A BÉKÉSCSABAI KÉSŐROMÁN KORI ARANY MELLTŰ

Author(s): Imre Szatmári / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 1-2/2005

In 1878, a golden brooch was inventorised to the Hungarian National Museum, coming to the capital from Békéscsaba (Fig. 1a–b). The object is decorated with human figures, interpreted as a dancing couple of a couple of lovers, man and woman. Probably, the object was intended to clasp the neck-aperture of a lady’s dress. In most of the publications, this object was erroneously mentioned as coming from Tömörd, Komárom county and only most recent research could correctly identify its Békéscsaba provenance.

A BIBLIAI PARADICSOMTÓL MOZART PÁSZTORKIRÁLYÁIG

Author(s): István Borzsák / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 1-2/2002

Metastasio, the librettist of Mozart’s “Il re pastore” wrote his libretto on the basis of Curtius Rufus and according to the claims of his epoch and royal court of Maria Theresa with due knots. Aminta, mounted the throne by the favour of Alexander the Great, is nobody else as Abdalonymus, mentioned repeatedly by ancient authors. He was bearer of mythic oriental traditions whose figure was transformed to (the invented) Cincinnatus, incarnating the ancient Roman ideals. Recently, the orientalist W. Fauth revealed the far-ramified treasure of this oriental tradition in his wide-ranging study. By its help the classical philologist can establish unexpected coherences between the cosmological relations of the ancient oriental royal symbolics and the phenomena, unexplained so far, of the Greco-Roman culture (descriptions of paradise, Roma quadrata, political motives of the rise of Roman historiography, etc.). As addition to the subject presented itself the contemporary description of the game reserve at Vienna of the Austrian archduke Maximilian (the later Emperor and King) as an attempt to put into practice the antique idea of paradise in modern Europe.

A BIBRACTEI BAZILIKA KELTEZÉSÉNEK KÉRDÉSÉHEZ

Author(s): Dániel Szabó / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 1/2006

A BODROGKERESZTÚRI KULTÚRA BELSŐ IDŐRENDJÉRŐL

Author(s): Pál Patay / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 1/2008

A szerző áttekinti a kultúra temetőinek kerámia leletanyagát, azt vizsgálva, hogy abban milyen mértékben vannak jelen olyan típusok, elemek, amelyeket Bognár-Kutzián Ida a kultúra késői (B) fázisa jellegzetességeiként ismert fel. Ezt követően áttekinti mindazon edényféleséget, amelynek a kultúra belső időrendje szempontjából jelentősége lehet. Végül foglalkozik a polgár-basatanyai temető sírjainak időrendjével is.

A Boudica-felkelés az új kronológiai és topográfiai eredmények tükrében

Author(s): Gyula Speck / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 2/2014

The Boudican Revolt of AD 60–61 is a very controversial story still today, despite the many researches in the 20th and 21th century. The purpose of this study is to show new results in chronology and battlesite topography of the rebellion, which have been disregarded by many today’s well-known scholars. The greatest debate among the contemporary scholars is on the exact date of the Boudican Revolt. Most studies agree with D. R. Dudley and Graham Webster, who claim that the rebellion occured in AD 60, despite of Tacitus’ AD 61. They assert that the uprising happened in AD 60 by the CIL VI 597 inscription. But I have found one more inscription (AE 1998, 419) and two wax tablets from Pompeii (CIL IV 3340, CLIV and CLV) certifying clearly that Webster and Dudley misdated the rebellion which occured definitely in AD 61. Finally I have found many reasons and geographical evidences referring to John Pegg’s terrain analysis attesting that the final battle of Boudica happened in the Church Stowe Ridge, Northamptonshire.

A Brief History of Nursing

Author(s): Sergiu Teodorescu,Aurelia Preda / Language(s): English / Issue: 18/2018

Could Hippocrates be an ancestor of the nursing profession? The nursing profession brings into practice, in addition to spiritual care, a palpable method of self-healing. The history of medicine, which cannot be separated from the act of nursing and the history of nursing are part of the human history. Practiced from prehistoric times, the art of nursing is universal and can be considered a law of nature. Its recognition as a "useful and unique" profession began in the second half of the 20th century, when "the art of nursing" started to be influenced by the cultural, ethnic and religion specificities of the different ethnic groups.

