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Equality, Trust and Tolerance: How Sense of Equality Affects Social Tolerance in Romania

Equality, Trust and Tolerance: How Sense of Equality Affects Social Tolerance in Romania

Author(s): Dragoş Dragoman / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2006

The noticeably high social and ethnic intolerance in Romania may have not only historical or cultural explanations, but also structural explanations. This research paper settles on social frustration as a predictor of various types of intolerance. Social frustration may be caused by perceived social inequities and inequalities, and by discontent with the current standards of everyday life. Whereas social frustration appears to be a predictor for the general social, ethnic and religious intolerance, and specific intolerance against ethnic Hungarians, it is not counterpoised by other positive factors, as education. It is up to the state institutions to balance inequities and inequalities, in order to reduce social frustration. A major difficulty, however, is that people do not trust the state institutions, as these have proved largely unsuccessful at fighting corruption, one major source of perceived inequity. Pervasive corruption undermines democratic legitimacy and economic growth, affects social trust, and fuels social frustration. In turn, social frustration, social distrust, and poor economic living standards feed authoritarian attitudes and undermine tolerance, in a continuous vicious cycle that is still very hard to break in Romania.

Reviews

Recenzii

Author(s): Al. Cistelecan,Dumitru-Mircea Buda,Luminiţa Chiorean,Iulian Boldea / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 10/2011

Al. CISTELECAN, Mircea Martin, Dictiunea ideilor, Editura All, București, 2010 Iulian BOLDEA, Adrian Marino, Viața unui om singur, Editura Polirom, Iasi, 2010 Luminita CHIOREAN, Dorin N. Uritescu, Fascinația numelui. Studiu al creației lexico-semantice și stilistice, Editura S.A.I.S., București, 2009 Al. CISTELECAN, Andrei Terian, G. Călinescu. A cincea esență, Editura Cartea Românească, București, 2009 Iulian BOLDEA, Ion Vianu, Amor intellectualis, Editura Polirom, Iasi, 2010 Dumitru-Mircea BUDA, Monica Lovinescu, Cuvântul din cuvinte, București, Editura Humanitas, 2007

Kinästhetisches Bewusstsein und sinnliche Reflexion im Tanz

Kinästhetisches Bewusstsein und sinnliche Reflexion im Tanz

Author(s): Mónica E. Alarcón Dávila / Language(s): German / Issue: 12/2012

Keywords: Kinaesthesis; Self-awareness; Sensual reflection; Dance; Posa (pause)

Is the relationship of self-moving (kinaesthesis) to itself a direct prereflective self-awareness, or is it mediated through an Other? Th is article attempts to address this question, taking the phenomenon of dance as a point of departure, since in dance, movement steps out of its everyday background function to become the principal theme. Rudolf zur Lippe extracts from a dance step of the dances of the Quattrocento, the posa, a concept of sensual reflection. Rather than a conceptual reflection, the posa can be understood as an awareness of one’s own movement. In this article, in a dialogue between critical philosophy, dance science, and phenomenology, terms of a possible sensual reflection in dance will be discussed.

ROMANIA FIVE YEARS AFTER THE EUROPEAN UNION ACCESSION. EXPECTATIONS AND REALITIES

România la cinci ani după aderarea la Uniunea Europeană. Aşteptări şi realităţi

Author(s): Petre Duţu / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 3/2012

Keywords: accession; European Union; Romania; expectations; realities; European citizen; values; national interests.

Romania’s accession to the European Union was long prepared and awaited by the country’s population, political class and governors. Five years after the accession, a brief summing-up of the expectances’ fulfilment can emphasize the reality of its benefits for all Romanian citizens. The reality of Romania’s integration is essen¬tially different from the population, political class and governors’ expectances over the benefits of the EU Member State quality. There is a significant deviation between the expectations and the real¬ity of social, economic, political, demographic and environmental results of the Romania’s integration in the European Union.

