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BETWEEN LETTER AND VOICE OR THE DADAIST CULT OF TRANSITIVENESS

ENTRE LA LETTRE ET LA VOIX OU LE CULTE DADAÏSTE DE L’EPHEMERE

Author(s): Andreea Apostu / Language(s): French / Issue: 1/2016

Keywords: Dada; jogglers; medieval; textual mobility (mouvance); performance; poetry; theatre.

Between letter and voice or the Dadaist cult of transitiveness. This paper aims to analyze the way in which Dadaists tried to liberate literature from its typographical permanence through their oral poetical experiments. Our thesis is that Dada inaugurated an esthetic of transitiveness, of the poem as spectacle, a temporally and temporary act that may have its origins non only in primitive forms of artistic manifestations (such as African music and rituals), but also in the European tradition of medieval jogglers and minstrels. Even though fundamentally different, the medieval and the Dadaist performances are a form of theatrical expression that aim at an artistic totality, by implying the simultaneous use of voice, gesture, music and dance, and in the same time at an unique and unrepeatable representation, defined by instability and textual mobility (mouvance). The poem becomes, in both cases, a pre-text and a starting point for a much more intricate and transgressive text, that of the performance itself.

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Analysis of Household Characteristics Affecting the Demand of PLN’s Electricity. An Observation on Small Households in City of Medan, Indonesia

Analysis of Household Characteristics Affecting the Demand of PLN’s Electricity. An Observation on Small Households in City of Medan, Indonesia

Author(s): Tongam Sihol Nababan / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2015

Keywords: Small household; electricity energy; willingness to pay; tariff; location

This study aimed to: (1) analyze the characteristics of households affecting energy consumption of simple household electricity, (2) analyze the probability of each of the factors affecting the energy consumption of small household electricity. The study was conducted in city of Medan in the period of January 2014 to September 2014 with samples of 143 small households as the customers of PLN (State Electricity Company) Medan,which use the low voltage of electricity named TR-1/450VA. Data were analyzed by using the logistic regression model. The estimation results indicated that: (1) the higher the willingness to pay (WTP) of households, the higher the tendency to consume electrical energy >100 KWh per month by 4.694 times than of the households with willingness to pay < Rp 100 thousand per month, (2) the closer the households residence to the city center, the higher the tendency to consume electrical energy > 100 KWh per month by 2.288 times than of the households residence in the suburbs, (3) increasingly unfavourable response to electrical quality, the higher the chance to consume electrical energy > 100 KWh per month.

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Energy Awareness and Conservation Behavior of Russian Residential Households

Energy Awareness and Conservation Behavior of Russian Residential Households

Author(s): T. Yu. Anisimova,A.R. Sadriev / Language(s): English / Issue: 04 (16)/2016

Keywords: energy efficiency; environmental conservation; customer; environmental behaviours and practices.

The programme aimed at the increase of energy efficiency of the economy has been implemented in Russia in the last10 - 15 years. The corresponding regulatory base and energy-saving programmes were worked out at both national and republic levels. The results of this programme were sufficient up to 2008. However, rather insignificant changes have takenplace in Russian energy efficiency since the world financial crisis of 2008. So, it is impossible to speak about any positive tendencies. It means that energy-wasting activities, taking place all over the country, exceed the positive effects of energy saving by enterprises. It is partly due to the population of Russia that comprises 150 million people. According to the research,68% of urban population has no ideas about management of energy consumption in their households, and 54% of urban people are not going to do it in the perspective. As a result of the research, different activities, aimed at promotion of energy efficiency, were proposed. We hope that the realization of these activities will facilitate the increase of energy efficiency of our country and, thus, the increase of the quality of the world ecosystem.

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The Professional Translator in the 21st Century – Education and Competence

The Professional Translator in the 21st Century – Education and Competence

Author(s): Belinda Maia / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2016

Keywords: professional translation; university translation programmes; EMT competences;

The role of the professional translator in our globalized world has changed considerably over the last few decades, and it has been difficult for educators to keep pace with the demands created by technology and the new expectations of clients. This paper will reflect on these circumstances and the problems they have posed for both the profession and universities. It will then go on to describe the initiative of the EMT – European Master’s in Translation Network and the competences this network believes are essential for the professional translator. Finally, it will reflect on the broader context in which these competences are required.