A Brief Introduction to the Byzantine Portrait Art

Author(s): Irina-Andreea Stoleriu,Adrian Stoleriu / Language(s): English / Issue: 11/2016

Guided by the Christian faith, Byzantine art has attached special meaning to the representation of the human figure. Grounded on aesthetic principles, the artistic representation of the human face relinquished on the physical materiality of the represented model, searching for its essences and resemblances to the divine world. Subject to specific representation rules, Byzantine portraiture bears a series of peculiar characteristics that mark it out among other images of this kind belonging to other spirituality areas, periods and artistic styles. Both in icons, where it highlights a series of particular significances describing the divine nature of saints, and in other fields of Byzantine arts – such as mural painting or mosaic –the portrait stands out due to its importance. This paper intends to present a few of the defining characteristics of portraiture in Byzantine art, exemplifying the evolution of this artistic genre by analysing some of the most representative creations of this field.

A Brief Military History of the Later Reign of Šāpur II

Author(s): Michael Richard JACKSON BONNER / Language(s): English / Issue: 6/2017

This is a brief history of the wars of Šāpur II from the middle of the fourth century to the death of that king in theyear 379. These conflicts represent the military operations of the Sasanid state at its height before a gradual decline underthe successor to Šāpur II.

A bronze steelyard with an acorn-shaped counterweight from the Paphos Agora

Author(s): Ewdoksia Papuci-Wladyka,Maciej Waclawik / Language(s): English / Issue: 20/2016

Steelyards were commonly used by sellers at agorae and fora during the Roman and Byzantine periods. They are based on the principle of the lever, mentioned by Aristotle and probably well-known even earlier. One steelyard made of bronze has been found, together with an acorn-shaped counterweight, at the agora of Nea Paphos during an excavation conducted by the Department of Classical Archaeology, Institute of Archaeology, Jagiellonian University. Also preserved were fragments of chain and two hooks that were used to hang the weighted objects, as well as fragment of a third hook. The device represents the Pompeian type of steelyard and can be dated by analogy to other examples from the 1st century AD. The Paphos balance may be evidence of the use of a local island weighting system based on an operating unit other than the Roman pound (libra).

A BŰBÁJOS VIRGILIUS - A VERGILIUS-ÉLETRAJZOK KALANDOS TORZULÁSAI

Author(s): István Borzsák / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 2/2003

We tried to follow up the incredibly rich posterity of Vergilius in the context of the antique biographical literature, more exactly in that of the biographies of writers. As to a modest modern complement to the collection, indispensable even today, by D. Comparetti (Virgilio nel medio evo), we drew attention to a trash of the 19th century (The miraculous story of the enchanting Vergilius), the author of which „enriched” the already otherwise adventurously embellished biography of the poet with further romantic — even foolish! — inventions. Of course, not even this can damage the fame of the divines poeta.

A bűzös Piso

Támadási stratégia M. Tullius Cicero Piso ellen intézett invektívájában

Author(s): Levente Pap / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: V/2018

The invective against Piso constitutes one of the most important post-reditum speeches of Marcus Tullius Cicero. On his return from exile the former consul delivers a speech wishing to verbally express his “gratitude” to all those who either by means of their blissful actions have actively taken part in his banishment or merely by their silence have been accomplices in it. Piso was one of them and Cicero, in his invective, attempts by almost every possible means to destroy any remaining credibility of Piso. In order to do so the orator exploits all kinds of opportunities even those given by certain odour associations.

A Catalogue of Harbours in the Province of Ĝirsu/Lagaš Documented in the Administrative Texts of the Ur III Period

Author(s): Sergio Alivernini / Language(s): English / Issue: 3/2019

As is well known, boat trips on rivers and canals were an essential part of Mesopotamian economy at the end of the 3rd millennium BC; the Tigris and Euphrates, with their tributaries and canals, served as major highways in Mesopotamia. In the Ur III period, inland traffic by waterway was very extensive (more so than interregional water transport). This paper aims at highlighting ports/harbours of the province of Ĝirsu/Lagaš recorded in the administrative texts from the end of the 3rd millennium, by cataloguing the name of the places where these harbours are located.

