Поп Петър, ученикът на поп Йоан Кратовски

Author(s): Tsveta Evlogieva-Katsarova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2015

This study presents the known manuscripts by Priest Peter, who has lived until about the first decade of the seventeenth century. The first chapter of the article deals with the manuscript in which marginalia occur, being the main source to Priest Peter: Tetraevangelion, Church-Historical and Archival Institute, Sofia (CHAI) 28. Then comes another manuscript that is also attributed to the same scribe, but features no extant notes by the author: Tetraevangelion, CHAI 26. The last chapter of the work presents yet another manuscript containing notes by the same author: Tetraevangelion, Peć 18. The latter, though known, failed to stir research interest and has not been published for the time being as a manuscript by the same man of letters. The extant marginalia in the two author’s notes provide also biographical information about the scribe, while the information about the school, where he was trained and about his workplace, along with the changes in the representative types of decoration, of the signed manuscripts, provide evidence of the clout of the literary centre on the creative selection and the aesthetic choices of scribes/decorators.

Образованието на българското морско офицерство – подготовка в чуждестранни учебни заведения (1882–1944)

Author(s): Marina Pironkova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1-2/2015

A presentation of “Bulgarian Naval Officers Training Abroad (1882-1944)” by Asen Kozhuharov, Head of the Naval Tactics Department, Nikola Vaptsarov Naval Academy

Poszukując obrazu historii. Średniowiecze we francuskiej sztuce XVIII stulecia

Author(s): Szymon Cierpisz / Language(s): Polish Issue: XIII/2015

The aim of this article is to show some basic iconographical problems that early modern artists had when they wanted to present a historical theme in their works. Despite the growing number of articles and books focusing on the historical consciousness and reflection on the history in the early modern times, we still observe a deficiency in analyses of a visual side of the history in art. Basing on several catchy judgments of Vasari or Moliere, it is often said that since the Renaissance, the Middle Ages with their art and culture were at least neglected, if not despised. We can state however that both artists and aesthetes often underlined importance of old artworks, which has been expressed clearly by Bernard de Mountfacon, who in the preface to his great work describing French monuments wrote that they “help to enlighten history and customs of the first kings”.

Протестанты в царской России и их правовой статус

Author(s): Marzanna Kuczyńska / Language(s): Russian Issue: 10/2016

The paper briefly presents the history of Protestantism in Russia (16th–19th century) and the legalstatus of Protestant communities. An emphasis is placed on participation of the state and the individual tsars in increasing their number, as well as on the legal acts issued for them over the centuries. The article draws attention to the dependence of the right to freedom of religion, whichthey had in Russia, on their economic usefulness. It highlights the authorities’ interference in thefunctioning of Protestant Church as well as state protection of the prevailing faith – the OrthodoxChristianity – despite numerous religious and economic privileges granted to the Protestants.

Възникване и развитие на концесионните аптеки, аптечни филиали и временни аптеки в Бургаски окръг през периода 1878–1949

Author(s): Hristo Burgazliev,Daniela Grekova,Kalina Andreevska,Zlatka Dimitrova,Radiana Kiskinova,Vasil Madzharov,Stanislav Geurgiev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 01+02/2016

The aim of this study is to follow in historic aspect the opening and development of concession pharmacy, branches and temporary pharmacies in Bourgas region. Materials and methods: There was used a documentary analysis including archive materials, books and historic literature. Results: The regulated pharmacies in Bourgas and the region have been opened after the Liberation by a limited number of pharmacists, who have graduated their education abroad. In the smaller towns were opened branches and temporary pharmacies that were frequently closed due to inability to ensure sufficient profit to their owners. The population especially in rural areas have received drugs from practitioners and healers. It has been presented biographical data for the managers of these pharmacies until their nationalization in 1947–49 , and have been illustrated with a lot of photos. Conclusion. The results of this regional study enrich the history of the Pharmacy service in the country.

„W kręgu swoich”: O świadomości ruskiej szlachty Wielkiego Księstwa Litewskiego w dobie Unii Lubelskiej (na przykładzie Filona Kmity Czarnobylskiego)

Author(s): Irina Koluzaeva / Language(s): English Issue: 5/2016

The main aim of this article is to reconstruct the Ruthenian nobleman’s (szlachcic) perception of “us” and “the sphere of familiarity” in the second half of the sixteenth century and to place him within his respective communities and social groups by analyzing successive levels of his identity. It seems to be particularly important to study ideas and awareness of the common representative of the Ruthenian political nation of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, as scholars have so far been paying attention only to the notions of identity held by particular representatives of the elite, or else by intellectuals. Clientelist relationships of particular Ruthenian families, which are of crucial importance for reconstructing the complete image of the period, have not commonly been the subject of scientific research. The main thesis posited by this work is that the perception of one’s inner, familiar circle, of “us” as opposed to “them,” in the case of Ruthenian nobility was as multilevel as their national identity. To elucidate the posed questions, I am going to analyze Filon Kmita’s personal correspondence, his public, family and matrimonial relationships, the social practices he engaged in, and military and official environments to which he belonged. Such approach can help us not only to reconstruct the circle of relationships of this remarkable person but also to show how one of three primary nations of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth – the Ruthenians – was experienced from the perspective of one of its representatives.

