Keywords: arts; an allowance organization; fiscal management of local governments; foundation deed will
A lot of different physical and juridical persons occur in the area of art. This article is focused on budgetary management of allowance organizations which are found by municipalities.
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Keywords: ethnic minorities; Europeanization; linguistic rights; Latvia; Russians
This article assesses the impact of Europeanization on the minority protection policies in Latvia. The diffusion of European norms into European Union and the declaration of the Copenhagen Criteria in 1993 marked the respect for minority rights as a condition for EU membership which is defined as part of the “acquiscommunitaire”of the European Union.1 In this paper, I ask “which domestic factors lead to the Europeanization of minority policies” to analyze the impact of Europeanization on the minority policies in Latvia. Utilizing the data from European Union official documents and reports from the year of official candidacy to accession, I explore the influence of “the position overnments” and the “veto players” on the Europeanization process of minority protection rights in Latvia.
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Abstract1 The Belarusian transition model significantly differs from those of the other countries of the region. Having implemented reforms which led to the formation of the market economy only partially, the Belarusian government nevertheless was able to substantially reduce social costs of the transition experienced by the population comparing to the other countries of the region. Recent impressive economic performance allowed officials within the country to speak about the alternative successful transition path. However, a closer look at the Belarusian economic development shows that the Belarusian economy is exposed to the multiple threats and the growth of the Belarusian economy could hardly considered being sustainable.
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Keywords: domestic violence; child marriage; forced marriage; Roma children; child rights; human rights; mental health and well-being; mental health promotion;
Domestic violence in forced child marriage can have impact on mental health and well-being of an adolescent. However, mental health problems are discussed less often than other negative consequences forced child marriage can cause. Although there are several international conventions, appropriate domestic law and active administrative bodies and NGOs embodying the strategies for protecting children, women and human rights, all these tools seem to be inefficient to protect children in a community practicing traditions which violate children’s rights. Article maps the available legal tools and analyses their application in European practice discussing whether these tools are effective enough to protect Roma children from domestic violence in forced child marriage and ensure their mental well-being.
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Keywords: emergency arbitrator; emergency relief; pre-arbitral interim measures; emergency arbitrator rules; enforcement;
Numerous arbitration rules were amended over the last five years to include provisions on the so-called emergency arbitration measures. An emergency arbitrator is appointed before the constitution of a full arbitral tribunal and is empowered to grant an interim relief that the applicants could have historically obtained in these urgent situations from ordinary courts only. The article discusses key aspects and challenges of the new institute in the context of both international commercial and investment arbitration.
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Keywords: European Union (EU); integration processes; European integration; Europeanization; European identity; self-identification; human rights; fundamental rights;
The research highlights the importance of European identity forming in the paradigm of anthropocentrism, reveals the nature, factors, mechanisms, peculiarities and problems related to this process. It is emphasized that the search for the most appropriate conceptual model for the construction of European identity is one of the important conditions for deepening the solidarity and unity of the peoples of Europe, the effective functioning of the European Union, the activation of European integration, the enhancement of synergies between supranational and intergovernmental components of integration processes. The practice of Ukraine on the constitutionalization of European identity and European integration, ie revision of the Constitution of Ukraine confirming the European identity of the Ukrainian people and the irreversibility of the European course of Ukraine, are investigated. The modern practice and doctrinal views on the issues discussed were analyzed. Prospects for the constitutionalization of European identity at the level of supranational integration are presented.
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Keywords: human rights; human security; sustainable development; EU external action; EU energy policy; energy transition;
European Union is considered as valuable actor in international surrounding. The principle of human rights as set in article 2 TEU is observed in its legislation and policies. The current development in area of sustainable development goals is also generating new challenges especially in relation to climate change. The EU as the signatory country of Paris agreement and observer to UN followed its obligations, and in contributing to climate change actions, focused its policy also to energy transition. The development in EU differ to universal development, due different political, legal and regional aspects. How the EU implement its obligation in sustainable development, climate change and energy transition with its human rights protection principle? The paper is focused on analysis, how the EU acts in concrete policy actions and whether there exists human rights and development nexus.