A cemetery of the Gáta–Wieselburg culture at Nagycenk (Western Hungary)

Author(s): János Gömöri,Eszter Melis,Viktória Kiss / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2018

The 29 individuals found in 27 graves at Nagycenk were buried there in the time period between 2000–1700 BC, according to radiocarbon dates – i.e. at the beginning of the Middle Bronze Age in Hungary. The cemetery is of unique importance, both because of the richness of burial assemblages (altogether 30 bronze objects, 5 gold jewelries) and the scarcity of known Gáta–Wieselburg cemeteries. 15 percent of the ca. 180 burials in total, which relate to this culture in Hungary, are in this cemetery, and because of the few published burial sites, the cemetery at Nagycenk represents about one fourth of the materials published so far in the whole distribution area of the culture. Pottery style, typology and raw material of metal artefacts, as well as the radiocarbon dates (with the earliest among the published radiocarbon dates in context of this culture) support the dating of the cemetery section to the early phase of the Gáta–Wieselburg culture. The oval arrangement of burials around grave 55 and grave 1 suggest that each of these correspond to a household of high status men representing a few generations of the population living in the settlement excavated in the vicinity of Nagycenk.

A Charis tekintete Pindarosnál

Author(s): Zsolt Adorjáni / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 1/2009

Charis is a concept and a power of paramount significance in Pindar’s poetry and ars poetica. This analysis is less concerned with the semantics of Charis, than with her dynamics. In the 14. and 7. Olympian ode Charis appears surrounded by a cluster of metaphors of blossoming (ΘAΛ - ), love (EPA - ) and eye-glance (Ι Δ - ). These motifs permeat the whole Pindaric epinician corpus. I set out to scrutinize the vast scale of variations on this theme, in order to illuminate from a new vista the relationship of the Charis and the Muse, then to explain the foregrounded motif of the divine eye-glance.

A Chrestus-kérdés

Author(s): Krisztina Dóra Fodor / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 2/2014

The emperor Claudius expelled the Jews from the city of Rome in 52 AD. This event takes place in the Bible (in the Acts), and is also mentioned by Suetonius. Suetonius provides more informations, including that Jews were rebelling in Rome and that was the reason why Claudius expelled them. He says that the Jews rebelled because of a person whose name was Chrestus. According the Christian tradition this person was Jesus Christ. This thought was derived from Orosius who transcribed the name Chrestus to Christus. Tertullianus also mentioned that at first pagans did not know the right name of Christus so they called him Chrestus. These arguments speak for a fact that in 50 or 52 AD there was a conflict between Christians and Jews in Rome, before the 64th AD Christian persecution. But what if Suetonius’ Chrestus is not Christus? I analysed those inscriptions which contain the name of Chrestus in Rome in the first century. As it turned out Chrestus had to be a slave or a freedman rather than a free man, corresponding with the meaning of the name. Chrestus is a Greek word which means useful. Of what religion was this person named Chrestus? Was he a Jew, pagan or Christian? After the analysis of the inscriptions we can say that Chrestus was more probably pagan or Jew than Christian. But since we are trying to decide only the relations of Jews and Christians, we must say Chrestus was probably a Jewish person and consequently there was a conflict only between Jews, not between Jews and Christians in 52 AD.

A classification system for pottery shape at prehistoric sites in Lower Egypt

Author(s): Sakura Sanada / Language(s): English / Issue: 19/2015

Pottery data from prehistoric sites in Lower Egypt has been reported using different classification systems dependent on the site where it was discovered. This makes comparative analysis of pottery from different locations highly problematic. The significant majority of pottery excavated at these sites is either incomplete or consists of pot sherds that cannot be reconstructed. This paper will consider the problems that exist in publishing data concerning pottery shape and examine the classification systems adopted in earlier reports. Bearing these earlier systems in mind, the report will consider what the most feasible general classification system would be for the recording and classifying of pot sherd shape data from all Lower Egyptian sites, which would also be able to integrate together even with pottery shape data in the earlier reports as accurately as possible. There might be the feasible system or a prototype of it amongst the systems already in use.

A contribution on the Early Bronze Age in Southern Romania and some friendly notes

Author(s): Neculai Bolohan / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2014

The Early Bronze Age in the area between the Eastern Carpathians and the Lower Danube constituted the topic of numerous attempts. A recent contribution concerning this theme was made by Radu Băjenaru, who presented me with the opportunity to have an updated reading of the manner in which archaeological monuments can be analysed. The critical scrutiny, rigorous analysis, direct access to sources, field experience, suggestions for classifying the impressive lot of artefacts analysed, are just some of the author’s cards. In the following, the author of these lines has only the merit of bringing to a written conclusion a number of friendly observations.

