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Cultural turn and Political Science. Return to cultural-historical context

Kulturološki obrat i politologija. Povratak kulturno-povijesnom kontekstu

Author(s): Tihomir Cipek / Language(s): Croatian / Publication Year: 0

U politologiji je koncept kulture uglavnom korišten u objašnjavanju političke kulture pojedinih društva ili u sociologijskim nastojanjima da se objasne procesi modernizacije zapadnih društava. Termin kultura koristio se da bi se označio skup vrijednosti i normi koje su pripisivane ili su inherentne nekoj društvenoj skupini. Tako definirana kultura bila je polazište u sociologijskim teorijama modernizacije i kulturnoj antropologiji. U politologiji navedeni pojam kulture prisutan je u klasičnoj studiji o građanskoj kulturi Gabriela Almonda i Sidneya Verbe (1963, 2004). Njihovo je razumijevanje političke kulture kao “orijentacija u okviru političkog sustava” najproširenije u politologiji. Oni smatraju da je politički proces bitno određene time što neke društvene skupine imaju građansku kulturu, pa su spremne sudjelovati u političkom procesu vodeći brigu o općem dobru, dok je drugima ideja sudjelovanja u politici strana, te su pasivan objekt politike. Demokratski poredak oslonjen je – i nezamisliv je – bez prvih, aktivnih građana. U tokvilovskoj se tradiciji stoga naglašava značenje političke kulture za stabilan demokratski poredak.

Is There a New (Hungarian) Paradigm of Authoritarianism? A Politico-Economic Account

Postoji li nova (mađarska) paradigma autoritarnosti? Polit-ekonomski osvrt

Author(s): Alpar Lošonc / Language(s): Serbian / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: neoliberal authoritarianism; financial crisis; embedded neoliberalism; illiberalism

This work thematises the new paradigm of authoritarianism in Hungary. It contains three parts. The first part is dealing with the context of financial crisis in 2008, and the crisis-ridden ramifications regarding Hungary. The second part concerns the phenomenology of authoritarianism including the transformation of the functions of Constitutional Court or the modifying of the checkbalance system of politics. The third part depicts the phenomenology of the national capitalism in Hungary with the account of such political measures as flat tax. In contrast to the usual analysis this work develops an argumentation that: a) explains the authoritarianism as a response to the crisis of embedded neoliberalism in Hungary during the last decade, b) instead of the frequently used populism emphasizes the strong connection amongst neoliberalism, authoritarianism, and neoconservativism. The relatively specific national neoliberalism burdened with the authoritarian patterns of employment and work could throws light on the illiberal tendencies within the paradigm connected to the political figure of Victor Orban.

Comment to the Questions of Identity and Humanity Criterions in the Light of Some Wittgensteinien Realization

Megjegyzések az identitás, az önazonosság és az emberség kritériumainak kérdéseihez néhány wittgensteini meglátás fényében

Author(s): János Kristóf Bodnár / Language(s): Hungarian / Publication Year: 0

IDENTITIES

IDENTITETI

Author(s): Jasmina Hasanagić / Language(s): Bosnian / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: identities; sex & gender; transgender; sexual orientation;

Identitet može biti definisan kao lična karakteristika bilo kojeg pojedinca, a koju dijele članovi_ice određene društvene grupe. Psiholozi najčešće koriste termin identiteta da opišu osobni identitet, dok ga sociolozi koriste da opišu društveni identitet. Termin pregovaranje identiteta u sociologiji označava proces u kojem osoba pregovara sa društvom o značenju svog identiteta. Društvo i kultura preko manje-više organizovanog sistema uloga i sistema značenja koje im pripusuje, daje mogućnost pojedincima da strukturiraju svoje aktivnosti, ali i značenja koje im pridaju. Međutim, društvo ne posjeduje jasan i konačan niz uloga, niti u društvu postoji apsolutni koncenzus oko normi i značenja koje uloge sa sobom nose. Da bismo razumjeli prakse koje pojedinci_ke imaju tokom svog života, neophodno je da razumijemo njihovo shvatanje sebe i značenje i značaj tih praksi u njihovom svakodnevnom životu. Drugim riječima, neophodno je da prihvatimo i razumijemo višestrukost ispoljavanja identiteta koji predstavljaju rezultat aktivnog odnosa individue i društva. Svaka osoba ima pravo definirati svoje tijelo i vlastite identitete, te zahtijevati od društva da to poštuje. To uključuje samodefiniranje i slobodno izražavanje vlastitog spolnog i rodnog identiteta i vlastite seksualne orijentacije. Međutim, rigidne društvene klasifikacije spola, roda i seksualne orijentacije ne prepoznaju i ne priznaju postojanje i ispoljavanje različitosti izvan definiranih okvira i njima imanentnih obrazaca ponašanja i djelovanja.