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Keywords: Covid-19 pandemic; trade companies; consequences; crisis
This paper analyses the business operation of trade companies in the Republic of Serbia during theCovid-19 pandemic and the impact of the crisis caused by this virus on the work of these companies. Namely, this crisis has caused serious problems in a short period in most sectors and altered the way they do business. It can be said that to a certain extent it caused damage to trade companies, with the effect of the pandemic differing by trade segments. For example, trade companies selling food products even achieved positive results in 2020, when compared to 2019. Accordingly, this paper aims to perceive the manner of business operation and achieved economic results of trade companies that operate in the territory of the Republic of Serbia during the period of existence of the Covid-19 virus.
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Keywords: resilience; competitiveness; geopolitical capability; societal security;
Resilience became a concept of first importance for today’s hybrid threats and conventional turbulences, even full-fledged wars in Europe. But since there is a number of theories and definitions of this concept, some type of rationale should be made, as for the instruments needed to measure the level of resilience of states, nations and societies. Moreover, there are a lot of projects, attempts and possibilities to do that, coming from different disciplines and fields of research which also need to be rationalized. More importantly, we need to find a proper set of indicators to show us an actor’s level of resilience in order to therefore propose a solution and public policies to enforce it. That is our aim in a multi-institutional approach to be launched in the near future. The most problematic part is that of finding suitable measurable items in order to describe some of the criteria for resilience that need to be approached in order to create a map of indicators and to deal, therefore, with a resilience level improvement.
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Keywords: integrated reporting capital market; sustainability; investors
Integrating reporting is a kind of response to the changed business paradigm and dynamic changes that have led to the fact that isolated financial information is not enough for effective decision-making by participants in the commercial and financial market. By highlighting the relationship between the financial and non-financial aspects of business, integrated reporting provides an opportunity to better understand the business model of the company, as well as the value creation process. As such, integrated reporting contributes to a better understanding of the quantitative and qualitative factors that shape firm performance, shifting investor focus from the short to the long term. The aim of this paper is to point out the importance of integrated reporting as an instrument that should provide a comprehensive insight into the value of the company and thus support rational decision-making on capital allocation.
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Keywords: public-private partnership; healthcare sector; investments; Law on Public-Private Partnership (PPP);
Public-Private Partnership (PPP) is an organizational model of public service delivery in which a public partner joins with a private one for a joint delivery of a public service, creating added value for both parties in this “partnership”. From the point of view of the public partner, it decreases public expenditure, increases the quality and distribution of public services, and reduces agency costs. From the point of view of the private partner, the benefits are in achieving the planned rate of return, reducing sub-investment costs, reducing agency costs, and avoiding debt risk. There are numerous studies on the correlation between economic development and investment through PPP, which have led to this research. According to the legal framework in Bosnia and Herzegovina, which is composed of entity and cantonal laws, a subject of PPPs may also be construction, use, maintenance and management or reconstruction of property for the purposes of meeting public needs in the health service sector. The aim of the paper is to explore the legal and institutional assumptions of investing through the PPP model in Bosnia and Herzegovina health service sector and to make recommendations for improving the PPP situation in the health service sector. In addition to the introduction and conclusion, the paper is structured in three parts. The first part represents a concise theoretical framework in which the subject of the research is situated, the second part presents the state of affairs pertaining to investments in the health service sector, and the third part analyzes the current state of the use of this form of public service delivery in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The concluding section makes recommendations for improvements in terms of improving the investment through PPP in the sector of health care services.
