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Decorating the body with jewelry starts back in Paleolithic age and continues with continuity until today. Jewelry in prehistory and arch-history presents a mark of the social and economic status of the humans. The paper presents the tradition of decorating the human body with jewelry through the Iron Age necropolis of the Valley Bregalnica and lower reaches of the Vardar river.
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The development of civilization in antiquity reached its culmination in its late stage, respectively in late antiquity. Late Antique cities in Macedonia are part of the ancient period, which is in the process of research and study along the river Bregalnica. In its valley are determined more late antique fortifications or cities that will be processed in this paper. Fortifications were built with defensive and protective function. Emphasis will be placed on the number of cities, the typology of the fortifications, the type of fortifications and construction techniques.
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New discovery marks a breakthrough in the understanding of ancient Illyrian civilization.
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Aphrodite's cult in Chersonese Taurian is known from an initial stage of formation of the policy, but a paramount role in a pantheon of the early period and Hellenistic era he didn't play. Nevertheless, Aphrodite's cult was among the most popular, though remained long time in the sphere of private cults. Its traces are traced according to a coroplastiсs.
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The winery found on an allotment 340 is undoubtedly unique. It is the first winery on chorus of antique Chersonese with three platforms. We hope during further researches we will receive additional material for more exact clarification of the general design and separate elements of the structure of the found winery.
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In 1961 at excavation of the burial ground located in the territory of sovhoz "Sevastopol" ("Sovhoz -10") the red varnish of a dish with horizontally unbent edge and low, simple, without any profiling, the ring pallet was found. Article is devoted to attribution of the multifigured composition decorating it.
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The study deals with theoretical and historical reflection on the game principle alea and discusses the current trends in applying this game principle in the virtual reality. The key theoretical framework of the text is the typology of game principles by the French sociologist R. Caillois as well as works by other authors who deal with ludological principles. The essence of the theoretical reflection is examining historical development of the above-mentioned game principle and contemplating the use of key features of the principle in the present-day virtual reality, particularly in digital games. The author focuses mainly on the current digital games working with the alea principle; mainly on online games of chance and their alternatives. The terminological axis is based on the terms “virtual reality”, “game”, “digital game”, “game principles” and the “alea principle”. The key objective of this study is to clarify the current understanding of alea on the basis of logical analysis, i.e. to point out its evident occurrence in the media environment, more specifically in the dimension of digital games. The author mentions various metamorphoses of the game principle alea, taking into consideration the historical background of media evolution. The ambition of the text is not only to understand and interpret the examined reality, but mainly to specify how the alea principle interacts with the environment of virtual reality and digital games. The study works with an assumption that the analysed game principle alea has been present in the human society since the times of the Ancient Rome – its occurrence in today’s social and/or individual games experienced in the everyday reality is evident. The author also presumes that R. Caillois’s theoretical postulates are still timely and widely usable – also in new contexts such as the present-day media reality of digital games.
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Gemeines Salz, Natriumchlorid, ist weithin als wesentlicher Rohstoff für die antiken und auch für die neuzeitlichen Gemeinschaften bekannt. Obwohl in unserer modernen Welt nur ein geringfügiger Teil des gewonnenen Salzes für die Herstellung und den Verzehr von Lebensmitteln genutzt wird, meinen wir dennoch genau diese Verwendung, wenn wir von Salz sprechen. In Wirklichkeit sind es gewerbliche Zwecke und die Straßenräumung im Winter, wofür ein Großteil des Salzes heutzutage genutzt wird. In der Vor- und Frühgeschichte war die Situation eine ganz andere. Es gab einige industrielle Anwendungen von Salz wie zum Beispiel in der Gerbung, jedoch war aller Wahrscheinlichkeit nach mit Abstand die bedeutendste Nutzung die der Lagerung und Konservierung von Lebensmitteln. Heutzutage und in der jüngsten Vergangenheit verwenden sogar entwickelte Gesellschaften Salz zur Lebensmittelkonservierung; in bäuerlichen Gesellschaften, vor allem solchen ohne Stromversorgung, folglich auch ohne Kühlschränke, ist Salz von entscheidender Bedeutung, um Käse, Gemüse oder Fleisch einzulagern. In derartigen Gemeinschaften wird Salz auch in anderen Lebensbereichen genutzt, wie zum Beispiel für therapeutische Anwendungen bei Mensch und Tier.
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In 1961 at excavation of the burial ground located in the territory of sovhoz "Sevastopol" ("Sovhoz -10") the red varnish of a dish with horizontally unbent edge and low, simple, without any profiling, the ring pallet was found. Article is devoted to attribution of the multifigured composition decorating it.