Archívne dokumenty k výskumu spolkového života v meste Košice v období 1867 – 1914

Author(s): Nikoleta Lattová / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 2/2016

In the second half of the 19th century in Hungary there was an enormous increase in the number of associations. While in 1862 there were 579 registered associations, in 1878 it was already 3995. The associations had no duty to keep administration paperwork and agenda. They were acting as independent communes and as a result of this were autonomous written records and administration paperwork. Public authorities had no right to interfere in their own administration records, they just might have consulted them. The way how the written records of each association were kept and preserved for the future generations depended on its individual "conscientious" members. This has resulted in a fact that the researchers who are dealing with the issues of administration record keeping have access mainly to incomplete and fragmentary archive documents. The aim of the article is to present the conditions of the archival historical sources that are related to the research of community life and life in associations in the city of Kosice in 1867 – 1914. The research was conducted in archives and libraries located in the investigated city of Košice, as well as in the same type of institutions in Budapest. Available historical sources particularly include the articles of associations, reports to the police headquarters and own documents and records of associations themselves. These include documents such as speeches, annual reports, reports on general meetings, almanacs, journals, publications published by associations and issues of memorial books published on the occasion of special anniversaries to commemorate the founding of association.

Wszechświat – Boska muzyka

Author(s): Tomasz Maziarka / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2014

The nature of music and the nature of the universe reveals a lot of common features. Similarity of both was perceived in mythical era; the world of music and the world of astronomy was devoted under patronage of the sisters – the divine Muses. The discovery of the mathematical nature of the musical intervals, which was made by Pythagoras ordered him to base the harmony of the universe on the numerical relations and to recognize that music accompanies the revolution of the heavenly spheres. Plato gave the „music of the spheres” geometric form, and in the Middle Ages, when the Christianity assimilated the idea of the world as a rational structure, harmonia mundi was a model for the composers as well as for ascetic struggles. Modern times and characteristic development of natural sciences, very clearly supported the argument that the world is mathematical. Metaphorical approach of the modern String Theory, which describes the evolution of the first moments of the universe, permits to assign to God the role of the Great Musician who „playing on the strings” – creates the universe.

Д-р Георги Тренчев Македония в българския национален календар през 2012 г.

Author(s): Georgi Trenchev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2012

За регионалната история и дейността на Регионален исторически музей – Габрово. По повод 155 години от обявяване на Габрово за град

Author(s): Iliyana Marcheva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 5-6/2015

Културни връзки между българи и поляци според документи на братя Стефан и Никола Бобчеви, съхранявани в НБКМ-БИА

Author(s): Lyubomir Georgiev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2015

Stefan Savov Bobchev was a chairman of the Slavic Society in Sofia for nearly 40 years (1903-1940). A university professor, he was a member of the Academies of Sciences of Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia, and of the Polish Scientific Society in Lvov. Nikola Savov Bobchev graduated from a high school in Nikolaev and got a PhD in philosophy at Leipzig. He worked as a teacher, director of the National Library in Sofia and editor of the Slavic Society in Bulgaria. Both brothers have large archival funds in the Bulgarian Historical Archives at the St. St. Cyril and Methodius National Library (CMNL-BHA). There is an interesting red book “The Justice of Old Poland. Lectures of S. S. Bobchev”. Prof. Petar Dinekov wrote letters from Warsaw to Dr. N. Bobchev about the literary and political life in Poland. The documentary heritage of S. Bobchev and N. Bobchev paints a vivid and rich of details of the relationship between the intellectual elites of the two European nations.

Российский правовед А.А. Башмаков о графе Н.П. Игнатьеве

Author(s): Ljudmila Gorina / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2014

The figure of Count N.P. Ignatiev as well as his impressive diplomatic career are well known to the specialists. The Russian scholar and legislator A.A. Bashmakov, however, needs a presentation primarily because as a close acquaintance of N.P. Ignatiev he published in 1916 the Notes of the Russian diplomat San-Stefano and After San-Stefanо together with his own, Bashmakov’s Addenda closely tied with the main text of the books. These Addenda are an interesting source about the history of the Eastern Crisis and about the diplomatic activity of Count N.P. Ignatiev. The author analyses in detail the question of ‘the diplomatic school of Ignatiev’, which is mentioned in the fundamental work of the American scholar McKenzie, but still requires further elucidation.

