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THE SOCIAL REPRESENTATIONS OF MENTAL DEFICIENCIES. HOW TO CHANGE THEM?

THE SOCIAL REPRESENTATIONS OF MENTAL DEFICIENCIES. HOW TO CHANGE THEM?

Author(s): Laura E. Runceanu / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2004

Les réprésentations sociales de la déficience mentale. Comment les changer? Cette étude présent une brève synthèse du concept de la déficience mentale, et des recherches qui ont abordés les deficiences, en général, et la déficience mentale en particulière, dans la paradigme des réprésentations sociales. Finalement, nous irons identifier quelques modalités pour les influencer.

Kommunikation, Öffentlichkeitsarbeit und Gender Mainstreaming in der Europäischen Union

Kommunikation, Öffentlichkeitsarbeit und Gender Mainstreaming in der Europäischen Union

Author(s): Erika Kegyesné Szekeres / Language(s): German / Issue: 3/2006

Keywords: gender issues in the EU;

Despite emergent linguistic problems, the popularization of the Gender concept, as well as the use of the Gender Mainstreaming term have an important relevance within the latest Communication and Public Relations campaign of the European Union. The article analyses the communication capability of the Gender Mainstreaming concept in various kinds of texts.

Können Memoiren zur historischen Erinnerung beitragen? Das Beispiel von Soma Morgenstern (1890-1976)

Können Memoiren zur historischen Erinnerung beitragen? Das Beispiel von Soma Morgenstern (1890-1976)

Author(s): Geneviève Humbert-Knitel / Language(s): German / Issue: 8/2004

Anhand des Lebens und Werkes des im exil verstorbenen österreichischen Schriftstellers Soma Morgenstern, und im Vergleich zu den Werken von Karl Emil Franzos und Leopold Sacher-Masoch, wird das Verhältnis zwischen Geschichte und Gedächtnis vegegenwärtigt und der Frage nachgegangen, zu welcher historischen Erinnerung diese Texte beitragen können.

Polish translation studies at the turn of centuries: comments from the scientometric perspective

Polish translation studies at the turn of centuries: comments from the scientometric perspective

Author(s): Elżbieta Skibińska / Language(s): English / Issue: 3/2015

Keywords: Polish translation studies; translation revues; translation researchers; scientometric approach

The political transformation of 1989 brought, among other things, an increased need for translation as a practical activity – but also raised interest in translation as a subject of research. This is reflected in a growing number of texts whose authors situate themselves in translation studies. This study seeks to chart Polish translation studies by analyzing the inventory of works quoted by authors working in this area. I focus on the corpus of texts collected in the series Między Oryginałem a Przekładem (volumes 1–15). Proceeding on the assumption that the most quoted texts are referred to because they identify important questions or provide functional tools, I seek to establish the most influential researchers and findings in Polish translation studies at the beginning of the 21st century. The usefulness of this approach is confirmed by the research of Gile 2006: observing who quotes whom and how often allows to “measure” the significance and contribution of certain works and certain authors in a given period of time.

Spiritual Intelligence (SQ): A Holistic Framework for Human Resource Development

Spiritual Intelligence (SQ): A Holistic Framework for Human Resource Development

Author(s): Adeel Ahmed,Mohd Anuar Arshad,Arshad Mahmood,Sohail Akhtar / Language(s): English / Issue: 26/2016

Keywords: Holistic; Human Intelligence; Spiritual intelligence; Human Resources Development;

The purpose of this review paper is to explore the relevance of human spiritual intelligence (SQ) in order to put forward a holistic framework for the development of human resources. It is postulated that a holistic mechanism leads to the incorporation of human spiritual intelligence for the best utilization of human resources. Authors also highlighted the other significant components of human intelligence (IQ, EQ) that are being implied in current human resource development (HRD) plans. However, it is noted that the present HRD approach is lacking the most influential element of SQ. With multi distinctiveness of SQ, researchers indicated that mangers and practitioners need to understand in depth this most emerging component of human intelligence. Moreover, author’s take-up critically the present practices of human resources that are being considered as below the standards as the number of behavioral issues has risen drastically in the recent time of period. Therefore, the proposed model intended to integrate all aspects of human intelligence (IQ, EQ, and SQ) in developing holistic framework for the prosperous employees of the organization. researchers conclude with implication for future research and managerial practices as suggested by the holistic framework for HRD.