Tourism and local development, an analysis of Mexico

El Sector Turístico Y El Desarrollo Local, Un Análisis De México

Author(s): Claudia Lizbeth Tirado Gálvez,Mónica Velarde Valdez / Language(s): Spanish / Issue: 3.1/2016

Keywords: Tourism; local development;

Tourism is considered one of the most important sectors of the economy worldwide with rapid growth, more than one third of world trade in services and generates 277 million jobs globally, 1 of every 11 jobs in the world According to World Travel & Tourism Council (WTTC, 2015); Also, this sector has a cross-link with other areas of the economy and has the potential to reduce poverty through local development, creating value chains and integrated approaches to sustainable development of tourism and a wide range of micro that dominate the sector in many countries. However, this is still a utopia. This study analyzes the tourism in Mexico and its impact on local development. The research was conducted under the qualitative methodological perspective. The findings indicate that although Mexico has occupied the first places in tourist arrivals in the world, requires transforming tourism destinations more competitive, it is necessary planning and commitment of the different levels of government, allowing encourage wealth generation, employment and local development.

Book reviews

Cronici literare

Author(s): Cristina Timar,Angela Mamier Nache,Raluca Blaga,Elisabeta Bogățan,Maria Zintz / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 8-9/2019

Keywords: Gabriela Feceoru; Simona-Grazia Dima; Camelia Iuliana Radu;

A collection of book reviews.

Archaeological site from Bordușani-Popină, Ialomița county (2012-2014)

Şantierul arheologic Borduşani-Popină, jud. Ialomiţa (2012–2014)

Author(s): Dragomir Nicolae Popovici,Cătălina Cernea,Ioan-Valentin Cernău,Valentin Parnic,Madalina DIMACHE,Roman Hovsepyan,Adrian Bălăşescu,Valentin Radu,Constantin Haită,Monica Mărgărit,Loredana-Georgia Nițu (Ivan) / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 1/2014

Keywords: Boian culture; Gumelnița culture; houses; achaeozoology; lithic tools; animal tough material tools; carpology;

Colectivul de cercetare ce a întreprins studiile arheologice de pe teii-ul de la Borduşani (jud. Ialomiţa) în perioada anilor 2012-2014 şi-a propus nu numai să contribuie la mai buna cunoaştere a evoluţiei locuirilor umane din perioada eneoliticului (în principal cultura Gumelniţa), de aici ci şi la cunoaşterea dinamicii locuirilor umane în zona înconjurătoare, caracterul acestora şi tipul de gestiune a resurselor din perspectiva unei abordări pluridisciplinare. În cele ce urmează vor fi prezentate câteva dintre cele mai importante şi semnificative complexe arheologice cercetate în această perioadă.

An Approach to Indexical Beliefs

An Approach to Indexical Beliefs

Author(s): Tadeusz Ciecierski / Language(s): English / Issue: 3/2020

Keywords: Belief de hic; belief de nunc; belief de se; indexical beliefs; propositions; representations.

An approach to indexical beliefs is presented and defended in the paper. The account is inspired by David Kaplan’s representationalist analysis of de re belief reports. I argue that imposing additional constraints on the Kaplanian notion of representation results in an elegant theory of indexical beliefs. The theory is committed to representations of limited accessibility but is not committed to relativized proposition, special de se contents or propositions of limited accessibility.

Theatre Criticism as Living Archives

Theatre Criticism as Living Archives

Author(s): Miruna Runcan / Language(s): English / Issue: 37/2019

Keywords: theatre history;theatre criticism;theatre directing;rhetoric;living archives;

The Romanian theatre milieu is traditionally disrespectful, or, at least, not respectful enough, towards its own history. What better examples for such a brutal statement but the fact that the last edition of an official (edited by the Romanian Academy) History of Romanian Theatre dates back to 1973, and the Contemporary Romanian Theatre collective research, dedicated to the interval 1944-1974, published in 1975, was never followed by at least one similar project? We have never had a National Museum of Theatre, and the invaluable treasures of the former museums of the Bucharest National Theatre or Iasi National Theatre are hardly exhibited (Iasi) or stored in improper conditions and securely hidden from the public access (Bucharest). Historical researches are the subject of consensual disregard and pauperization – both by the so called cultural authorities and national research programs and funds. In this sad and depressing landscape, this paper aims at proving that theatre criticism – reviews, essays, surveys, interviews - can offer a rich and relevant archival dimension and vivid documentary material for re-imagining and revisiting famous theatre performances – in terms of directorial visions, spectacular visual and sound spaces and legendary acting.