A contribution to knowledge of Greek and Roman amphorae found or located in Bosnia and Herzegovina

Author(s): Adnan Busuladžic / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2019

Among the ancient finds at numerous sites in Bosnia and Herzegovina are some amphora sherds. The National Museum of Bosnia and Herzegovina has a number of amphorae found at Narona, outside Bosnia and Herzegovina. The same is true of the Franciscan monastery in Visoko, which has a few well-preserved amphorae. One of the most important sites in Bosnia and Herzegovina at which amphorae have been found is the Hellenistic site of Daorson. Though they have been the subject of interest from time to time, this is the first paper to give a full picture of the amphorae found or kept in museums in Bosnia and Herzegovina. In terms of typology, these include examples of Lesbian, Rhodian and Corcyran amphorae, the Greco-Italic type, Lamboglia 2, Dressel 2-4, 6A, 20, 23a, 26, 27, 30, 34, 38, Hopfengarten, African: Africana 2 and type XXVII, flat-bottomed amphorae, Forlimpopoli, amphorae with a funnel-shaped rim, Dimmeser Ort type, Pontic amphorae type XX, Benghazi MR type, Eastern Mediterranean type XV, Syrian type, Late Roman 1 type, and Byzantine type amphorae. The sites where they were found reveal marked ancient Hellenistic and Roman influence on their use in Bosnia and Herzegovina: not only Daorson, but also at the sites of Roman villas, in Višići, Panik, and in military forts, urban settlements and the like, where the ancient, Mediterranean and Roman diet was well established. Despite the many archaeological excavations that have yielded amphorae, and their publication as part of the presentation of individual sites, this is the first synthetic treatment relating to the material located in Bosnia and Herzegovina

A copperplate land grant by Raṇasiṃhadeva of the Candrāvatī Paramāras

Author(s): Dániel Balogh / Language(s): English / Issue: 3/2010

A land grant issued by Raṇasiṃhadeva of the Candrāvatī branch of the Paramāra dynasty in North-West India has recently come to my attention. It contains a genealogy of the Candrāvatī line from Utpalarāja to Raṇasiṃha. This ruler was hitherto known only from one published inscription (the Roheḍā plates), and has been thought to be a usurper who briefly snatched the throne from the legitimate ruler Dhārāvarṣa. The grant, dated 1 November 1161 CE, makes no mention of Dhārāvarṣa, calling for a reinterpretation of some ambiguous lines of the Roheḍā inscription. It is a possibility that Raṇasiṃha was not a usurper, but ruled as a regent during Dhārāvarṣa’s minority and then willingly handed the throne over to him.

A csudaszarvas

Author(s): Vilmos Voigt / Language(s): Hungarian / Publication Year: 0

It was likely in early 1926 that Ernő P. Ábrahám's A csudaszarvas (That Wondrous Deer), an overview of Hungarian history for young readers, was published in Budapest. It starts with early Hungarian history (more precisely Hunnic-Hungarian history) and takes us all the way up to the situation after World War I. It is illustrated with Romantic tableaux that depict spectacular scenes witnessed by a young prince named Árva (a name which means "orphan"), who is whisked from one part to the next by his magic steed Tüzes (meaning "fiery"). The mythical csodaszarvas, or wonder deer, appears in several scenes, but it is signified in the book with the more folksy form csudaszarvas (roughly, "that wondrous deer"). The book is very richly decorated, with embellishments, initials and full-page illustrations that portray key scenes from Hungarian history. These were produced in the studio of a contemporary graphic artist, the multi-faceted and renowned Álmos Jaschik. And one of the age's most prominent Hungarian politicians, Albert Apponyi, wrote the foreword to the book. On carefully surveying this foreword as well as the body of the work and the illustrations, one discovers that the book serves a legitimist goal and that it was created for a "boy who lives far away," who received the first, hand-painted copy. This boy was actually the son of the last Habsburg king of Hungary, Charles IV, who had by then died; the heir presumptive to the throne was Prince Otto. The article discusses the multi-layered and informative writing and iconography of the book as well as the author and the designer of the illustrations. A detailed study of both text and images brings out the several phases that went into planning and making the volume. Incidentally, the csudaszarvas variant in the title is well established in Hungarian literature and art. Interestingly, however, it is unknown among latter-day readers. It is revealing that the wonder deer not only shows the way to a new homeland, but also plays a role in the story of the founding of the church at Vác and brings the hero of the book all the way to the modern age. A discussion of the many-sided text and of points about content and iconography is useful insofar as it reveals well-known stereotypes about both early and later Hungarian history.