Observationes ako forma vedeckej komunikácie od stredoveku do 18. storočia

Author(s): Erika Juríková,Ladislav Tkáčik / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 1/2017

The reign Charles of Great introduced Latin as a universal language of scholars, so-called lingua franca. Latin kept this position until mid-19th century, because national languages got preference. However, Latin’s domain has lasted until today in certain fields of study in turns of terminology. This paper focuses on the phenomenon of observations across natural and social-economic circumstances. The term observationes originated in Medieval time and it’s derived from Latin verb observare – to observe, to monitor, to keep, to maintain. This labeling can be found in the area of philosophy, secular and monastic life, astronomics remarks, travel reports and natural sciences including medicine as well as law.

Грамотност на българското духовенство в Македония по примера на Неврокопска епархия (1904–1912): статистически и изворови аспекти

Author(s): Stanislava Stoytcheva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1-2/2017

The study focuses on an issue that has not yet been investigated in the Bulgarian historiography - the topic of the literacy of the Bulgarian parish priests in Macedonia, and specifically in the largest Nevrokop eparhy, after the Gorna Dzhumaia (1902) and the Ilinden-Preobrazhenie (1903) uprisings and up to the Balkan War (1912). The main points in the historiography, the trends in the archival documents of the Bulgarian Exarchate and the Bulgarian Commercial Agencies (from 1908 consulates), as well as the attitudes of the periodical press from the first decade of the 20th century, published in the Ottoman Empire, are outlined. The topic of the clergy literacy is analyzed on the basis of numerous documents from the archives of the Holy Metropolis of Nevrokop and its subordinate structures, statistics, ecclesiastical and parish registers, etc. The main signs of literacy are considered, which can be traced very well through statistics and documents, such as: basic literacy (reading and writing skills); type and level of education; theological literacy; occupation of the priests before their ordination; reading culture, newspaper subscriptions, and literary work. On this basis, an attempt is made for a social cleavage of the clergy in Pirin Macedonia and in particular in the Nevrokop eparhy.

Сведения за църковни вакъфи през XVIII в. в османски документи от фонда „Пископос калеми“

Author(s): Krasimira Moutafova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2018

Information about the Church vakafs in the 18th Century in Ottoman Documents from the Fund “Piskopos Kalemi”Abstract: The research is based on the yet unpublished Ottoman archive documents from the fund “Piskopos kalemi”, the earliest of which is from 1701 and the latest one is from 1777. In this rich archive fund of the Ottoman Archive in Istanbul at the General Directorate of State Archives in the Republic of Turkey are kept documents from the so called department Piskopos mukataas? kalemi (“The chancellery of the Bishop’s matters”) part of the defterhane called Piskopos halifesi kalemi in the 19th c. It addresses the various issues concerning Christian churches and keeps all documents concerning the Orthodox clergy, the Christian churches and monasteries. The information contained in the Patriarchal pleas (arzuhals) selected for the purpose of the study, compiled by the Patriarchs of Constantinople Kalinik II, Gavriil III, Jeremiah III, Paisios II; the Serbian Patriarchs Moses and Ioannikios III and the Ohrid Archbishop-Patriarch Joasaph II, concerning the collection of church taxes and fees, provide an opportunity for a research and real interference in the discussed Ottoman studies about the so called church vakafs. The comparative analysis of the available and newly translated sources from the fund “Piskopos kalemi” shows that the Christian vakafs most often turn into church vakafs.

The Cold Water Ordeal (Swimming) in Witchcraft Accusations and Trials in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in the Sixteenth-Eighteenth Century

Author(s): Jacek Wijaczka / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2016

One of the medieval trials by ordeal, the cold water ordeal, regained popularity in the Early Modern Period and served as an important element in witchcraft trials. Floating on water was seen as a decisive proof of guilt and resulted in the accused being handed over to the torturer. This paper discusses the use of the water ordeal in Poland in the sixteenth–eighteenth century, primarily by municipal courts. Among the issues mentioned in the paper there is also the question of the stage of the trial in which the water ordeal was used and whether the accused were undressed before being subjected to the ordeal.