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Incongruity of civil law terms under Polish and British legal systems: a study of translation methods

Incongruity of civil law terms under Polish and British legal systems: a study of translation methods

Author(s): Anna Kizińska,Renata Botwina / Language(s): English / Issue: 12/2018

Keywords: equivalence; civil law; term; incongruity; functional equivalent; culture-bound term;

The present paper introduces seven Polish and British incongruent terms referring to civil law and makes an attempt to determine the translation methods applied while forming English equivalents for the Polish terms (“mienie”, “rzecz”, “nieruchomość rolna”, “część składowa”, “część składowa rzeczy”, “część składowa gruntu”, “przynależność”). The terms under analysis are the terms that appear at the very beginning of the third section of the Polish Civil Code called “Mienie” and constitute “terms” according to Sager (1990, p.19) and “legal terms” according to the division of terms by Morawski (1980, p. 187). The definitions of the Polish civil law terms are presented beginning with the definitions of a “term” and “equivalence”. The equivalents under analysis have been suggested in the IATE database and the most globally recognised forum for translators, “proz.com”. The research involves comparing the definitions of the terms and, if possible, the suggested equivalents, checking whether the equivalents appear in texts of the sources of the law of the United Kingdom. It has been concluded that the occurrence of system-bound terms as well as the phenomenon of the incongruity of terms make the process of translation extremely challenging, and it is difficult to find the single most adequate equivalent. Furthermore, the translation methods applied while forming the English equivalents have been determined.

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‘Growth in a Time of Debt’ as an example of the logical-positivist science

‘Growth in a Time of Debt’ as an example of the logical-positivist science

Author(s): Mariusz Maziarz / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2017

Keywords: Reinhart-Rogoff; logical positivism; methodology; causality; economics

The paper addresses the question whether the nowinfamous piece of econometric research conducted by Reinhart and Rogoff (2010) that set the threshold hypothesis in the relation between public debt and economic growth was conducted in accordance with the neopositivist doctrine. The article consists of two parts. First, the epistemic advice given by logical positivism is reconstructed and operationalized. Second, the cliometric method employed by Reinhart and Rogoff (2010) is analyzed. The answer to the research question is affirmative. ‘Growth in a Time of Debt’ is a piece of logical-positivist science because (1) the research is data-based and aimed at confirming the results, (2) its authors are committed to the neopositivist theory-observation distinction, (3) its goal is describing an empirical generalization and the result’s interpretations suggest that (4) Reinhart and Rogoff (2010) understand causality in a reductionist way, as a constant conjunction.

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The role of trait anxiety in induction of state anxiety

The role of trait anxiety in induction of state anxiety

Author(s): Snežana Tovilović,Zdenka Novović,Ljiljana Mihić,Veljko Jovanović / Language(s): English / Issue: 4/2009

Keywords: trait anxiety; state anxiety; mood induction;

The reported study had the following goals: to determine psychometric characteristics of a new instrument purpoting to measure trait anxiety – AT29, to explore the effectiveness of a mood induction procedure in eliciting state anxiety, and to determine the role of trait anxiety, as measured by AT29, in responding to mood induction. AT29 was administered as a part of a larger test battery to 232 psychology students during a mass testing session. After three weeks, 90 students were randomly selected to participate in the second, experimental phase of the study. These selected participants were randomly assigned to two groups: experimental (mood-induction group) in which participants watched a video clip with a fear-inducing content and control group in which participants watched a neutral video clip of the same duration as the fear-inducing clip. State anxiety was measured in both groups using the STAI-S questionnaire right before and after mood induction. It was demonstrated that there is a significant association between trait anxiety as measured by AT29 and state anxiety obtained at both measurement occasions before and after mood induction. Following fear induction, the experimental group demonstrated higher state anxiety scores. However, the interaction between group membership and trait anxiety was not significant. Potential explanations regarding the lack of effect of trait anxiety on state anxiety in this mood induction experiment were discussed as well as some recommendations for future research. Additionally, the results suggested that AT29 has very good psychometric characteristics: high internal consistency and test-retest reliability (.96 and .86 respectively), as well as good divergent and convergent validity.