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In the 2010—2013 Ukrainian-Polish archaeological expedition resumed the study of the Bronze Age barrows near Bukovna village, Tlumach district, Ivano-Frankovsk region, begun in the 30s of the 20th century. In the wood to the west of the village were recorded five burial groups and several mounds standing alone. A few barrows are situated on the fields south of the village. In general, in the ancient times cemetery consisted of about 50 mounds.In group № 1 were excavated three barrows, one more — in the group № 2. The earliest barrow among the studied mounds is № 1 in the group № 2. It can be dated by the late III — beginning of II millennium BC, and synchronized with the Postcatakomb cultures and with Epicorded cultures horizon. The barrows excavated in the group №1 belong to the early phase of Komarovskaya culture and are dated in the limits of the second quarter of II millennium BC. All the barrows of this group contained decorations of nonferrous metals. The general ceramic complex is of more than 60 vessels. Mounds of both groups contained of about 2000 flint artifacts, dated from the Paleolithic to the Late Bronze Age.Geodesic, geophysical, paleopedological, dendrologic, paleobotanic, palynological, anthropological researches on the monument were carried out. A spectral analysis of metal and radiocarbon dating were done.
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In this chapter, Herodotus, according to its context, specifically notes limit the spread of the power of the Persians to the north. Attempts to understand this phrase in the sense that prior to the writing of his work, was subordinate to the Bosporus Persians (J. Niling, G. R. Tsetskhladze) does not correspond to the context of this chapter of Herodotus.
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The aim of the research was to study the ancient pottery found during excavations of the territory of the "Basilica in 1935". I believe that this material can be used to create a chronological scale ceramics from Chersonesos and its modern archeological periodization and the reconstruction of economic and trade relations of ancient Chersonese Taurian in the Black and Mediterranean seas.
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One of the most interesting problems of antique numismatics is the provincial attribution images on coins of the Roman domination. These are the busts of the rulers of the empire, the governors, as well as figures of deities and their attributes. In this vein it is considered a fairly controversial issue of the attribution of the images on the coins of Chersonesus coinage. As suggested, they then placed the image of the Roman emperors and their families. The thesis is illustrated by coins Julio-Claudian dynasty.
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Bricks and tiles from archaeological sites of the Varaždin region represent the remains of a new type of civil engineering which was introduced by the Romans to the conquered territories, including the province of Pannonia in the 1st ct. AD. Although the number of systematically excavated Roman sites is relatively small, they provide a general account of building activities. In this paper, bricks and tiles from Petrijanec, Hrastovsko, Lonja and Ludbreg are analysed, as well as those from Roman villas in Kelemen, Martinić and Šemovec-Kupinje. Typical, standardised bricks are included, as well as those specific in terms of their origin, archaeological context or other characteristics. Brick as building material serves several purposes. On the one hand, it provides valuable information which enables reconstruction of brick production processes, trade routes, as well as building techniques used in Pannonia. On the other hand, it can also provide valuable information about everyday life or some other aspects of Roman history. That is why it is important to take into account not only the role of brick as a building material, but also all these other aspects it may contain.
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In recent years, in the course of archaeological research XCVII quarter of the Northeast region of Chersonese were discovered and documented the remains of the ancient wine-making industry. The paper considers the question of the date of termination of its operation on the basis of analysis of materials grist, which shut the pit to install pithoi. Analyzed archaeological (fragments of amphorae and red-slip pottery) and numismatic material led to the conclusion that pithoi were dismantled, and all space was filled in the late first - early second quarters of the V century.
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In this article consider results of excavation of the basilica Kryze in 2010 year. In central nave of temple dug up cultural layers of the end 5-th till the middle 6-th centuries A.D. and were found pits of late antiquity pifosarium with bottoms of vessels. Also were find and excavated burials of XII–XIII centuries. In south conch of apse investigated the wells filling of Hellenistic time till the deep of 7 meters.
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The paper analyzes the archaeological and numismatic material, since the death of late Scythians in the Crimea. They suggest that these events may be related to the invasion troops of the Alans in the Crimea at the end of the first quarter of the III. AC (224). At the same time, the death is directly dependent on the internal instability of the very late Scythia, where there was no state and only start to develop new ethnosocial community.
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Two female terracotta figurines were found in 1971 near the village Ayvowoe . The fact that they've found evidence of cultural and economic ties between the barbarous peoples of Southwest Taurica late Roman world. Judging from the fragments of pottery found with terracotta tiles, they can date the I-III centuries BC.
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We present how Tigran II the Great tried to reorganize the province system in further divisions. It was found that the final province was created by Tiridate the I-st, so that before its collapse the Armenian state was divided into 190–195 districts, 15 provinces and 4 pitiashkhity.
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