The Sunday Christ

Sváteční Kristus

Author(s): Josef Záruba-Pfeffermann / Language(s): Czech / Issue: 1/2016

Keywords: medieval wall paintings; parish church; devotional image; christian iconography; Sunday Christ; popular piety; Passion Christ; the Sunday Letter; Arma Christi; medieval vision

The Sunday Christ, or the “Saint Sunday” as the medieval texts call this depiction, is surviving as a wall painting in about ninety European parish churches until today, with oldest examples from round 1350. The image was banned by both: the Reformation and the Catholic Church in the 16th century. The image was researched in several studies since the beginning of the 20th century. The aim of this article is to approach these images in relationship to the general features of the Eucharistic devotion showing its function as a Mahnbild, Andachtsbild and as an epitaph. The relationship to medieval texts of the Sunday letter, Visio Pauli and the mystical visions of Archbishop John of Jenstein seems to vary with time and place. With help of various motives and the social context, I try to argue these images had a certain revolutionary potential, relating workers directly to Christ himself. Finally, I focus on the end of this particular medieval devotional image in the sixteenth century, mentioning the art related to criticism of this image. I argue that two famous works of the Flemish painting are related to the topic of the Sunday Christ: the work of the “Proverbs” by Pieter Bruegel and the Haywain triptych by Hieronymus Bosch.

TOWARDS THE APPLICATION OF SPEECH ACT THEORY TO OPINION MINING

TOWARDS THE APPLICATION OF SPEECH ACT THEORY TO OPINION MINING

Author(s): Agnieszka Pluwak / Language(s): English / Issue: 16/2016

Keywords: sentiment analysis; implicit sentiment; speech acts;

The paper refers to the pragmatics’ perspective on opinion mining in Polish and English, inspired by the discrepancy between the coverage of sentiment analysis and the market demand. An analysis of speech acts expressed in opinion texts reveals that almost half of all opinions include ways of indirect evaluation that might not get extracted while applying traditional methods of sentiment analysis based on direct evaluative vocabulary and polarity lexicons. Coding of sentiment with respect to speech acts could vastly broaden data mining results within an NLPsystem.

The city space and maladjustment

The city space and maladjustment

Author(s): Krzysztof Sawicki / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2014

Keywords: environment; juvenile delinquency; minors; urban space; Chicago school

The text examines the theoretical assumptions of the analysis and research of American sociologists and criminologists which describe the environmental determinants of juvenile delinquency. The interpretation of the term “environment” is focused on its spatial character. The various ways in which the term environment, and related terms (“local environment” and “educational environment”), can be defined are analyzed. In describing the criminal influences of an environment, references are made ranging from the Chicago School to the present day. Besides theoretical concepts other possible modes of action for prevention and rehabilitation that are to be carried out in the open environment are also presented.

The city space and maladjustment

Przestrzeń miasta a niedostosowanie

Author(s): Krzysztof Sawicki / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 1/2014

Keywords: środowisko; niedostosowanie społeczne; nieletni; przestrzeń miasta; szkoła Chicago

W tekście dokonano analizy założeń teoretycznych oraz wyników badań amerykańskich socjologów i kryminologów, w których starano się wskazać środowiskowe prawidłowości warunkujące niedostosowanie społeczne. W interpretacji terminu „środowisko” skupiono się na jego przestrzennym charakterze. Przeanalizowano sposoby definiowania terminu środowisko oraz terminów pokrewnych („środowisko lokalne”, „środowisko wychowawcze”). Analizując czynniki kryminogenne środowiska odniesiono się do wymiaru infrastrukturalnego od szkoły Chicago po współczesność. Poza koncepcjami teoretycznymi wskazano również możliwe sposoby działania z zakresu profilaktyki i resocjalizacji realizowane w środowisku otwartym.