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URBANIZATION IN TOURISM REGIONS

TURİZM BÖLGELERİNDE KENTLEŞME

Author(s): Emine Ay Yiğit,Yusuf Yiğit / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 39/2018

Keywords: Urbanization; economy; tourism; rural development;

Today, the country mainly through the city, including the metropolitan cities compete with each other. Banking, countries that have national and international integrated urban transport system in areas such as trade, they pass on this competitive advantage. Urbanization, industrialization, increasing the number of cities in parallel to the structure of society that results in the growth of today's city of the increase of organization, created the division of labor and specialization have led to changes in human behavior relationship. The tourism sector in the local economy, the balance of payments, employment and contribute to regional development can not be underestimated is more. Urbanization in tourist town, but allows use of Employment of nature along by providing value through the use of discarded or will not be used and will provide income equality. As a result of the development of the tourism sector in rural areas will be opened up to tourism. The study will focus on the impact of rural development of the tourism city.

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The Evolvement of Online Consumer Behavior: The ROPO and Reverse ROPO Effect in Poland and Germany

The Evolvement of Online Consumer Behavior: The ROPO and Reverse ROPO Effect in Poland and Germany

Author(s): Jessica Kowalczuk / Language(s): English / Issue: 3/2018

Keywords: uncertainty avoidance; online consumer behavior; ROPO effect; Reverse ROPO effect;

Purpose: The aim of the study was to find out whether the online shopping behaviors ROPO and Reverse ROPO Effect differ between Poles and Germans. Methodology: The author conducted quantitative research among Polish and German students (129 questionnaires). The measures for this study were hypotheses that tested in mean and comparative analysis. Findings: In the context of online consumer behavior, the results indicate that consumers display different preferences for ROPO or Reverse ROPO Effect. These differences trace back to cultural differences, particularly different uncertainty avoidance levels, and different stage of e-commerce markets maturity. Research implications: E-commerce markets constantly evolve and so does online consumer behavior. While immature e-commerce markets follow their mature counterparts, their respective online consumer behavior also evolves, currently displaying different tendencies in ROPO and Reverse ROPO Effect between markets. Limitation: Respondents that cover all age groups would be more representative of the respective countries of analysis. Moreover, instead of a cross-sectional, one should conduct further research with a time-series study to capture trends in behavior adoption, which effect from the evolving nature of the e-commerce retail market.

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Author, Translator, and Editor Meeting the Reader. The Land of Cheese by Felicia Mihali

L’auteur, le traducteur et l’éditeur à la rencontre du lecteur. Le Pays du fromage de Felicia Mihali

Author(s): Ileana Neli Eiben / Language(s): French / Issue: Suppl./2013

Keywords: self-translation; target reader; editor; rewriting; loyalty; creativity;

Le Pays du fromage [English title, The cheese country](2002) is the first novel published in Quebec by the Romanian Canadian writer Felicia Mihali. It is a translation by the author of her previous novel, Ţara brânzei, that appeared in Romania in 1999. Insofar as it seeks integration into an adoptive culture, it marks a new beginning, the text acquiring meaning in the encounter with the Other, whose centrality to the adoptive culture prompts questions regarding identity and transculturation. In this paper, we aim at observing the decisions an author translating his/her own work is likely to make when faced with the dilemma of whether to preserve the form of the source text very strictly or “naturalize” and “adapt” it to meet the expectations of the target audience. As well as the author-translator, a crucial part in this process, we argue, is that played by the editor,whose influence on the final version translation prepares it for the “encounter” with the target reader.

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Creating the Conditions for Broadband Business Entrepreneurship to Ensure Lasting Success for the Bulgarian Society

Creating the Conditions for Broadband Business Entrepreneurship to Ensure Lasting Success for the Bulgarian Society

Author(s): Bozhidar Hadzhiev,Valentina Nikolova-Alexieva,Iva T. Bachvarova / Language(s): English / Issue: 5/2018

Keywords: broadband business entrepreneurship; complex reengineering; digitalisation; industry 4.0

The theory and practice of broadband entrepreneurship is a fact, already. As stated in some research, "...In the modern world of business, entrepreneurship is becoming increasingly broadband and affects the creation of changes in every business space, at every level in every industrial and territorial dimension“. This is entrepreneurship driven by broadband shopping of goods and services, instant communications, negotiations and orders. It is based on the ideas of Complex Reengineering theory, the three-star model and the seven concepts of this theory.This study focuses on opportunities to create broadband business opportunities. An attempt is made to reveal the underlying factors for creating these conditions. The main purpose of this study is to analyze the factors for creating conditions for broadband business entrepreneurship in order to draw attention to the opportunities for achieving lasting success for the Bulgarian society.