HISTORY OF LGBT ACTIVISM

HISTORIJA LGBT AKTIVIZMA

Author(s): Slobodanka Dekić / Language(s): Bosnian / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: LGBT activism; history;

U poređenju sa krajem 19. i početkom 20. vijeka, kada se stvaraju prve homofilske organizacije u Evropi koje promovišu toleranciju prema homoseksualnosti, savremeni LGBT pokret zaista djeluje kao uspješna priča o političkom aktivizmu, priča o tome koje su sve društvene promjene moguće u relativno kratkom vremenskom periodu. Međutim, kada bi se dublje zagledali u ono što danas nazivamo LGBT pokretom, vidjeli bi da na neka suštinska pitanja i izazove još uvijek nema odgovora. Na primjer, o čemu govorimo kada govorimo o istospolnim vezama, i da li time negiramo slovo T u čuvenoj skraćenici? Da li se LGBT pokret zalaže za prava seksualnih manjina (na osnovu čega smo sigurni da je riječ o manjini?) ili se zalaže za poštivanje seksualnih prava i kontrolu nad sopstvenim tijelom? Da li su zaista sva slova iz skraćenice zastupljena u LGBT aktivizmu, posebno u lokalnim/regionalnim kontekstima u kojima je transrodna zajednica gotovo nevidljiva, a biseksualna gotovo da nije nikada ni postojala na aktivističkoj sceni?

FEMINISM, REPRODUCTION AND ECONOMIC STATUS OF WOMEN

FEMINIZAM, REPRODUKCIJA I EKONOMSKI POLOŽAJ ŽENE

Author(s): Miloš Milićević,Sanja Petkovska / Language(s): Serbian / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: feminism; reproduction; economic status; women; labour; human rights; salary; inequality; transition; unemployment;

Kako biti ekonomski ravnopravna u sistemu strukturne ekonomske nejednakosti? Da li se borba za ekonomsku ravnopravnost svodi na borbu za ravnopravno učešće u eksploatisanju tuđeg rada, odnosno borbu za jednaku šansu da se dospe na poziciju eksploatisanih? Kako o poboljšanju ili pogoršanju svoje ekonomske pozicije govore gazdarica i radnica? Šta onda feminizam može da predstavlja za jednu, a šta za drugu?

Index names

Kazalo imena

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): Croatian / Publication Year: 0

Settlers and outsiders. Norbert Elias on otherness and social exclusion

Osiadli i outsiderzy. Norbert Elias o inności i wykluczeniu społecznym

Author(s): Marta Bucholc / Language(s): Polish / Publication Year: 0

The shaping of new concepts of citizenship in the conditions of multiculturalism

Kształtowanie się nowych koncepcji obywatelstwa w warunkach wielokulturowości

Author(s): Marta Szaranowicz-Kusz / Language(s): Polish / Publication Year: 0

Directions of contemporary sociological theory development: voices in the discussion

Kierunki rozwoju współczesnej teorii socjologicznej: głosy w dyskusji

Author(s): Aleksander Manterys,Lech M. Nijakowski,Barbara Szacka,Marek Ziółkowski,Jacek Raciborski / Language(s): Polish / Publication Year: 0

PROFESSIOLOGICAL CHALLENGES FOR EDUCATION IN THE LIGHT OF MODERN THEORY OF EDUCATION

PROFESJOLOGICZNE WYZWANIA DLA EDUKACJI W ŚWIETLE WSPÓŁCZESNYCH TEORII WYCHOWANIA

Author(s): Jadwiga Sebesta,Eugeniusz Szymik / Language(s): Polish / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: process of education;professiology; challenges;modern pedagogy

This article attempts to approximate concepts related to the process of education. The subject is based on the analysis of the phenomenon in terms of philosophy. Were presented sequentially major theories of modern pedagogy, including the ancient tradition. Attention is given to the following currents: the pedagogy of the heart (Maria Vane), spiritual pedagogy of love (Arthur Bruhlmeier), radical pedagogy of humanism (Erich Fromm), antieducation (Hubertus von Schoenbeck, Heinrich Kupffer, Ellen Key), anti-authoritarian pedagogy (Alexander Sutherland Niell, Benjamin Spock Thomas Gordon), pedagogy notprescriptive (Carl Rogers, Wolfgang Hinte), Gestalt pedagogy (Olaf Axel Burow, Ruth C. Cohn, Fritz Perls), emancipatory pedagogy (Paulo Freire), Christian pedagogy personal and – existential (Fr. Janusz Tarnowski, Sergius Essen), social pedagogy- personalistic (Aleksander Kamiński), intercultural pedagogy (Hartmunt M. Griese), integral education pedagogy (Volker Buddrus, Neil Nortman, Heinrich Dauber), a critical study of education (Jürgen Habernas), deconstruction (Derrida Jasques) and postmodernism (Francis Fukuyama, Thomas Szkudlarek). Reporting on these assumptions scores, made roughly compare them in terms of the role of teachers and teaching purposes – education. Present turns out to be a challenging field for theorists of education and an opportunity to controversies, disputes about the basic pedagogy. The core diagram of modern educational theory is today the axis of the dispute, subject to a stormy public debate, waiting for verification, which will bring the time, experience and dynamic social change.