To Brand or Not to Brand: The Perception of Brand Image in the Digital Games Industry

To Brand or Not to Brand: The Perception of Brand Image in the Digital Games Industry

Author(s): Dinko Jukić / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2020

Keywords: brand; culture; digital game; image; in-game marketing;

The paper presents, discusses and analyses the role of building brand image in digital games. The purpose of this paper is to analyse and discuss in-game marketing in cultural spheres from the aspect of brand image. The aim is to explore, identify and present the relationship between brand image, consumer self-image and digital games as a brand. The contribution of this study is manifested in an interdisciplinary approach to work through marketing, psychology, sociology, and media theory. Consumers project their desires through digital games, and the brand’s entry into the digital game itself enhances the gaming experience and reality of the digital game. It was concluded that consumers want a realistic experience while playing digital games and they want to see famous brands within the game as this enhances their experience and projects the reality of the digital world. The core of brand image is consumers’ perception. In recent years, the digital game industry dominates this segment of the global entertainment economy. The paper analyses in-game marketing from the aspect of branding and sociology of culture. It is based on J. N. Kapferer’s theory of brand building and Huzinga’s theory of game. The article explores the meaning of the phenomenon of brand image and identity in virtual reality. The emphasis in this paper is put on the influence of brand image and digital game as a model of popular culture. This article adopts an integrated knowledge inquiry approach through thematic analysis to explain the concept of brand image. From the consumer’s point of view, the brand represents a symbol built on impressions, associations, metaphors and archetypes in the digital gaming industry. Brand loyalty is a key factor in building brand equity. The problem of brand loyalty appears as a reflection of brand symbol and its image. However, the oxymoron of in-game marketing starts from the hypothesis that consumers want to see brands in virtual reality.

Curved mirror: Social Fragments in the Novels of Three Contemporary Cuban Writers

Görbe tükör. Társadalmi látképtöredékek három kortárs kubai író regényében

Author(s): Mária Dornbach / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 4/2020

Keywords: contemporary Cuban novel; Pedro Juan Gutiérrez; Leonardo Padura; Julio Travieso Serrano; poverty; corruption; prostitution; exclusion

’90s, counteracting the revolutionary myth that was persistently pushed by the Castro-regime. They show the miserable every-day life of people, a society interwoven with corruption and hopelessness, and the different ways of preserving power: for example, excluding people with different opinions, the creation of enemies, a spy-network that permeates everything.

Siblinghood-in-Law as a Dimension of Siblinghood from the Perspective of Later Life

Siblinghood-in-Law as a Dimension of Siblinghood from the Perspective of Later Life

Author(s): Hana Šlechtová / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2021

Keywords: sibling; sibling-in-law; qualitative analysis; old age

The article focuses on siblinghood-in-law – a dimension of siblinghood revealed in qualitative research on siblinghood at age 50 and over, based on individual interviews and focus groups, realised in the Czech Republic. It introduces the interconnectedness between siblinghood and siblinghood-in-law, and pays particular attention to old age. A sibling-inlaw relationship is created in the context of a more complex relationality (where conjugal construction of reality plays an important role); in addition to the dyadic relationship of two siblings-in-law, or a triadic relationship mediated by the linchpin person, the siblingin-law relation to his/her siblings-in-law (even as individuals) may be primarily defined as a sibling-in-law relationship to a sibling group (generating itself its own definition of reality), possibly even to a larger kin. Late-life situations create a context to possibly intensify relations between the “remaining” siblings and siblings-in-law. The article concludes with a typology of sibling-in-law relationship patterns.

MEASURING MILITARY POWER – APPROACHES AND CHALLENGES

ESTIMAREA PUTERII MILITARE – ABORDĂRI ȘI PROVOCĂRI

Author(s): Maria Constantinescu / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 1/2021

Keywords: putere militară; indicatori de intrare; indicatori bazați pe rezultate; limitări; abordare strategică;