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MAN, ANIMAL, AND MIRROR. ORIGINS OF THE HUMAN “I” ACCORDING TO HELMUTH PLESSNER AND JACQUES LACAN

MAN, ANIMAL, AND MIRROR. ORIGINS OF THE HUMAN “I” ACCORDING TO HELMUTH PLESSNER AND JACQUES LACAN

Author(s): Paweł Dybel / Language(s): English / Issue: 4/2018

Keywords: I; ideal I; dismembered body; mirror image; psychosis; narcissism; personality

In the article I compare the concept of the human “I” of Helmuth Plessner that underlies his philosophical anthropology with the theory of “mirror stage” by Jacques Lacan. Both they have been inspired by the experiment of Wolfgang Köhler in which a child and chimpanzee reacted differently to their image in a mirror. Plessner and Lacan drew different conclusions from this experiment. Plessner maintained that the child who recognizes its image in the mirror as its own takes into account the possibility of its replacement by other “I” on the level of its social roles and functions. Yet, at the same time it knows very well that nobody will be able to replace its own individual “I.” While Lacan says that the ideal image of “I” has the status of the defence-symptom representing an alternative to the feeling of dismembered body that the child experiences in the early phase of its life. This image of “I” is not given forever but is always endangered by the possibility of destruction and regress on its early stage of the dismembered body.The telling testimony of this is the passage au acte by psychotics in which the ouburst of aggression is accompanied by the destruction of “I.” Or the cases in which the I assumes the pathologically exaggerated shape. This possibility of destruction of I that is inherently rooted in its structure has been misrecognized by Plessner.

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AN APPROACH TO TEACHING VOCABULARY IN ESP CLASSES THROUGH TRANSLATION

AN APPROACH TO TEACHING VOCABULARY IN ESP CLASSES THROUGH TRANSLATION

Author(s): Elena Clementina Niță / Language(s): English / Issue: 30/2018

Keywords: specialised language; vocabulary translation; multiple equivalence;

The article aims at emphasising the strong connection between a good level of knowledge in the field of study and a good command of English to render specialised translation (English-Romanian direction) in ESP classes in the Higher Education. It comprises a short overview of basic tenets in translation theory regarding equivalence and technical communication, followed by a practical exemplification to classifying translational equivalence of technical terms in order to easily translate them. The article concentrates on the importance of vocabulary acquisition and consolidation through translation in ESP classes.

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Gender Differences in Dyadic Dominance During Interpersonal Interaction: The Comparison of Friends’ Dyads and Romantic Couples

Gender Differences in Dyadic Dominance During Interpersonal Interaction: The Comparison of Friends’ Dyads and Romantic Couples

Author(s): Kristina Ražauskaitė-Pilipavičienė,Kristina Žardeckaitė-Matulaitienė / Language(s): English / Issue: 22/2018

Keywords: Dyad; Dominance; Romantic couple; Same-sex friends;Interpersonal interaction;

Dominance can be found in every dyadic relationship including romantic couples, friendships or business partnership. Even though research confirms that men tend to have more power than woman not only in romantic relationships, but also in friendships. However, some scholars doubt that men’s dominance and women’s submissiveness are just an established stereotype. Thus, more information about gender differences in power distribution in different types of dyads (friends and romantic) during interpersonal interaction is needed. Aim.The aim of this study was to assess the differences in male and female dominance during the interpersonal interaction considering the types of dyads (same-sex friendships or heterosexual romantic partners). Participants. 36 dyads participated in this study, which consisted of male friends’ dyads (N = 12), female friends’ dyads (N = 12), and heterosexual romantic couples (N = 12). The participants aged between 18 and 31 years old with a mean age of 22 years old (SD = 2.23). Method. The study consisted of two stages. In the first stage, the participants were asked some questions about themselves and their relationship, and were invited to participate in the experiment. All of the participants were informed about the terms of experiment (usage of video record) and were able to express their willingness to participate in this study in written form. The second stage of the research was a quasi-experiment. During this stage participants, i.e. friends and romantic partners’ dyads, played the game “Jenga” for about 20 minutes. Results, conclusion. It was found that women tend to dominate more than men during the interpersonal interaction in general and in romantic couples. No differences in dominance were found comparing female friends’ and male friends’ dyads. However, more dominance was found in heterosexual romantic couples comparing to the male and female friends’ dyads.

