Keywords: ontological propis; rationality; legitimacy
The article discusses the conditions upon which certain rights are outlined in legislation. The “ontological propis” – the area of allultimate legal and moral objects is a given space that guides legislation and such are the unconditional values they are not freely chosen, they are pre-chosen.
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Keywords: Cloud computing: education: e-services: flexible learning environment: resources
This document presents the main opportunities and challenges based on structural principles and potential capabilities of the cloud, as applied to the world of education. The purpose of this document is to show how a recent technological development could lighten, in some regards, the burdens of equipment, management and new teaching methods.
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Keywords: Hungarian pension scheme; Hungarian supplementary pension scheme; pension insurance; occupational pension; retirement savings account; Voluntary Mutual Insurance Funds; Private Pension Funds;
The structure, the current role, and the individual elements of the Hungarian supplementary pension scheme are presented in this study. As a Member State, it is important to follow the running courses related to the pension scheme and the supplementary pension scheme in the European Union (EU) as well as the problems declared and the answers given in the EU, which are also outlined in this paper.
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Keywords: the right to honour; human dignity; personality rights; criminal law; defamation; calumniation;
Criminal protection regarding the right to dignity and the right to honour is manifested differently in Romanian and Hungarian criminal law. Regarding the protection of these rights through criminal law, there have been similar measures, but the legislation of the two legal systems is different both in terms of the content of the offences and the set of sanctions.
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Keywords: lobby; public affairs; regulation; East Central Europe;
Lobbying is usually associated with corrupt activities, but its regulation is viewed as an especially important tool for eradicating corruption. Nevertheless, countries seem to find it hard to grapple with the matter of regulating lobbying, demonstrated by the fact that such regulation is predominantly lacking worldwide. The paper presents a brief incursion into the field of lobbying regulation in several countries of East Central Europe: the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, and Slovenia. It delves into some of the specifics of each country’s regulation in this respect or the lack thereof, trying to make sense of the reasons why countries seem to struggle with this regulatory challenge. As a topic that has been marked as important by the European Commission in its Rule of Law Reports, the paper looks into the ways this issue has been approached by the aforementioned countries in the light of their membership of the European Union and the public opinion of their citizens.
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Keywords: digital technology; electronic procedure; non-litigious procedure; public authorities; Hungary;
The objective of the study is to present the regulation of non-litigious electronic proceedings placed in the jurisdiction of courts, applicable in Hungarian civil procedure. The author examines such procedures in the fields of electronic company registration, insolvency procedures, and the registration of non-governmental organizations.
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Keywords: foreign direct investment; sustainable development; European Union; ecological issues
This paper aims to examine the role of international business behavior in the sustainable development of the European Union (EU) and to answer two questions: (1) To what degree could international business contribute to the development of a “green economy” under the uncertainty caused by the COVID–19 pandemic?; (2) In what way could host countries attract “green” and socially responsible foreign direct investment (FDI)? The statistical analysis of international business involvement in environmentally harmful sectors/industries of the EU economy indicates that the share of such investments in most member states did not exceed 20% of the total FDI stocks between 2015 and 2020. The structure of investments changed in half of the analyzed countries towards sectors/industries that were less harmful to the environment. These changes and high requirements for domestic and foreign companies within the framework of the EU’s environmental policy allow us to conclude that international business contributed to the ecological transformation of the EU. On the other hand, changes in the structure of FDI stocks located abroad by the EU Member States in environmentally harmful sectors/industries were multidirectional. Six of the EU states remained net exporters of direct investment in these sectors/industries. The involvement of foreign direct investors in the new EU Member States in sectors that are important for implementing the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the 2030 Agenda was not very high. It was characterized by high volatility and did not play a significant role in their economies. Attracting “green FDI” and socially responsible investments requires changes in policy towards foreign investors. They should include facilitating foreign investment, including investments aimed at sustainable development, incentives for investors to engage in “green investments”, and making investment agreements more flexible to combat climate change.
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Keywords: migration; emigrant; immigrant; refugee; cross-disciplinary;
IMMIGRATION AND REFUGEES’ ISSUES REPRESENT TOPICS WHICH HOLD THE HEADLINES OF NEWSPAPERS EVERYWHERE IN THE WORLD TODAY. SINCE IT IS A HEATED SUBJECT-MATTER WITH IMPLICATIONS IN THE MAIN ASPECTS OF LIFE, THE AIM OF THE PRESENT ARTICLE IS TO FOCUS ON SOME OF THE DOMAINS INTERESTED IN MIGRATION. THEREFORE, THE ARTICLE FOCUSSES UPON THE BOOK “MIGRATION THEORY. TALKING ACROSS DISCIPLINES” PUBLISHED WITH THE ROUTLEDGE IN 2022, WITH THE AIM TO CAPTURE THE IMPLICATIONS OF MIGRATION FOR THE SCIENCES ANTHROPOLOGY, DEMOGRAPHY, ECONOMICS, GEOGRAPHY, HISTORY, LAW, POLITICAL SCIENCES, SOCIOLOGY.