Analysis of existing data - preliminary issues

Analiza danych zastanych – zagadnienia wstępne

Author(s): Marta Makowska,Rafał Boguszewski / Language(s): Polish / Publication Year: 0

Ryoji Ikeda’s Sonovisual Strategies Body as a Multifunctional and Polysensory Instrument

Sonowizualne strategie Ryoji Ikedy Ciało jako wielofunkcyjny instrument polisensoryczny

Author(s): Piotr Zawojski / Language(s): Polish / Publication Year: 0

Ryoji Ikeda is one of the most important artist of data in this moment. It is the art of contemporary infosphere which explores the world of invisible data that makes up our technocultural habitat. It is represented in the form of art of data (resp. data of art). In this article – among others – I present the most important thematic series of Ikeda works, such as datamatics, test pattern and a sort of culmination of previous research and artistic strategies which is an exhibition called the planck universe [micro|macro] organized in 2015 in the ZKM in Karlsruhe. Drawing inspiration from physics, mathematics, working with scientists (from CERN for example) Ikeda creates high-tech projects in the area of art@science. At the heart of its activities it is to practice what I call “logical emotions”. The paradox of “the logical emotions” lies in the fact that the artist is referring to scientific procedures and the use of hidden data that visualizes and sonificated at the same time appeals to the viewer of the body treated as a multifunctional and polysensory instrument. The context for my considerations is the Richard Shusterman’s concept of somaesthetics. Ikeda’s sonovisual experiments activate somatic or psychosomatic acceptance, which once David Bohm called “the principle of soma-significance”.

ENDNOTES

ENDNOTES

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: media; communication; politics; fake news; endnotes;

“The Fear of Small Numbers”? (Re)constructing Identities of American and European Muslims

“The Fear of Small Numbers”? (Re)constructing Identities of American and European Muslims

Author(s): Izabela Handzlik / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

The Olga Tokarczuk’s palimpsest stories. Literary fun (with) Eco?

Historie palimpsestowe Olgi Tokarczuk. Literackie zabawy (z) Eco?

Author(s): Krystyna Pietrych / Language(s): Polish / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: novel; intertextuality; narrative; model reader; novel illusion

The text is an attempt to demonstrate non-obvious relationships and affinities between the novels by the eminent Polish writer Olga Tokarczuk and Umberto Eco’s fiction and theoretical reflection on literature. This relationship turns out to be so complex that it becomes worthy of deeper consideration. For that purpose, I chose two novels by Tokarczuk – the first one and latest. These two achievements are the most multifaceted references to Eco’s novels, while also connecting the works by the Polish writer with a unique, “Ecoean” intertextual link. Far more space is dedicate to the last novel, Books of Jacob, because of its incomparably more extensive problematic content, both in terms of technique and the aesthetic, which builds a complex semantic structure. I bring out the multiplicity of intertextual relations, however the most important strategy used by both writers turns out to be double coding.

Disability as the Otherness

Niepełnosprawność jako inność

Author(s): Klaudia Muca / Language(s): Polish / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: disability;otherness;norm;popular discourse on disability;disability studies

Criticism towards a popular discourse on disability is rarely analyzed due to the fact that this discourse—created and performed by non-disabled people who examine disability from different points of view—can be biased. This powerful discourse creates some divisions in the public sphere founded on the concept of a norm. Consequently, a person who do not adhere to the norms may become excluded or perceived as the Other. The article critically examines the popular discourse on disability, emphasizing the fact that critical work on disability is still underdeveloped within the new branch of cultural studies gradually evolving in Poland. The main objective of the chapter is, therefore, to reconstruct the ideas, beliefs and images that establish the discourse in accordance to the autobiographical projects of the criticism of the popular discourse on disability that is based on the concepts of norm, deprivation, and otherness. The analysis takes into consideration Joanna Pawlik’s multimedial projects and a novel Dłoń (A Hand) by Michał Dąbrowski.