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Keywords: media; democratization; investment in infrastructure; investment on the individuals; encouraging self-regulation
The article aims to make an analysis by identifying and describing all activities, projects and initiatives undertaken by the government, American institutions or organizations in the media sector in Albania after 1990. This contribution is extended to all aspects and professional and organizational phases of media. The first aspect of the analysis has to do with the US contribution in opening and consolidation of the Department of Journalism at the University of Tirana, to make it a laboratory to prepare, certify and graduate journalists of the free press era. In this context, there will be identified the number and the type of texts that have been recommended, translated and financed in order to form a rich, modern and up to date bibliography for students and professors of the Department of Journalism at the University of Tirana. A very useful and effective contribution in this respect is the possibility to have at the Department American lecturers and professionals to share their professional and academic experience! The second aspect, which was simultaneous with the first one, was the infrastructural support to the first free and democratic media. At a time when media was in poor conditions and lacking technology for printing newspapers, the International Media Fund donated the printing house "Democracia", where were printed the first six independent or opposition papers in the country. And the third aspect is related to what is considered "investment on the individual", by training media professionals, reporters, executives, managers and administrators of print and electronic, national and local media. This investment in human resources was conducted through short-term and medium-term trainings and comprehensive studies at Master level. It is difficult to measure exactly the effectiveness of this contribution, but what is for sure is that, it has a positive impact in the media market in ensuring standards of the profession.
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Keywords: Musical Rhetoric; affective charge; DSCH;
Quartet No. 8 in C minor, op.110 is perhaps the most appropriate direct testimony of the composer, having a special status among his 15 quartets, which he acquired both through the prism of the conjuncture in which it was conceived, as well as through the symbolic charge of the self-readings in its content. We will assume a rhetorical perspective over the opening part of this work, in order to trace, at the level of the score, the immediate manifestation of the composer’s intimate persona through scientific means of classification.
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Keywords: climate change; environment; greenhouse gas emissions; public-private partnership;
This paper aims to highlight an incursion and an analysis in the legislative package of Green Deal measures from the perspective of preventing and combating climate change and environmental degradation in order to meet zero greenhouse gas emissions targets by 2050 and sustainable economic growth. The analysis is made from the perspective of reconfiguration and economic transformation to ensure a lasting and lasting coexistence for present and future generations, but without affecting the environment, human health and the planet, with a focus on innovation and digitalization and having as main tool investments. through the prism of public-private partnerships. An essential tool for climate and environmental investments. The paper also considered the fundamental role of young people by involving them in actions to promote public-private partnerships with a role in educating them to prevent and combat climate change and environmental protection.
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Keywords: hybrid warfare; insecurity sources; Eurasia; migration; fake news;
Judging from the Russian Federation’s current behaviour, its attachment to the Eurasian identity stressed by Zbigniew Brzezinski 25 years ago is still very important. Equally important is projecting its influence to the Eastern NATO Flank to revive its dominance in Europe. For that to happen, logically, the democratic cohesion of the European Union and the dominance of the Euro-Atlantic Military Alliance have to be weakened. This paper aims to analyse the two most recent crises in which the Russian Federation is directly involved and its strategy for dominance – the Ukrainian crisis and the Belarus-EU border crisis. The methods employed by the Russian Federation – fake news and weaponising migration – are representative of the complex insecurity landscape that the democratic countries have to counterbalance. Analysing the degree to which these novel methods of aggression advanced the Russian Federation’s interests in the Black Sea would be the central point of the paper. To conduct such an analysis, qualitative methods were predominately used, such as content analysis of primary (official declarations and security briefs) and secondary sources (articles written and opinions expressed in mainstream media regarding the security crises). The conclusion does not aim to be a final one, but rather places the most recent events into the broader perspective of the new security landscape, dominated by complex threats and insecurity sources.
More...Keywords: Administrative liability; legal rules; contraventions;
Administrative liability is a means of protecting the established legal order; it is normatively determined and consists of the application of sanctions of administrative legal rules, etc.
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Keywords: face-to-face; blended; hybrid; online; teaching;
Traditional face-to-face classes have been replaced by online teaching in the pandemic, while recently there have been numerous educational institutions which promote blended or hybrid teaching. The present paper discusses the main differences among face-to-face, blended/hybrid and online teaching, as well as their advantages and disadvantages for students and teachers.
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