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Afghan National Army Challenge with Attrition: A Comparative Analysis

Afgan Ulusal Ordusunun Kayıp ve Firarla İmtihanı: Karşılaştırmalı Bir Analiz

Author(s): Barış Ateş / Language(s): English / Issue: 19/2014

Keywords: Afghan National Army; Attrition; Desertion; Retention; Soviet-era Afghan Army; Iraqi Army

This study aims to understand the factors of attrition, which impede ISAF efforts to create a sustainable and effective Afghan army by making comparisons with other countries such as Iraq and Soviet era Afghanistan. Despite the intense efforts, which last a decade, Afghan National Army (ANA) still challenges with the manning problems. ANA is the key Afghan institution, which can play a vital role in stabilization of the country. However, even with the progress to reach total end strength, challenges remain. The first and maybe the most important challenge is the ongoing attrition problem. While the recruiting level of ANA is very high, the attrition rate is very high also. In their first fighting season leading combat operations, ANA units have had high number of casualties, which multiply the desertion rates. The article indicates that ANA is still needed to improve the personnel management capabilities.

Narrative and Discursive Games: Translating the Postcolonial into the Postcommunist

Narrative and Discursive Games: Translating the Postcolonial into the Postcommunist

Author(s): Maria-Sabina Draga Alexandru / Language(s): English / Issue: 17/2011

Keywords: Postcolonialism; postcommunism; narrative; discourse; EU accession; Eastern Europe; translation; globalisation; migration; empire

The collapse of the Soviet Union and the emergence of new nations on the map of Europe coincided with a paradigm shift in postcolonial studies in the early nineteen-nineties. As postcolonialism was being institutionalised, reaching the speaking platform of the academia and thus losing some of its former subversive poignancy, its emancipatory mission seemed to be taken over by postcommunism. Postcommunism, a new discipline, was then in need of conceptual working tools to theorise the historical experience of communism and the transition to a new capitalist economy in Eastern Europe. Initially, it borrowed established concepts from disciplines such as postcolonialism and cultural studies. A decade later, the gradual EU accession of former communist countries, still recovering from difficult processes of economic and political transition, brought the postcolonialism/ postcommunism dialogue back on the agenda, reconsidering its self-reflexive narratives with renewed urgency. Recent theories on imperialism and globalisation show significant potential to shed light on some of the issues in the postcommunism-postcolonialism debate and should be further explored. This essay examines the current state of the discipline and argues in favour of the benefits of the dialogue between the two discourses, but also cautions against the generalising tendencies inherent in this theoretical enterprise.

First Trip Abroad: Expectations, Experiences and Stories of Transnational Romanians

First Trip Abroad: Expectations, Experiences and Stories of Transnational Romanians

Author(s): Alin Croitoru / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2014

Keywords: international migration, physical mobility, transnationalism, post-communism, subjectivism

The paper analyzes transnational Romanians’ stories about their first trip abroad. The concept of physical mobility is seen in a broader framework for understanding transnational and cosmopolitan behaviours as well as international migration. In order to distinguish between different types of travelling for the first trip abroad the article is constructed keeping in mind the structural changes and constraints regarding physical mobility for Romanian citizens. During the process of transition from a communist country to the status of EU member, Romanian citizens’ stories about travelling abroad for the first time fundamentally changed. Labour migrants, asylum seekers, business travellers, students or tourists left the countries with different expectations and faced different problems at destination. Their attitudes toward origin and destination framed their images about the first trip abroad. Using a qualitative approach and samples of Romanians who live in Denmark, Germany, Italy, Romania, Spain and the United Kingdom, the analysis emphasizes certain differences between different types of travelling for the first time abroad and reconstructs how Romanians started their transnational careers

Sociolinguistic Enquiry on Migrants in the Teaching of L2 Italian in Secondary School. A Case Study

Indagine sociolinguistica per la pianificazione dell’insegnamento di italiano L2 nella scuola secondaria. Uno studio di caso

Author(s): Monica Mosca / Language(s): Italian / Issue: 1/2016

Keywords: sociolinguistics; migration; integration policies; Italian L2 language teaching