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Interdisciplinarity, from the Source Language to the Target Language: Translating Linguistics

L’interdisciplinarité, de la langue source à la langue cible: traduire les sciences du langage

Author(s): Raluca-Nicoleta Balaţchi / Language(s): French / Issue: 10/2018

Keywords: translation strategies; linguistics; scientific text; terminology; corpus in translation;

La recherche du XXIe siècle dans le cadre des scienceshumaines en général semble être caractérisée par une fortetendance à l‘interdisciplinarité, qui apparaît, en plus, comme unsine qua non de toute approche scientifique. Pour certainesdisciplines notamment, l‘interdisciplinarité peut être mêmeconsidérée comme un trait constitutif. Dans la série de cesdomaines d‘étude, la traductologie, discipline d‘ailleurs très jeune,car elle vient à peine de gagner son autonomie, se plieparfaitement aux recherches de type inter- ou même pluridisciplinaire. Ceci en vertu tout d‘abord de ce que nous pourrionsappeler la nature protéiforme de l‘objet d‘étude de latraductologie: la traduction peut être en effet vue comme acte etSince linguistics is nowadays an interdisciplinary field, translatingtheoretical texts belonging to the linguistic province is a complex activitywhich requires, on the one hand, specific strategies and instruments, and, on theother hand, particular competences from the translator/ editor. Our paperdiscusses and illustrates this specific case of translation, on the basis ofexamples of translated texts from French into Romanian belonging to thesubfields of pragmatics and textual linguistics, with a focus on issues such asterminology, corpus, citations and paratext in translation.

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How Successful Are Undergraduate Students in Revising and Justifying Different Types of Translation Decisions in Response to Instructor Feedback?

How Successful Are Undergraduate Students in Revising and Justifying Different Types of Translation Decisions in Response to Instructor Feedback?

Author(s): Marta Chodkiewicz / Language(s): English / Issue: 42/2018

Keywords: translation quality assessment; directionality; L1 and L2 translation; translation competence; revision and justification skills

This article discusses a study which investigated undergraduate students’ skills in revising and justifying different types of translation decisions. Thirty-six students translated a text into the L1 or L2 using all available resources. The translations were assessed based on their functionality and other criteria related to preserving source text content and assuring target text adequacy; controversial translation decisions were marked with symbols denoting particular criteria. The students then revised or justified their translation decisions. The revisions, justifications, as well as instances where no action was taken were analysed in order to establish what actions the students performed regarding particular types of the instructor’s markings and how effective these actions were, both irrespective of and depending on directionality.

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The financial morality of Polish consumers

Moralność finansowa polskich konsumentów

Author(s): Anna Lewicka-Strzałecka / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 2/2019

Keywords: consent to abuse; financial morality; consumers

The consent to abuse made by consumers reflects a particular normative order which constitutes part of a socially accepted moral order. It constitutes a specific market regulator because the wide acceptance of unethical behaviours can hinder the functioning of legal and other formal institutions, while the lack of such acceptance can support them and make them more efficient. The paper presents the results of a periodical research project aimed at reconstructing this order in the financial area. The project, entitled “The Financial Morality of Poles”, includes a survey of a group of 1000 Polish adults from the whole country. The survey has been conducted on a yearly basis since 2016. The main result of the project is a map of Poles’ moral permissivism in the area of finance. The map is based on questions the respondents were asked about the level of justification of consumer activities which are illegal or which violate moral norms. Ethical standards for judging consumers’ behaviours vary considerably, from behaviours that are condemned by the overwhelming majority to behaviours deemed justifiable by more than half of the respondents. It was assumed that, based on the results obtained in individual questions, an estimate of consumer reliability on the financial market can be made. This estimate results from averaging the responses which accept the behaviours described in the questions and is defined as the acceptance index for unethical financial behaviours.