Obitelj Fleischer u kulturnom životu Bjelovara

Author(s): Inga Lisac / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 1/2007

Alojzije Fleischer’s arrival to Bjelovar (1802 – 1873) as the organist of the catholic parish church in Bjelovar (beginning of the 19th century) meant his inclusion into the first activities of the cultural development of this small Croatian town in the eastern territory of the then Austro-Hungarian Monarchy. Fleischer’s life is characterised with long, devoted and studious musical activity in the surroundings new to him for its nationality, mentality, customs, and climate. His activity as a conductor of a choir society, music teacher, promoter of many folk, popular, patriotic songs at the beginning of the Croatian National Revival was written down, and many of these songs were written in musical notebooks. The loyalty to his new country A. Fleischer transferred to his oldest son Gustav Fleischer (Bjelovar 1857 – 1913), who had finished chemistry at the Polytechnic Academy in Graz. G. Fleischer noted in many ways the development of cultural life in Bjelovar. For twenty years he was a Principal of Bjelovar’s Grammar school and he contributed, among other things, to the expansion of the grammar school to higher classes and to baccalaureate. He distinguished himself as an excellent teacher and through many published works. He translated from German two chemistry student class books and wrote several shorter instructions on how to study better. He was among the first to stand for “mutual education of boys and girls”, which was at that time an avant-garde concept, and he followed this idea with many published discussions. His contribution to archaeology, practical pharmacy, painting, composition, music, and etc. is of great importance. He distinguished himself in organisational activities as an initiator, cofounder, and long time chief editor of the local newspapers Bjelovarsko-Križevački Weekly. He was the conductor of Bjelovar’s choir society Dvojnice, he participated in the establishment of the school and hospital library and he helped the education of deprived students. One of his three daughters, Ida (1882 – 1915), distinguished herself as an amateur painter. Ida had two children (her daughter Vlasta and son Raoul). The two Gustav’s grandchildren, engineer Raoul Sabljak (1910-1975), the expert for the construction of hydro-electric power plants and engineer Aleksandar Johanides (1911 – 1990), the expert in chemical industry, left Bjelovar early, and both of them had great success in their professions in Croatia and abroad. From the Fleischer-Sabljak family two daughters of R. Sabljak (great-granddaughters of G. Fleischer) lived outside of Croatia. The one and only descendant of the Fleischer-Sabljak family in Croatia (the daughter of Vlasta Sabljak-Lisac) is dr. sc. Inga Lisac, who lives in Zagreb. In Bjelovar there still exists the tomb of the Fleischer family in the main alley of the old St. Andrew cemetery.

Време за разплата. Стихийната чистка на офицерския корпус в Българската армия през септември 1944 г.

Author(s): Boyan Zhekov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 5/2016

The article examines the conduct of the elemental purge of the command staff of the Bulgarian army in the days around 9 September 1944. The author seeks to clarify the scale of this purge and to demonstrate the extremes in its implementation. This issue is important because it sets the framework for the policy of the new government towards the officers in the months to the end of the war. The behavior of the subordinate to their commanders subsequently imposed the need for measures to strengthen the position of the rulers.

Проникване и разпространение на българската Възрожденска книжнина в град Крайова през ХІХ в. (до 1878 г.)

Author(s): Nikolay Zhechev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2019

The work traces the penetration and proliferation of the Bulgarian Revival literature (books, newspapers, magazines, calendars) among the Bulgarian community in the Romanian town of Craiova in the 19th century (until 1878). The study is based on sponsorship lists (pre-subscription) to books published at that time as well as other evidence from the era. Between the 1830s and the 1870s thanks to that kind of sponsorship, the local Bulgarians became familiar with publications whose authors, translators or compilers were famous Bulgarian writers and public figures such as An. Kipilovski, Raino Popovich, G. S. Rakovski, Sava Dobroplodni, P. R Slaveykov, Dobri Voynikov, Lyuben Karavelov and others. Some of the most zealous admirers and distributors of this literature in Craiova were Dr. Peter Beron, Hadzhi Danilovs brothers and others. The dissemination of the Bulgarian Revival press, the one published in Constantinople, as well as the one printed in the Bulgarian emigrant centers in Romania and Serbia, is also included in the article. The results show that, compared to other major centers of the Bulgarian diaspora in Romania (Bucharest, Galaţi, Braila), fewer publications appeared in Craiova, which reduced their impact on the national awakening of the Bulgarian community and diminished the role of the Bulgarian residents there in the Bulgarian national revival.

Историософията на Арнълд Тойнби

Author(s): Zhelyazko Stoyanov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2019

The article presents the basic views of the renowned British historian and philosopher of history (historiosopher) Arnold Toynbee (1889–1975), outlined above all in his 12-volume work 'A Study of History'. First of all, his understanding of the specifics of the emergence, development and existence of civilizations is examined. Special attention is paid to the criteria formulated by the British historian for the development of civilizations. Emphasis is placed on the topic of the relation between society and the individual, which is an essential element in Toynbee’s historiosophy. His views on the decline of civilizations and the “universal state” are also traced, as well as his scenarios for the future of civilizations.