The flow of migrants towards Italy in these past decades has raised the problem regarding the absorption and integration of newcomers in the new society and the labour market; this problem has become more severe in this last period. Learning the language and the foundations of the social and political structures of the receiving community is the best way to establish the necessary competence for integration. As the presence of foreigners in Italy stabilises, education has become more complex, as it must be oriented not only towards newcomer students, but also towards those who were born in Italy in foreign families who speak their own mother tongue at home but are also highly competent in Italian. This situation gives rise to diverse individual profiles according to the different balance of the linguistic varieties in these students’ inventory.This article aims to show that an inspection carried according to the sociolinguistic methodology can bring forth valuable data for educational as well as territorial planning and for the definition of policies for integration. The article will present general data on the Italian situation compared to the European one in general in order to define the phenomenon. Then a specific study will be presented based on research conducted in the Scuola Cavour in Alessandria (PISU project – POR FESR 2014/2010), where there are classes in which foreigners and second-generation Italians (G2s) are numerous. A sociolinguistic questionnaire has been collected from students between the ages of 11 and 13 years old; the aim is to assess not only the students’ competences tout court, but also the social spaces where their different languages are used, their main difficulties, and their ambitions. The statistical data are presented and discussed in order to point out the different profiles; they reveal how complex it is to create a linguistic education that moves towards aware citizenship. Practically, the data also provide an important indication on the composition of the classroom and on the educational practices to adopt.

OCCUPATIONAL MOBILITY IN THE CONTEXT OF INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION. THE CASE OF ROMANIAN MIGRANTS IN ITALY

OCCUPATIONAL MOBILITY IN THE CONTEXT OF INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION. THE CASE OF ROMANIAN MIGRANTS IN ITALY

Author(s): Luminița Monica Alexandru / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2011

Keywords: Labour force migration; Dual labour market; Negative selection; Occupational mobility; Informal ties; Labour market integration

This study looks at the relationship between migration and occupational changes in the case of Romanian economic migrants, focusing on Italy as destination country. Using quantitative data and comprehensive literature review it offers insights into how migration contributes to changes of migrants’ occupational status in the home country and at destination. I showed that Romanian migrants in Italy were generally employed in the secondary sector and that, through lack of institutional support, informal networks took over the responsibility of assisting labour market integration. Following the occupational history from home, to destination and back, I also noted that a significant percentage of migrants were unemployed before going abroad. On the contrary, on enquiring about the occupational status at destination, very few migrants declared having been unemployed. The few Romanians temporarily out of work abroad were active job seekers. However, when returning to Romania, ex-migrants were less likely to get a job as compared to the pre-migration period. The unemployed returnees would generally plan another travel for work.

Landmarks of Identity in Mircea Eliade’s Exilewritings

Repere identitare în scrierile din exil ale lui Mircea Eliade

Author(s): Carmen Oprișor / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 1/2016

Keywords: Eliade; exile; sacred; history; time

For many Romanian writers, the exile represents a period of major changes not only in their lives but also in their writings. A lot of people were forced to leave their countries for political reasons. The Second World War caused a series of disasters in the European history and many people underwent difficult experiences which changed their whole lives. This is why Eliade writes about the importance of the sacred, about the way we can recognize it in our profane world. The power of faith helps modern man escape from his straying in the labyrinth, and guides him to his awakening. For modern people, this awakening signifies a possibility to become free again, at least from a spiritual point of view. But we should be open in front of the miracles in order to surpass the aggressive times of a cruel history.