Ideology of the gender in monolingual Polish language dictionaries

Ideologia płci w jednojęzycznych słownikach języka polskiego

Author(s): Dennis Scheller-Boltz / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 1/2017

Keywords: lexicography; gender linguistic; discourse; ideology

The article discusses the relation between lexicography and ideology. It proves that the monolingual Polish language dictionaries are designed according to the ideology of gender and that gender stereotypes can take different forms in dictionaries. The dictionaries not only reflect, but also preserve social and cultural values and rules. The analysis leads to the question, how should the ideology of gender be presented in the future, in order to avoid stereotyping?

Aquinas, Teleology, and the Modern Evolutionary Synthesis

Aquinas, Teleology, and the Modern Evolutionary Synthesis

Author(s): Bradford L. McCall / Language(s): English / Issue: 26/2016

Keywords: Thomistic philosophy; modern evolutionary theory; teleology; functions;

Thomistic teleology maintains that a substance must possess a palatable function in order to subsist. However, many naturalistic adherents posit that the concept of function is no longer apropos to speak of in science. Functions, they contend, must be applied by an intentional agent, and the derivation of species by natural selection is not the result of an intentional agent. Thomistic teleology is dependent on an intentional agent, but his division of the disciplines allows for adherence to the modern synthetic theory of evolution. Aquinas accepts the presence of chance within his system, and considers it consistent with God’s design, maintaining that God intends it, and that it provides the opportunity for variation. Aquinas sees chance as an accidental cause, not a proper cause. Adherents to Thomistic philosophy can accept evolution, and even use Thomistic hylomorphism to explain the evolution of species. Thomistic philosophy is strong enough to withstand the tension between modern science and theology, and provides philosophical accounts for scientific concepts.

Translation Techniques Revisited: The Applicability of Existing Solutions in Non-Literary Translation

Translation Techniques Revisited: The Applicability of Existing Solutions in Non-Literary Translation

Author(s): Jasmina Đorđević / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2017

Keywords: non-literary translation; translation techniques; process; product

Translation studies have evolved to the extent that phenomena, problems and aspects related to translation are analysed and defined within the discipline itself based on methods and techniques specifically developed for it. One of the many achievements is that two separate translation genres have been identified, i.e. literary and non-literary translation, followed by different approaches to both theoretical explorations of the two, as well as practical solutions in the process of translating them. The aim of this article is to contribute to the study of non-literary translation by offering an overview of translation techniques available in the literature but not yet distinctly related to non-literary translation. Since recent approaches to the study of translation imply a strong focus on the target text as a product, the techniques illustrated here are supported by examples originating from an authentic corpus of non-literary translation compiled during twenty-two years of officially recognized translation.

Ethical Boundaries of the Market in the Context of the Becoming of Civil Society, the Occupation’s Autonomy and Personal Relations

Rinkos Etinės Ribos Pilietinės Visuomenės Tapsmo, Profesijos Autonomiškumo Ir Asmeninių Santykių Kontekste

Author(s): Valdas Pruskus / Language(s): Lithuanian / Issue: 80/2014

Keywords: ethics; values; civil society; individual; market; state; welfare;

The article analyses the extent to which the market is and can be free and where the ethical boundaries of its expression are. It shows that the market mostly motivates the individual’s economic activity and contributes to the creation of the commonwealth. The idea of freedom and choice, supported by the market, protects the occupation’s autonomy, encourages the citizens to join organizations that can take on work not performed properly by the state institutions and to monitor it effectively. On the other hand, the values created and cherished by the market are very specific (e.g. quality of consumption). They are undoubtedly significant but not the only ones. Everyone has the right and duty to go up to the values that are not recognized by the market but are personally important. And here he must feel the real support of the state whose aim is to create the conditions for each member of the society to strive for its welfare (personal goals) with regard to the highest values – human and his dignity, which cannot be sacrificed to the supposed omnipotence of the market. Since the goal of economic activity is to satisfy the needs of the individual and society, its results can be and should be measured not only according to economic ends (profit, productivity effectiveness), but also by ethical ones (a consistency of individual aspirations).

