“Labour that Serves the Good of All”. Technocratic Ideals and Czech Experts in Cooperation with Nazis in Bohemia and Moravia.

Author(s): Radka Šustrová / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2020

The article focuses on the role of Czech experts in the regulation of labour distribution and the implementation of preventive and diagnostic healthcare during the Nazi occupation of Bohemia and Moravia. The technocratic ambitions of Czech experts are examined in tandem with the Protectorate organisations involved in regulating the labour market and recruiting workers for the German arms industry. The starting point of the study is Vladimír Sach’s novel Frantík, kladivo a spol. (Frantík, the Hammerand Co.), published in 1943, which reflects the technocratic ideals of the time and the author’s rationalisation of collaborative activism while expressing admiration towards the Nazi’s sophisticated distribution of labour. The following parts explore the institutional context, namely the Institute of Human Labour, and the involvement of experts in the official structures of the Protectorate and the rationalisation of everyday life in terms of employment policy and public health. The author draws on “rationally justified activism,”which kept the professional line of reasoning intact, allowing experts to define what was good and efficient for the Czech nation. Scientific rationality and political impartiality allowed Czech experts to significantly contribute to the social stabilisation of Bohemia and Moravia, which tended to the needs of keeping the social security systems and state administration going in the (Czech) national interest after the Munich Agreement of September 1938 and during the Nazi Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia.

„Böhmischer Zirkel“ und „typischer Charakterzug der slavischen Kriminalität“. Zur Ethnisierung von Kriminalitätsdiskursen im Deutschen Kaiserreich und in der Habsburgermonarchie

Author(s): Volker Zimmermann / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2020

The image of the ethnic deviant other is present today in many ways: for example in deep-rooted perceptions of Roma as habitual criminals or in jokes about Polish car thieves. This article examines ethnically based criminalization using the historical example of two regions: the eastern provinces of Prussia and the Bohemian Lands. It intends to uncover mechanisms and interpretative patterns through which outside images of particular ethnic groups were associated with notions of criminality, and thus served to construct groups of criminal “others.” With this purpose in mind, the article analyzes discourses and regional social practices in relation to criminality.

„Fondul interzis”. Note etnoantropologice despre gestionarea folclorului obscen

Author(s): Mircea Păduraru / Language(s): Romanian Issue: XIII/2021

The article reflects on the invisibility of the obscene/ pornographic traditional creativity from the archives, most authorized collections as well as from the field of Romanian ethnology and folkloristics. “Fondul interzis” (the Prohibited Fund) is in fact an expression that refers not to a forbidden part from the folklore archive, because such materials in fact exist, but rather to a set of practices of exclusion that isolate and dismiss obscene/pornographic folklore as irrelevant and non-specific for national ethnology. The demonstration points to the way in which political and ideological landmarks are transformed into epistemic criteria.

„Zachód” w koncepcji dziejów Polski Waleriana Koronowicza-Wróblewskiego

Author(s): Barbara Klassa / Language(s): Polish Issue: 13/2021

Walerian Koronowicz-Wróblewski’s Słowo dziejów polskich (Th e Word of Polish History), published in 1858–1860, was a very popular work in the second half of the nineteenth century. His author proposed his own interpretation of Polish history, idealising the role and activities of the nobility to the extreme. Koronowicz-Wróblewski focused primarily on eastern issues, including the relations of the Polish state with its eastern neighbours. Th e following text aims to examine how the West (understood both as Western Europe and as the Polish-German and Polish-Czech borderlands, changing their nationality in the course of history) is perceived in this author’s conception.

„Етничният синдром“ четвърт век по-късно – едно научно откровение за народа, паметта и историята

Author(s): Elya Tsaneva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2021

For almost three decades now, there is an ongoing, but also inconsistent search for a new conceptual framework for the study of ethnicities and identities. Against this background, the article offers an interpretation of a fundamental monographic text on this subject from the recent past, a contemporary evaluation of a book from the arsenal of ethnic/national dialectic theory. Written by an insightful connoisseur of culture and history, the book presented some innovative and provocative ideas about the relationship and the dynamic combination of the most important phenomena and characteristics of the ethnonational process. The author shares some thoughts about the ways in which these ideas can be interpreted from the point of view of today’s methodological explorations.

„Историзирането“ на междувоенната епоха като преоценка и дискусия

Author(s): Nikolay Poppetrov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 8/1991

A presentation of Ernst Nοltе. Der europaische Burgerkrieg 1917–1945. Nationalsozialismus und Bolschewismus. Frankfurt/Main–Berlin (Ullstein-Propylaen Verlag), 1987 (Eрнст Нолте. Европейската гражданска война, 1917–1945 г. Националсоциализъм и болшевизъм. Франкфурт на Майн–Берлин, изд. Улщайн-Пропилеен, 1987. 616 с.) and Rainer Zitelmann. Hitler: Selbstverstandnis eines Revolutionars. Stuttgart (Klett-Cotta), 3 Aufl., 1990. Райнер Цителман. Хитлер: caмопонятието нa един революционер (Щутгарт/Клет-Кота/, 3 изд. 1990. 603 c.)