THE RELIGIOUS DIMENSION OF EDUCATION IN THE ROMANIAN SCHOOLS

DIMENSIUNEA RELIGIOASĂ A EDUCAŢIEI ÎN ÎNVĂŢĂMÂNTUL ROMÂNESC

Author(s): Dorin Opriş / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 1/2016

Keywords: the sides of education; religious education; skills; religious culture; religious illiteracy

The issue related to design and implementation of religious education continues to be atopic of national debate, after almost a century from the generalization of Religion study as a subject, in public schools from reunited Romania. Two decades ago, when our country had got away from the communist regime, the main issues were related to teaching methodology, curricula and pedagogicaland psychological models with the mission to substantiate the educational activity specific to this aspect of education. The last years have brought new challenges by the attacks of the atheist organizations that promote antireligious humanist ideas in the public space. This article aims to analyze several issues related to the implementation of religious education in the system of pre-university education in Romania, starting from the belief that the school needs more than a religious education that it would help students cope the challenges of contemporary society. The data of our research werecollected through a system of methods which included a questionnaire for Religion teachers, from which we picked especially data, related to aspects of Religion lesson and to the support received from schools management or from representatives of religious denominations. Complementary, important datawere provided by Religion school inspectors, also by parents who had participated in the interviews and by secondary school pupils, through their writings whose main theme were the importance of Religion class in their lives.

Aspects from the social legislation adopted by the government led by Constantin Sănătescu (23 August – 6 December 1944)

Aspecte din legislația socială adoptată de guvernul condus de Constantin Sănătescu (23 august - 6 decembrie 1944)

Author(s): Monica Lazăr / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 26/2014

Keywords: general Sănătescu; financial efforts; government Sănătescu

The government headed by General C. Sănătescu was confronted with two major problems which mobilized the financial efforts of the state: the adoption of the necessary measures for continuing the military operations on the front and for solving the complex problems caused by the Soviet occupation. The Romanian Communist Party, supported by the Soviet authorities, and especially by the group led by Ana Pauker, which had returned to Bucharest after many years of emigration, planned to take over all state power, an objective which generated permanent political disputes with the government partners. Moreover, the political crisis was overlapped by an economic one, leading to the marginalization of the social factor. The social policy initiated by the C. Sănătescu government aimed at re-balancing the system of payments in concordance with the changes entailed by the state of war.

The concubinage of St. Augustine

The concubinage of St. Augustine

Author(s): Józef Łupiński / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2017

Keywords: Augustine of Hippo; Roman law; Christianity in the antiquity; concubinage; marriage;

The article presents the problem of the concubinage on the example of Augustine - the later Bishop of Hippo and Doctor of the Church. After several years of informal relationship with a woman, an extremely intense and dramatic experience - this great oracle in the making, a former Manichaean, dismisses her and gradually enters the path of conversion. The baptism by Archbishop Ambrose in Milan becomes the key event in his life. From then on, he definitely follows the path of Christianity. He is elected the Bishop of Hippo. Like a zealous shepherd, in his numerous sermons, treatises, and disputes, he fights for the orthodoxy of the Church. One of his interests is the Catholic teaching on the marriage, based on the foundation of faith, whose values are progeny, fidelity and the sacrament itself. Many point out that in the presentation of his teaching on the marriage, he has benefited from the painful and traumatic experience of his own concubinage.

The «european social model»: problems of comprehension

The «european social model»: problems of comprehension

Author(s): Marina Okladna,A. R. Tragnyuk / Language(s): English,Russian,Ukrainian / Issue: 13/2018

Keywords: European social model; social state; social policy; solidarity; social integration; European Union;

In this article we are exploring the phenomenon of European social integration and there by creating the basics which are necessary to answer the questions: what is the European social model, how is it related to the national models of the social state, and how does the economic integration in the EU affect it nowadays

Policy and Voting Preferences of Romanian Migrants 2000-2016

Policy and Voting Preferences of Romanian Migrants 2000-2016

Author(s): Toma Burean / Language(s): English / Issue: 19/2018

Keywords: emigrants; voting; policy preferences; Romania; Voting Advice Applications

In most studies of voting behavior, political preferences are explained at the level of the “country, election, electoral cohort or individual voter” (Franklin 2004). Notably absent from these studies is the impact of voters living abroad. Their importance is not to be neglected, especially in democratizing states. This research targets the predictions that lie behind the turnout and preferences of Romanian emigrants. Romanian Diaspora consistently votes for parties and candidates that promise reforms. This vote is associated with liberal economic policy preferences and support for minority groups. I test these hypotheses with elections results data from 2000 to 2016 coupled with data collected from Votulmeu.com an online Voting Advice Application from the 2012 parliamentary and 2014 presidential elections in Romania.