The Marriage of Heaven and Hell: On the Functional Approach to Translating Libretti for Modernised Opera Productions

The Marriage of Heaven and Hell: On the Functional Approach to Translating Libretti for Modernised Opera Productions

Author(s): Aleksandra Ożarowska / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2017

Keywords: translation; Libretti; modernised opera productions

The present paper focuses on the issue of translating operatic libretti in the form of surtitles. This is a very specific type of translation, and it becomes even more challenging when operatic productions for which surtitles are created are modernised. In such cases the application of skopos theory proves to be the most useful and effective, even though some of its premises may be regarded as controversial. The data for the present study come from the most reputable opera houses, for example the Metropolitan Opera House or Royal Opera House, as they are known for providing their audiences with high-quality libretti translations

The Pending Revolution: Kant as a Moral Revolutionary

The Pending Revolution: Kant as a Moral Revolutionary

Author(s): Ana Marta González / Language(s): English / Issue: 3/2017

Keywords: moral change; virtue; cultural progress; habitus libertatis; ethical community;

Kant controversially opposed political revolutions; yet, in morality, he clearly encouraged a revolutionary attitude. Drawing especially on the relevant texts in the Metaphysics of Morals, the Religion, the Education and the Anthropology, I explore the conceptual underpinnings of Kant’s position, arguing that Kant’s contrast between moral revolution and reform is at the basis of his twofold notion of noumenal and phenomenal virtue, which in turn explains the contrast he draws between principled versus imitative behaviour in the Education. On this basis, I defend the complementary role of political reform and moral revolution in his approach to cultural progress.

The Effectiveness of Therapeutic Physical Exercises in Improving Balance and Coordination in Children with Down Syndrome

The Effectiveness of Therapeutic Physical Exercises in Improving Balance and Coordination in Children with Down Syndrome

Author(s): Cristina Elena Popa,Tatiana Dobrescu / Language(s): English / Issue: 3/2017

Keywords: Down syndrome; deficiencies; body scheme; stability; motor skills

This paper presents a study conducted on a group of 13 subjects, with the clinical diagnosis of Down syndrome, between 6 and 14 years old. The research was conducted between October 2015 and May 2016, at the research base of the "Vasile Alecsandri" University of Bacau, and at the sensory-motor integration laboratory. The assessment was made with the "Gross motor function measure" (GMFM) test. The specific objectives were to: increase the muscle strength and endurance; educate and rebuild the body image and scheme, the laterality, the spatial-temporal orientation and organization; increase the stability, balance, control, and coordination. The physical therapy programs comprised: various possibilities of starting motor acts and actions, the continuation of motions that are already known, the use of alternate motions, global and segmental, the improvement of stability, balance and perceptive-motor coordination, over the course of the strategy. Following the physical therapy intervention over the course of approximately 1 year and a half on the Down syndrome subjects, I noticed that the psycho-motor deficiencies recorded initially have obviously diminished. The analysis of the results offered us concrete data with a reduced margin of error, because the assessment consisted of simple, known actions that were implemented in children in the first stages of the basic motor skills education. The initial testing emphasized the level of functional development, during static and dynamic activities, the values being between 47.05% - 59.52%, while in the final testing the maximum values were between 99.04% -100%.