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The Vocal Ballad in the Works of Stanisław Moniuszko – Genre Fundamentals and Interpretation Aspects

Вокалната балада в творчеството на Станислав Монюшко – жанрови основи и аспекти на интерпретацията

Author(s): Elena Karaliyska-Trapkova / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 10/2019

Keywords: Moniuszko; romantic ballads; Mickiewicz; interpretation; “Świtezianka”

Stanisław Moniuszko (1819 – 1872) is one of the most prominent Polish composers of the Romantic era. Не created, developed and democratized the Polish national opera and is the author of hundreds of songs accompanied by piano, combining romantic traditions with idioms of Polish folk music. His work embodies in musical forms the wonderful lyrics of Adam Mickiewicz and other Polish poets of his time. This article’s thesis is focused on the genre of specific ballads in the Polish culture, projected in the vocal works of Moniuszko. Performing, dramaturgical and general structural analysis has been made, as well as the problems of the ensemble, of emblematic genre models such as “Świtezianka”, “Czaty” (“The Ambush”) and “Rybka” (“The Fish”) on the ballads of Mickiewicz, “Książę Magnus i Trolla” (“Prince Magnus and the Sea Siren”), “Dziad i baba” (“Santa and grandmother”) have been looked upon. The works are placed in a historical, genre and stylistic context, which makes them understandable and easy to perform by the young Bulgarian singers.

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Total Environment (Sculpture) as a Symbology: The Mesological Study of the Axe Majeur in Cergy-Pontoise

Total Environment (Sculpture) as a Symbology: The Mesological Study of the Axe Majeur in Cergy-Pontoise

Author(s): Yi-Ting Wang / Language(s): English / Issue: 19/2019

Keywords: Axe Majeur; environmental sculpture; environmental symbology; mediance; milieu; new cities in France; total environment.

In Cergy-Pontoise, the artist Dani Karavan is commissioned to conceive the three-kilometer linear path named Axe Majeur (Main Axis), connecting the city center and the vast riverside. Instead of a work of art to contemplate, Karavan builds 12 stations in succession and in the form of instruments with which people are equipped to measure and to process the existent environmental data and to find their own interpretation of the site. By making factual information measurable and translatable into cultural connotations, Karavan’s work implies a mesological point of view from which osmosis between the sculpture and the site invalidates the opposite physical/phenomenal. The paper studies this method based on the notion mediance proposed by the geographer Augustin Berque and on a field survey. Two principles constitute the method: First, Karavan invents a sculptural metrology functioning in the way of the perceptive calibration system. Secondly, the Axe Majeur shows a “total environment” which means not only 12 parts as a single unit but also the inseparable relationship of Karavan’s environment (art) with the whole geographical environment. Each part annotates the signs left behind after Earth’s motion (e.g. topography, geothermal energy) and after cultural activities (e.g. orchard, view of Paris) and turns these signs into the basis on which imagination could be formed and new meaning could arise. By articulating historical and spatial dimension with an environmental symbology, the Axe Majeur constitutes an innovative urban planning method which moves away from an international-vernacular (modernism) or historical-ahistorical (postmodernism) debate.

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Discursivity in Translation: Meaning, Use and Relevance

Die Diskursivität in der Übersetzung: Sinn, Gebrauch und Relevanz

Author(s): Margarete Flöter-Durr / Language(s): German / Issue: 1/2019

Keywords: Translation; meaning; use; relevance; interpretation; discourse; discursivity

Due to corpus linguistics and the logical positivists’ theory of meaning classical linguistics has deliberately ignored the question about underlying sense and its constitution. Given the fact that translation is about texts and thus discourses, the constitution of meaning is the key challenge of translation. This article deals with the discursive nature of translation and the resulting paradigm shift after the transition from transcoding to the concept of the dynamics of language and the constitution of meaning in praxeological contexts. The correlation between the process of discerning meaning and the restrictions of a language subject to the rules of grammar is explained by applying the concepts of relevance and use.

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