Істина і неконсеквентність: парадокс Лєшка Колаковського

Author(s): Iryna Bondarevska / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 6/2019

In the philosophical works of Kolakowski, the concept of inconsistency is a guideline that moves the subject closer to truth. Truth disappears when consistency prevails, that is a logic, a method, a tradition of thinking. And there is no need to reject the sequence in general, as there is no need to follow it. But there is a conflict between Kolakowski as the Thinker and Kolakowski as the Human Being. The first one tries to find the best way to describe the world with concepts, the second one wants to gain a comfortable existence in the world. The first needs doubt, the second wants to feel certainty. The philosopher as the Human Being wants to have a firm belief in those things the Thinker can only be hopeful of. The purpose of the article is to show how the Human Being and the Thinker compete in Kolakowski’s works, as their understanding of truth and the ways to it are different. Kolakowski’s paradox is that the inconsistency of the mind should advance us towards the truth, but it reinforces doubts whether truth is possible in general. If you replace the inconsistency with faith, the prospect becomes even foggier. Consequently, the author concludes that Kolakowski stayed in the state of uncertainty regarding how to solve the conflict. Theoretically, he prescribes the need for faith but does not explain how to practically combine faith and doubt in one head. The Thinker often wins with the Human Being and then retreats and comes back again. The Thinker and the Human Being are not an identical opposition to rational and irrational. It is a conflict which concerns the two subject guidelines: will to know and will to exist.

Історична постать Ігнація Яна Падеревського крізь призму синтезу мистецької та політичної діяльності

Author(s): Gabriella Laslivna Astalosh / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 4/2021

The purpose of the article is to reveal the role of I. J. Paderewski in realization the patriotic ideas of Poland's independence through the prism of synthesis of creative and political activity. In accordance with the goal the following tasks were set: to consider the figure's biography in interaction aspect of the basic spheres of functioning; determine the personal prerequisites for national ideas formation; to reveal the practical implementation of life credo; to characterize the historical, social and cultural, artistic contribution. Methodology. In course of the research the following methods were used to reveal the presented problems: historical (study of the life story), source studies (elaboration of existing scientific works on related issues), analytical and structural-logical (coverage of the chronological aspect of the problem, understanding the specifics of activities), method of theoretical generalization (to summarize). The scientific novelty. For the first time in the history of Ukrainian scientific thought the figure of І. J. Paderewski was considered as a complex phenomenon of the interaction of human's radically different spheres of activity. Conclusions. The personality of pianists, public figures, orators, politicians, and philanthropists became a main in both the musical and political life of Poland in the late XIX - early XX century. Thanks to his incredible musical talent and rich concert practice, he brought the problem of Polish national identity to the world level and enlisted the support of the most influential circles in matters of statehood. Paderewski’s phenomenon is in his indomitable spirit, faith in the independence of his country, efficiency in all spheres of his life, in the complex unity of poetic art and prudent politics. In the European cultural heritage, this is a unique case of coexistence of contrasting human activities, their mutual functioning in achieving the existential credo of an outstanding person.

Чужой в тандеме с хищником: звериные статусы и воинские ранги погребенных Солохи

Author(s): Sergei Aleksandrovich Kozlov / Language(s): Russian Issue: 3/2021

The present article attempts to transcode the “animal” status of those buried in the first monumental burial ground of the Scythians in the Lower Dnieper region — the famous Solokha barrow. Solokha’s materials are seen as an optimal case for such kind of study. On the one hand, two burials from different periods and of different statuses were found underneath the mound. On the other hand, each of the burials contained artefacts with depictions of wild and mythological predators, which makes it possible to correlate the statuses of the buried with the depictions of beasts. Based on the analysis of the funeral contexts in Solokha, and taking into account the semantics of animal styles, it is possible to conclude that the lateral grave belonged to a legitimate king of the Scythians (conventionally, “Oktamasades”) whose status was clearly marked by feline-shaped predators, and the central one — to a “prince” (conventionally, “Orikos”) who died at a young age and forever remained on the primary, “wolf” stage of military initiation.

ЧУТО-ВИДЯНО

Author(s): Ivan Marazov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 26/2022

The article aims to compare the creative principles of the epic and that of archaic art. The standard repeatable vocabulary of folklore and art is determined by the use of object and action formulas and themes, as well as rhythm and symmetry in the composition. In this way content is condensed and the whole myth can be read / remembered. For the initiates in the language of mythological thinking, figurative hints are sufficient to reproduce a mythological situation. As in myth and ritual, cosmogony is realized through naming, so in art the world is created through obtaining an image. The article draws analogies with Balkan folklore, as well as Greek, Vedic and Celtic mythology.

