама на територији Општине Шабац

Author(s): Srđan Đurić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 50/2019

The paper analyses the attitudes of citizens of Šabac municipality towards the use of Cyrillic and Latin alphabet. The aim of the research is to determine the attitudes towards the official and unofficial use of the two letters in modern Serbian language. The research is being conducted based on an anonymous survey. The results should show whether one letter has the advantage over the another one as well as what are the parameters that effect the choice of the letter use.

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