REFLECTIONS ON WAR AND POLITICAL DISCOURSE: REALISM, JUST WAR, AND FEMINISM IN A NUCLEAR AGE

RAZMIŠLJANJA O RATU I POLITIČKOM DISKURSU: REALIZAM, PRAVEDNI RAT I FEMINIZAM U NUKLEARNO DOBA

Author(s): Jean Bethke Elshtain / Language(s): Serbian / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: war; politics; political discourse; philosophy; realism; just war; feminism; nuclear age;

Kako smo stigli od Makijavelija do sigurnog uzajamnog uništenja? Tradicija realizma koja dominira u našim razmišljanjima o međunarodnim odnosima ne samo da pretpostavlja nego i zahteva kretanje »od... do« na način koji ću razmotriti u prvom delu ovog teksta, ispitujući postavke realizma u svetlu pitanja koja pokreće feminizam. U drugom delu, polazeći od istih pitanja, bavićemo se najvažnijim istorijskim protivnicima diskurzivne hegemonije realizma i teorije pravednog rata. Budući da su centralna obeležja realističkog mišljenja i teorije pravednog rata već poznata većini čitalaca, koncentrisaću se na promišljanje onoga što se čini odveć lako mislivim na razotkrivanje onih pretpostavki koje se aktiviraju kada se nađemo pred situacijom kolektivnog nasilja. U procesu razrade prva dva argumenta feminizam, kao poluga kritičkog mišljenja, ustupiće mesto savremenom feminizmu kao sistemu artikulisanih stanovišta. Skrećem pažnju na načine na koje se feministička misao o ratu i politici lako može zaplesti u nasleđenim diskurzivnim oblicima, reprodukujući pretpostavke koje učvršćuju umesto da razgrađuju sadašnje stanje stvari. Rad završavam tumačenjem teksta Hane Arent O nasilju, teksta koji obiluje inspirativnim simbolima i slikama koje ukazuju na mogućnost alternativnog diskursa.

On the Map as an Element of the Linguistic and Geopoetic Construct of the Essayist Discourse (On the Basis of a Reading of „Mapa” [„The Map”] by Andrzej Niewiadomski)

O mapie jako elemencie językowej i geopoetyckiej konstrukcji dyskursu eseistycznego (na podstawie lektury „Mapy” Andrzeja Niewiadomskiego)

Author(s): Małgorzata Karwatowska,Adam Siwiec / Language(s): Polish / Publication Year: 0

Niewiadomski’s work constitutes an original and open to different interpretations lecture on the topic of the map as a text of the world, a model of experience and a form of cognition, into which a cartographic narrative has been inscribed, delineating the geopoetic shape of the discourse possible to reconstruct from the text. It is an essentially essayist discourse, one which eschews formal boundaries and limitations regarding the approach to the subject, using the autobiographical and fictional conventions, linking academic knowledge and erudition with literary work, philosophy with rhetoric, or, in other categories: direct and indirect representation, linking them through image and metaphor. The conceptually original approach to the topic is predicated on the concept of the essayist work as delineated in the discussed work (Musil’s writing) as well as a certain reflexivity characteristic of the essay, maintaining the connection with the model of authorial relationship with the world and revealing the author’s “I” (self‑presentation), intertextuality and the quotation technique, which are based on the modal framework of the utilized essayist discourse: interactive stance and dialogism (a dialogue between the author and himself as well as his writing project, realized in the act of writing, as well as a dialogic stance towards the intended reader). Other characteristics possible to find in the text are the stacking of meanings, departure from monosemy, and, in the sphere of composition: non‑linear narrative. All of those elements come together in a particular way to form the lecture on the subject of the ontology of the map, while also influencing the reading of Niewiadomski’s essay, which is a difficult text to read and comprehens, requiring particular literary and cultural competences from the reader.

The Holistic Literary Character: The Body and the Soul The Holistic Medicine in Literature

The Holistic Literary Character: The Body and the Soul The Holistic Medicine in Literature

Author(s): Simona Liutiev / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: somatic diagnosis; intimacy; authenticity; character decentralisation; holistic medicine;

Intimacy in fiction is an aesthetical, symbolical and emotional choice. Medicine and novel writing seem to prolong the disease nature has given to mankind. Some writers’ propensity for structural themes and motifs from pathology can be considered both a professional and a somatic diagnosis predisposition. Life as a fate leading to death was a general idea at the end of the 19th century. To suddenly utter, that the soul is the body could have destabilised humanistic sciences, and it meant the decentralisation of literary character, the shift of narrative techniques, the conversion of psychology to physiological analysis emphasising the authenticity of sensation. Hortensia Papadat Bengescu’s characters are so fleshless, that it’s easy to see their soul. Illness is their only connection to the world. Each character tragically aspires to a common life, refused to all of them by their psychological or physiological condition.