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Keywords: women's rights; military conflict; peacebuilding; war crimes; transitional justice; gender-based violence;
The article analyzes the current situation in the field of women’s rights in Ukraine and in the world. The international legal basis of the issue of protection of women's rights in conditions of war has been studied. The role of women is analyzed in terms of three role models according to the degree of involvement in the military conflict, namely: victim, military serviceman, women peace-builders. The topic of gender-based violence as a tool of war and terror of the civilian population, as well as mechanisms of legal protection for victims of war crimes, is revealed. The need to involve women in the processes of peace-making conflict settlements and peace-building is substantiated.
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Keywords: Cultural Content; authentic material; EFL; ESL; lesson plan
"A foreign language lesson is inextricably linked with a lesson on a new culture. The overriding goals of learning a language should be communication and the ability to apply the given structures and learned words and phrases in a particular situation. This lesson plan presents one of the UK’s flagship traditions - afternoon tea. There are many voices pointing out that the teacher should use authentic materials, and integrate the language lesson together with theculture. The scenario presented below fits into this rhetoric - it virtually takes the learner to a London tea room, Fortnum & Mason, where the student learns the vocabulary for booking a table and ordering an afternoon tea. In addition, they learn about elements of British culture - the traditions of tea drinking and celebrating afternoon tea together."
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Keywords: nature; children; kindergarten; mathematics
The article presents ideas for the formation of elementary mathematical notions in children attending a kindergarten. This is done through activities done outside, in nature. An essential task of preschool education is to form the correct attitude towards nature. The adolescents’ contacts with nature allows them to discover its beauty and to understand that math is all around them. The natural environment provides an inexhaustible supply of opportunities for the development and consolidation of important mathematical concepts – shape, number, arrangement, etc. During mathematical activities, the numerous natural materials can effectively be used as a didactic tool.
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Keywords: corona-skeptics; social movement; COVID-19 pandemic; social attitudes; Poland
Among the social and political outcomes of the pandemic in Poland, one should list the development of anti-COVID social movements. Their specific character, as compared to other social movements, is the subject of exploration in this paper. The basic objective of the paper is thus to analyse the motivations of members and supporters of the so-called corona-sceptic movement at the early stage of its presence in the Polish political arena. Key questions the authors sought to answer concern individuals’ assessment of their situation associated with the pandemic and their attitude to public institutions managing the crisis on behalf of the government. The paper is based on the results of a quantitative research carried out in December 2020.
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Keywords: COVID-19; multi-level governance; European Union; competences;
The current pandemic is not a new phenomenon, but the spread rate of SARSCoV-2, which poses a direct threat to the life and health of citizens, is quite unprecedented. And while it was known that a pandemic is sure to emerge, nothing was done to prevent it. Hence the questions: why did the states not react much earlier, and didn’t the EU join at an earlier stage? What contributed to this passive attitude? And in the case of the EU, were political reasons to blame, or was it simply a lack of competence? The aim of the article is to present the actors involved and activities they undertook within their competences. For the purpose of consideration, for which the theoretical point of reference is the concept of multilevel governance, the thesis was adopted that the protection of public health requires joint actions, undertaken on many levels and jointly coordinated.
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Keywords: Labor market; Digitalization; Legislation; Albania;
Although the digitization of the labor market in Albania is a relatively new process, through its analysis it is possible to identify some of the challenges and problems that this process faces and that must be resolved. Among them can be listed (i) the drafting of the legal framework, aiming for the labor legislation to create appropriate, encouraging and effective conditions for its development, (ii) the construction of the regulatory framework for the labor market with the objective of reducing discriminatory effects that digitization generates for certain categories of the active labor force, (iii) support for the development of capacities and professional skills in the active labor force to respond to the demands of the digitized labor market; (iv) interventions in the legislation and in the mechanisms operating in the digitized labor market to protect personal data and to adapt the national labor market to the regional and global labor market; (v) arrangements for the proportional distribution of the benefits that digitization brings.