Report from international conference „Higher communication education: Serving or innovating the profession?”, Pamplona, May 19–20, 2016

Sprawozdanie z międzynarodowej konferencji „Higher communication education: Serving or innovating the profession?”, Pampeluna, 19–20 maja 2016

Author(s): Krzysztof Marcyński,Małgorzata Laskowska / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 3/2016

Hypostases of the Initiation Road Within Romanian Literary Folklore

Ipostaze ale drumului iniţiatic în folclorul literar românesc

Author(s): Adina Hulubaş / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 6/2006

Romanian literary folklore provides numerous valuable clues on the so-called tribal initiation of young men and women about to get married. The research focuses on the first phase of the rite and its feature: the road in between worlds. In order to be consecrated the protagonist has to endure the voyage through certain space – marks of the passage: the desert, open field, forest, mountains and caves. The analysis includes quotations and other stylistic tools so to better point out the absolute coherence of the Romanian archaic imaginary.

The Fire – Image of Life and Death

Focul – imagine a vieţii şi a morţii

Author(s): Cristina Gavriluţă / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 4/2004

Keywords: feu vivant; feu ritualique; théorie solstitiale;

Cet étude ne veut pas de faire une analise du feu de point de vue de théorie solstitiale (Wilhelm Mannhardt), pas de celle purificatrice. Tous les deux tiennent compte de quelques symboles et semnifications du feu. Nous avons esseyer de évidentier son caractèr dual qui peut se manifester comme une véritable coincidentia oppositorum.Notre point de départ c’est la théorie de G. Frazer qui afirme que le „feu vivant” peut être a l’origine de tout sort feu ritualique. En utilizant une bibliographie étnographique clasique nous avons ésseye de démontrer la manifestation de feu comme une totalité contradictoire et paradoxale.Aujurd’hui, l’ambivalence du feu, peut fonctioner même dans des situation bizarres. Cete chose peut cacher une richesse des sens et symboles. Elles ne meurt pas, comme on pourrait croire mais, par contre, elle continueront de ne fréqventer avec régularite au niveau de subconscient. L’homme moderne, parmi les autres, vive aujud’hui le séntiment de domination de la nature et du feu. C’est seulement une illusion. Tous cela continueront de ne controler dans une manière trés subtile. Mais cet fait représente le mistere et la magie de leur fonctionemment dans le temps et dans l’histoire.

From Paris and Venice to Iași: Mihnea Berindei`s library and archives

De la Paris și Veneția la Iași: biblioteca și arhiva Mihnea Berindei

Author(s): Dorin Dobrincu / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 9/2017

Keywords: Mihnea Berindei;

Sustentabilidad y Competitividad de la Industria Hotelera en México

Sustentabilidad y Competitividad de la Industria Hotelera en México

Author(s): Juan Pedro Ibarra Michel / Language(s): Spanish / Issue: 1/2014

Keywords: sustainability; competitiveness; hotel industry

Sustainability has become a trend that has become dominant in the industry not only for their environmental implications but for its implications in reducing costs and corporate image in a market increasingly diverse and competitive. In the hotel industry as in all other branches of industry have had to adopt policies that tend to minimize these negative impacts that might have on the environment in which they are established, so the problem to raise is to choose which is the most appropriate method and strategies to achieve this goal of sustainability. The aim of this document is to make a review of the different methods that have been adopted in the hotel industry to make it friendlier with the environment and to know the benefits of these practices. Among the findings it was found that these methods range from human resource management, innovation and resource savings to its relationship with the community. In the end there´s a list of what for this author are considered most important elements or steps that may contribute to the construction of a sustainable hotel business.