Щефан Трьобст. Македонският век. Мюнхен, 2007.

Author(s): Atanas Kremenliev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2008

Щрихи от историята на българския Златен век: преводната литература в контекста на духовното присъединяване към византийската общност

Author(s): Yavor Miltenov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2019

Bulgarian Golden Age is, on the one hand, a time of territorial expansion and significant presence on the political map of Europe; on the other hand, it is the period of the first major peaks in Slavic literature, and, probably, in arts and architecture. At its core, the Golden Age is joining the spirituality and mentality of the Byzantine world and adoption of the achievements of its centuries-old philosophical tradition. The Byzantine models in literature were borrowed by using two co-existing principles: copying and adaptation. The former might be observed in most of the works intended for non-liturgical individual or monastic reading, which were translated in full. The latter is found in miscellanies compiled from partial translations and excerpts, or in Old Bulgarian translations that were abridged, edited, or reworked. The article aims at examining the most important examples of such adaptation and its features, pointing out the role of the aristocracy and the ruler himself in guiding these processes.

ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОЕ ПОЛОЖЕНИЕ ТРУДЯЩИХСЯ МУРМАНА В ГОДЫ ГРАЖДАНСКОЙ ВОЙНЫ НА ПРИМЕРЕ СТАНЦИИ ИМАНДРА

Author(s): Eugene O. Sushko / Language(s): Russian Issue: 6/2022

The article investigates the financial situation of the workers and employees of the Imandra railway station during the Russian Civil War and the intervention on Murman. The key research questions are: what legal acts established the workers’ wages, and how these wages correlated with the general socio-economic situation of the inhabitants of the Northern Oblast. The main sources of research are archival materials containing information on the salaries of employees who held various positions, reports on the average wages of women and men, and the minutes of meetings of officials discussing the economic problems on the Murman. Archival data on the life of workers at the Imandra depot are used for the first time. It is concluded that at the Imandra station there was a significant gender inequality in terms of wages, with the average wage of men being almost twice the average wage of women. Nevertheless, despite all the difficulties, the station workers had access to the free purchase of consumer goods, although the prices for these goods were relatively high. It is concluded that one of the main problems of the Northern Oblast population was the rapid inflation of the ruble that resulted in higher prices, while wages could not match them.

ЭТНОГРАФИЧЕСКИЕ ЭКСПЕДИЦИИ А. М. ЛИНЕВСКОГО В КАРЕЛЬСКОЕ ПОМОРЬЕ

Александр Михайлович Линевский был одним из первых профессиональных этно- графов в Республике Карелия. Цель статьи – анализ архивных материалов двух этнографических экс- педиций А. М. Линевского

Author(s): Elvira A. Dzhioshvili / Language(s): Russian Issue: 8/2021

Юбилейна научна конференция „100 години Илинденско-Преображенско въстание“

Author(s): Snezhana Zaharieva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2003

Юбилейна научна конференция „100 години от гибелта на Дамян Груев“

Author(s): Elena Alexandrova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2007

Юбилейно за Дойно Дойнов

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2009

Юбилейно за Маргарита Василева

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2009

Юбилейно откровение за доц. д-р Стоян Германов (по случай неговата 75-годишнина)

Author(s): Dimitar Tyulekov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2012

Юбилеите на руската емиграция в България (1919–1944) през нейните вестници: приоритет на снизхождащото приспособяване

Author(s): Yordan Lyutskanov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2022

In my article, I analyse the newspaper imprints of some jubilee celebrations performed in the minds of Russian émigrés in Bulgaria, but also outdoors and indoors, between 1919 and 1944. Basing on M. Spariosu’s theory of exilic-utopian imagination and on the intuitive premise that an émigré community would inevitably pursue/problematize its accommodation within the host society, I locate the Russian émigré community and its celebrations within a tri-axial communicative situation whereby impulses for (self-aggrandising) introspection, mental war with the exiling power (sovietised Russia), and domestication of the host milieu are detectable. Considering newspapers as the most effective sites to host places of celebration for a (non-persecuted) ethno-cultural minority in the first half of the 20th c., and basing on prior historiography on the Russian émigrés of Bulgaria and on an overview of their periodicals, I identify as most conspicuous a constellation of jubilees that gravitated around the 50th anniversary from both the beginning and the completion of the 1877–1878 Russian-Ottoman war. Thus, I am able to discern the specificity of the communicative situation of that particular Russian émigré community against the benchmark of the ‘metropolitan’ one based in Paris. I approach these “imprints”, or “places of celebration”, as visual-verbal compositions (elaborating D. Georgiev’s ‘architecturology’ of newspaper); and as textualised experiences potentially reminiscent of the two cultural archetypes of “jubilee” for (post)Christian humankind, the Hebraic and the Roman ones.