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Keywords: public procurement; goods; works; services; mechanism; Directives; efficiency; state authorities; municipalities;
The subject of the study is the practical experience of the functioning of the mechanism of public procurement of goods, works and services in the member states of the European Union, its reformation under the influence of the introduction of new EU legislative norms in the field of public procurement, and the harmonization of the national legislation of the participating countries with Directives 2014/23/EU, 2014/24/EU and 2014/25/EU. The purpose of the work is to establish the impact of the new legislative norms of the European Union in the field of public procurement on the mechanism of procurement of goods, works and services for budget funds in the European Union, to identify the advantages of applying these norms. The methodological basis of the article is a set of cognitive methods applied to the mechanism of public procurement. The research was based on general scientific methods, namely: dialectical, which implies objectivity, comprehensiveness and systematic knowledge; logical; special methods of scientific knowledge: historical, method of systematic analysis and generalization of normative documents. The general logic of the article is based on a complex and systematic approach using modern scientific apparatus. Results of the article. The article establishes the main directions of changes in the mechanism and tools of public procurement in the countries of the European Union, which took place after the implementation of the norms of Directives 2014/23/EU, 2014/24/EU and 2014/25/EU, an analysis of the advantages of their implementation in national legislation of member states. The evaluation of the efficiency of the public procurement market in the EU countries was carried out. The directions and sources of further research are substantiated, first of all, by taking into account the aspects of digitalization of the sphere of public administration and finance, social and environmental innovations. Field of application of results. The results can be used by state and local self-government bodies, territorial communities, and economic entities of various forms of ownership. Conclusions. The new norms of EU legislation in the field of public procurement, set out in Directives 2014/23/EU, 2014/24/EU and 2014/25/EU, are aimed at simplifying procedures for public procurement of goods, works and services for budget funds, which promotes the free movement of goods and services in the countries of the European Union. As a result, customers get better value for money. Thus, public procurement becomes a tool of EU strategic policy. Although it cannot be claimed that the EU's public procurement policy is flawless, the experience of all participating countries is always taken into account in the process of its development and implementation. The EU public sector can use the procurement of goods, works and services with budget funds to increase the number of jobs, growth and investment, as well as to create an economy that is more innovative, resource and energy efficient and socially inclusive
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Keywords: respect for private and family life; birth certificate; child’s best interests; discrimination;
The following study took shape in the context of concerns that exist at the level of the European Union regarding the recognition of filiation in cross-border situations, mainly aimed at the children of same-sex couples. Thus, at the center of the analysis are those established by the Court of Justice of the European Union in case C-490/20, aspects reiterated on the ruling of the Court Order in case C-2/21. The main conclusion refers to ensuring compliance with the best interests of the child by effectively recognizing the freedom of movement and the rights attached to the quality of European citizens, for families with LGBTQ parents.
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Keywords: Getin Noble Bank (C-132/20); Joined cases Landespolizeidirektion Steiermark (C-368/20) and Bezirkshauptmannschaft Leibnitz (C-369/20);
The section includes a selection of the most important decisions of the Court of Justice of the European Union. The decisions are summarized and also the type of action, the main provisions invoked, the context, the law issues which have been raised, the conclusion of the case and previous decisions relevant to the case are indicated.
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Keywords: air quality; impact; pollution source;
The goal of the article is to present the statistical analysis based determination of the dominant air pollution sources in one of the Ostrava pollution monitoring stations. Statistical analyses were based on correlation analysis and quantile-based time pattern analysis. These analyses were able to prove that benzene and toluene pollution is dominantly caused by the same pollution sources. The time pattern analysis then proved the dominance of a nearby cokery. Time pattern analyses also proved traffic to be the dominant source of NO2 pollution and PM10 pollution to be the mix of traffic, heating and industrial sources.
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Keywords: Quality Function Deployment; Diagnostic Support Tool; Urban Public Transport;
This paper deals with the diagnostic support and its implementation possibilities to urban public transport quality management in the city of Zilina. It describes the Quality Function Deployment method with its own House of Quality tool along with its building. The complex building of the House of Quality was made in order to identify the key drivers needed to be improved for higher customers' satisfaction with the service quality.
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Keywords: pollution from biomass; particulate matter; separation;
Biomass combustion produces gaseous and solid pollution. Solid pollutants are small particles which are getting into the air with smoke and may be harmful to the environment, the human and animal health. Therefore, it is important to decrease their amount in the ambient atmosphere. Particulate matter sources are not only big combustion devices but also small combustion devices which are quite common and widely used. It is necessary to mention that the small boilers are not as monitored as bigger ones. Therefore, they are potentially a large source of pollution. The main objective of this work is to reduce particulate matter concentration produced by small residential combustion appliances by making a change of the geometric parameters in a flue gas path.
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