Development of the Idea of Security

Development of the Idea of Security

Author(s): Gojko Pavlović / Language(s): English / Issue: 5/2013

Keywords: security; historical notion of idea; war and peace; personal goal; natural right; common good; the privatization of security;

Historically, the concept of security has been understood, interpreted and defined in different ways. In addition, it is a notion that has been, unlike any other, mentioned and studied in all branches of science, natural and technical, as well as social and humanistic ones. It is exactly due to the utilization of the concept of security in different areas of life, that it has been much more difficult to define it uniformly. Furthermore, it is the fact that the changes occurring on the international scene since the end of the Cold War caused the changes in ideas related to the security in general, and all its concepts. With referral to the previous, this paper points out that traditional concepts of security are no longer able to explain and deal with the complex nature of contemporary security challenges, risks and threats. That is why nowadays, when considering the security issues, there are numerous perplexities, such as the question whom the security needs to be provided for, who is responsible for security, who are those who impose the security threats, and what are the procedures, means and methods to have, preserve and enhance the security. The aim of this paper is to show how the concept of security has developed throughout the time and the different views and ideas of security occurring throughout the history.

Pupils’ understanding of mammals: an investigation of the cognitive dimension of misconceptions

Pupils’ understanding of mammals: an investigation of the cognitive dimension of misconceptions

Author(s): Milan Kubiatko,Pavol Prokop / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2009

Keywords: misconceptions; mammals; pupils; questionnaire

The investigation of misconceptions among children is a favorite kind of investigation among researchers. It is possible to meet with the term “cognitive dimension of preconcept”. Misconceptions about animals have been reported in various research reports on pupils of different ages. This cross-age study is focused on finding misconceptions about mammals among elementary-school children of various ages (from 10 to 15). A questionnaire consisting of 35 multiple choice and open-ended questions was used. This questionnaire was administered to 468 children from 6 elementary schools. We divided the questionnaire items into five categories according to their character. We focused on finding the differences in results between the gender and age of the respondents. We found numerous misconceptions across all age groups. Our study provides implications for teaching biology/science especially in the field of zoology.

Getting to know each other by an engaged couple in the light of FOCCUS strategy. The pastoral applicability

Wzajemne poznawanie się narzeczonych w świetle strategii FOCCUS. Możliwości zastosowania duszpasterskiego

Author(s): Sławomir Bukalski / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 21/2014

Keywords: Engagement; preparation for marriage; quality of an engagement period;

Over recent years it is observed the deterioration of divorce statistics. In Poland every third marriage falls apart. In order to remedy the situation, the quality of marriage preparation for engaged couples should be raised. In the first part of the article, the author presents the Catholic Church teaching concerning the preparations for a marriage. The specialist, designed for this purpose, programs should help nupturients to get to know each other and create favourable conditions for entering into happy marriages. In the second part of the article, the FOCCUS strategy is presented. The tool helps nupturients to learn more about each other and to explore their relationships. Moreover, it enables them to diagnose the strengths and weaknesses in their relationships thanks to the analysis of the various spheres of the engagement period. The last part of the article concerns pastoral suggestions. Acquiring by nupturients the abilities to solve problems together and raising the quality of their interpersonal communication seems to be the pastoral challenges. The two areas are the most predictive indicators of the future marriage quality.

Approximation strategies for explaining text comprehension processes in translation theory

Approximation strategies for explaining text comprehension processes in translation theory

Author(s): Isabelle Lux / Language(s): English / Issue: 10/2019

Keywords: textual meaning; textual understanding; hermeneutics; behaviourism; translation-oriented text analysis

This article outlines the two (only seemingly competing) theoretical approaches operative so far in translation theory to explain text comprehension processes. First, it gives a short description of the hermeneutic approach and the analytic approach. Then, it explains how both approaches can be linked together on the base of the translation-oriented text analysis scheme from Nord. The article ends with an overview of the benefits from this linkage for translation didactics and practice, including CAT-tools and MT.