Estimarea puterii militare a unei țări nu poate fi realizată într-o manieră absolută și abstractă, deoarece va fi întotdeauna influențată de mediul extern (amenințări, riscuri, mediul de operare) și de vulnerabilitățile interne. În consecință, o estimare realistă a forței militare a unei țări trebuie realizată prin comparație cu alte țări. Puterea militară poate fi evaluată utilizând indicatori de rezultat (efecte), cum ar fi efectele operaționale ale utilizării unei capacități militare specifice sau utilizând indicatori de intrare (resurse) cantitativi. Indicatorii cantitativi au un grad de obiectivitate mai ridicat, sunt mai ușor de calculat și de utilizat în sprijinul deciziilor legate de apărare, dar au limitări specifice care trebuie înțelese, pentru a evita consecințe semnificative. Indicatorii bazați pe rezultate (de cele mai multe ori, calitativi) sunt mai dificil de calculat și estimat, deoarece includ factori nemateriali, cum ar fi moralul, calitatea actului de comandă sau doctrina. Cea mai bună abordare pentru estimarea puterii militare a unei țări este utilizarea unei combinații de indicatori bazați pe intrări și indicatori bazați pe rezultate, susținuți de o analiză detaliată a altor factori care contribuie la puterea militară, cum ar fi abordarea strategică, spațiul de luptă, sistemele politice ale fiecărei țări sau alianțele din care face parte.

Translation and Reception of Slovak Literature in Spain

Traducción y recepción de la literatura eslovaca en España

Author(s): Mónica Sánchez Presa / Language(s): Spanish / Issue: 31/2020

Keywords: translation; reception; Slovak Literature; Spain; Slovakia

The translation of Slovak literature into Spanish has a short history. The interest in Slovak literature was awakened in the Spanish literary public after the founding of the First Czechoslovak Republic in 1918, and during the twentieth century it passed through better and worse moments. In 1993 the Slovak Republic came into existence as a sovereign State and this contributed to the increasing number of translations of Slovak literary works (poetry, prose and drama) into Spanish that were published since that year. It would have not been possible without the efforts of the first Spanish Slovakists, who had to confront the unwillingness of the publishers to publish translations of a language and a literature of limited diffusion. Since 2004, with the entry of Slovakia into the European Union, there has been an increase in the number of works of Slovak literature translated into Spanish that have been published, despite the fact that in 2010 the degree in Slavic Philology was removed from the range of degree programmes at Spanish universities and, therefore, the possibility of training new Slovakists also disappeared. Although the situation in recent years has continued to improve, in no case can it be described as satisfactory. In this paper we review the history of the translation and reception of Slovak Literature in Spain explaining the causes of the limited number of translations that are available for Spanish readers.

CAPABILITIES-BASED “CONFUSION”: WHY CAPABILITIES-BASED PLANNING SYSTEMS STRUGGLE

CAPABILITIES-BASED “CONFUSION”: WHY CAPABILITIES-BASED PLANNING SYSTEMS STRUGGLE

Author(s): Gheorghe Vlaicu / Language(s): English / Issue: 16/2021

Keywords: defense planning; capability analysis; capabilities-based planning; defense economics; capability partitions; threat-based planning;

In the 2001 Quadrennial U.S. Defense Review, Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld announced that the Department of Defense would henceforth use capabilities based planning to guide the development of the armed forces. The popularity of the idea spread to many allied countries that also embraced the concept. However, the successful implementation of the method has been hindered by a number of factors: lack of an agreed lexicon, confusion in many defense organizations to the degree to which “threats” are used, inattention to policy priorities, heavy institutional analytical requirements, and a lack of acknowledgement of the importance money must play in any planning system. The paper concludes that whilst elements of the method are well-suited to providing objective data in support of senior leadership’s decision-making; alone, it is insufficient to drive planning, which is inherently a political process.

A Dignified Collage of Contemporary Literary Studies

Tänapäeva kirjandusteaduse väärikas kollaaž

Author(s): Brita Melts / Language(s): Estonian / Issue: 05/2012

Keywords: review; Interlitteraria; comparative literature;

Review of: Interlitteraria 16. I-II. Tartu: Tartu Ülikooli Kirjastus, 2011. 731 lk.