Neuropsychic disorders and Sars-Cov-2 infections: a review

Neuropsychic disorders and Sars-Cov-2 infections: a review

Author(s): Dragoș Munteanu,Alexandru Vlase,Leonard Perţea,Maura G. Felea,Radu Ciorap,Bogdan Anton-Prisacariu,Monica Ungureanu / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2023

Keywords: COVID-19; neuropsychiatric disorders; post-traumatic stress disorders;

COVID-19 represents a severe multi-organ pathology that, in addition to the important cardio-respiratory damage, also affects the function of the central nervous system (CNS). Severe acute respiratory syndrome caused by coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), similar to other coronaviruses, significantly demonstrates neurotropism; viral infection of the brain can complicate the evolution of pathologies by disturbing the central cardio-respiratory control. Systemic inflammation, as well as the consequent neuroinflammatory changes, are associated with a massive increase in proinflammatory factors at the brain level, neuroglial hyperreactivity, important neurochemical disturbances, and pathological remodeling of the neural network. These multiple organic changes, which occur in accordance with the stress caused by hospitalizations in intensive care clinics, associated with pandemic-related phobias and sometimes abusively imposed social restrictions, promote neuropsychiatric pathologies, which can range from major depressive disorders, bipolar disorders (TB), various psychoses, obsessive-compulsive disorders and post-traumatic stress disorders. Therefore, the neuropsychiatric sequelae of COVID-19 represent an important clinical challenge that must be considered for future complex therapies.

IDENTITY SPEECH IN WASTED MORNING BY GABRIELA ADAMEȘTEANU

IDENTITY SPEECH IN WASTED MORNING BY GABRIELA ADAMEȘTEANU

Author(s): Gabriela Gheorghisor / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 16/2019

Keywords: post-war canonic novel; family novel; identity discourse; anti-Caragialean spirit; donquijotal idealism;

Wasted Morning by Gabriela Adameşteanu is today a canonical novel of the post-war Romanian literature. It enjoys a wide (positive) critical reception and counts over ten translations in foreign languages. This article analyzes the identity discourse in the family micro-novel, embedded in the narrative ensemble of Wasted Morning. The author of this discourse with critical accents is the university professor Stefan Mironescu, a counterpointed character of Vica Delcă, a serious, anti-Caragialean spirit, that denounces the continuously self-dissolving derision of the Romanian people, and sees in the donquijotal idealism a solution for national progress.

VINTILĂ HORIA AND HIS EXILE IN SPAIN

VINTILĂ HORIA Y SU EXILIO EN ESPAÑA

Author(s): Mariana Cunţan / Language(s): Spanish / Issue: 16/2019

Keywords: exile; identity; universality; knowledge; history;

The article presents the personality of Vintilă Horia, who believed that the shortest path to freedom is faith. It is not just about that faith in God who always guided his life, but it is also about the faith to return to his homeland. He was a writer who showed that really exist two types of exile: one inside and one outside of the soul.

REBIS - THE HERMETIC ANDROGYNOUS

REBIS - THE HERMETIC ANDROGYNOUS

Author(s): Carmen Ioana Popa / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 21/2020

Keywords: androgynous; rebis; Mercurius; hermaphroditus; aqua permanens;

Through this study, we intend to make a presentation of the steps required to obtain the hermetic androgynous - the rebis. The alchemical creation presents the transmutation and the alchemist accelerates the growth of the metals in the uterus, matrix. He wants to evade from the laws of Time in order to obtain the Philosopher's Stone. Opus magnum, the transmutation of matter include several stages, matter must suffer, die and be reborn. The phases of the alchemical process include: nigredo - stage in which the prima materia is the massa confusa and the matter is decomposed (separatio); the second stage is washing – ablutio and the blackened matter is bleached, after the matter passes through rubedo, the phase of yellowing (citrinitas), later followed by albedo. Prima materia, aqua permanens and ignis noster lead to the creation of the hermetic androgynous. From the hierogamy between the Sun and the Moon arises filius philosophorum, the rebis. Mercurius includes in himself the Sun and the Moon, being depicted sitting on the chaos, and is called rebis, hermaphroditus, monstrum. The philosopher's stone appears as a result of the conjunction between Sulfur and Mercury, Salt being the astro-mental shell.