GRIGORE CUGLER: EPIGONISM OR CONTINUITY OF MODERN VISION

GRIGORE CUGLER: EPIGONISM SAU CONTINUITATE DE VIZIUNE MODERNĂ

Author(s): Alexandru Foitos / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 1/2022

Keywords: Grigore Cugler; Romanian avant-garde; Urmuz; epigonism; modern vision; avant-garde in exile; literary influences and parallelisms;

The aim of this paper is to focus on the critical reception of Grigore Cugler, one of the representative writers for the Romanian avant-garde in exile. The Romanian critical discourses and articles frequently emphasise the epigonism of Cugler’s texts by comparative approaches with those belonging to the precursor of the Romanian avant-garde, Urmuz. This represents one of the manifestations of the marginalized avant-garde in the Romanian literature of the interwar period, marginalization established by the dominant conservative literary criticism. Consequently, the paper argues the epigonic labeling often associated with Grigore Cugler, placing the writer in-between two dichotomic types of critical reception: epigonism and a genuine continuity of the modern vision. The specific context of the avant-garde in exile may determine the particularization of the literary discourse, resulting in the originality and individuality of Grigore Cugler’s volumes. This aspect highlights the individual literary evolution of the writer, far removed from the established central model of the Romanian avant garde, Urmuz, with whom Grigore Cugler shares the modern vision that implies a spectacular dimension of unreality and absurd.

Cyber Pearl Harbor is Not Coming: US Politics Between War and Peace

Cyber Pearl Harbor is Not Coming: US Politics Between War and Peace

Author(s): Dominika Dziwisz / Language(s): English / Issue: 79/2022

Keywords: cybersecurity; cyber Pearl Harbor; USA; cyberwar

In 2012, the US Defense Secretary Leon E. Panetta warned against an inevitable ‘cyber-Pearl Harbor’, an attack that would cause physical destruction and loss of life. Even though the darkest scenarios have not come true, his words shaped the perception of conflicts in cyberspace.1 Recently, between the cyberwar and cyberpeace, states started recognizing a grey zone area – aggressive and offensive actions below the threshold of armed aggression that enable gaining strategic advantage. The aim of the article is to describe and discuss the change in the American approach to managing conflicts in the cyberspace. The focus will be on describing the current state of the concept of the grey zone in the US strategic documents, as well as the premises for forecasting the development of the grey zone in the future.

Transatlantic Context for Gaelic Language Revitalisation

Transatlantic Context for Gaelic Language Revitalisation

Author(s): STUART S. DUNMORE / Language(s): English / Issue: 5/2020

Keywords: language ideology; revitalisation; diaspora; heritage; motivation;

The notion of the ‘new speaker’, and its salience particularly in relation to minority language sociolinguistics, has become increasingly prevalent in the last decade. The term refers to individuals who have acquired an additional language to high levels of oracy and make frequent use of it in the course of their lives. Language advocates in both Scotland and Nova Scotia emphasise the crucial role of new speakers in maintaining Gaelic on both sides of the Atlantic. As a result, Gaelic language teaching has been prioritised by policymakers as a mechanism for revitalising the language in both polities. This article examines reflexes of this policy in each country, contrasting the ongoing fragility of Gaelic communities with new speaker discourses around heritage, identity, and language learning motivations. Crucially, I argue that challenging sociodemographic circumstances in Gaelic communities in Scotland and Nova Scotia contrast with current policy discourses, and with new speaker motivations for acquiring higher levels of Gaelic oracy in North America.

Construction of Masculinities in the Discourse of Migrant Students in Chile

CONSTRUCCIÓN DE MASCULINIDADES EN LOS DISCURSOS DE ESTUDIANTES MIGRANTES EN CHILE

Author(s): Sylvia Contreras-Salinas,Monica Ramirez Pavelic,Carolina Gonzalez-Martinez,Matias Mendez Silva / Language(s): Spanish / Issue: 34/2021

Keywords: childhood; migration; masculinities; speeches; school

The main objective of this paper was to identify the conceptions and representations associated with the construction of masculinity in the discourse and counter-discourse of male migrant students, aged between 12 and 14. To this end, a qualitative methodology was used in the form of group interviews and field notes. The data collected was analyzed from the standpoint of the discursive psychological approach of Korobov and Bamberg (2004), as well as discourse analysis. During this research it was possible to note the self-perception of children youths as being men in construction, and the non-existence of contributions from the school to the processes of construction of their masculinities. Another element to consider is the relevance that migrant students give to their family and particularly to the figure of the mother, mainly in terms of care and affection. Likewise, one of the main conclusions, in line with other research studies, reveals that, despite some exceptions, the students maintain a patriarchal idea of what it means to be a man and of his role in the social order, i.e. to keep the male imperative to procreate and provide.