Publisher: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego

"Polski atlas etnograficzny". Historia, osiągnięcia, perspektywy badawcze

Author(s): Zygmunt Kłodnicki,Agnieszka Pieńczak,Joanna Koźmińska / Language(s): Polish

In the part The Polish Ethnographic Atlas in the historical perspective, consisting of two chapters, the circumstances and methods have been presented of collecting materials for the needs of Polski atlas etnograficzny [The Polish Ethnographic Atlas] (PAE) as well as the process of making maps. The principles of ethnogeographic concluding and the retrogressive method have been also discussed. The most important works based on the analyses of ethnographic maps are presented – they concern cultural diversification of Poland, marking the Polish-German borderland and the potentialities of comparative studies with the use of the materials and maps comprised in the PAE and Atlas der deutschen Volkskunde [The Atlas of German Folklore] (ADV). The chapter The ethnogeographical and retrogressive method comprises the history of atlas works in Poland. The first Polish but at the same time European collection of ethnographic maps is Atlas kultury ludowej w Polsce [The Atlas of Folk Culture in Poland], elaborated by Kazimierz Moszyński and Jadwiga Klimaszewska on the basis of materials from the first half of the 1930s. They refer to Poland in its borders until World War II. In the same period, materials were collected in Germany for the ADV (edited by Heinrich Harmjanz and Erich Röhr), which took into account the area of Austria. A part of the territories covered by the ADV research are current Western and Northern areas of Poland – therefore, the data collected there are a precious ethnographic source, partially suitable for comparative studies.The next Polish atlas is Polski atlas etnograficzny, created and edited by Józef Gajek. At first,the works were conducted within the Polish Ethnological Society and materials were collectedby post correspondence. In 1953, the PAE was taken over by the newly opened Department ofEthnography of the Institute of Material Culture History (currently: the Institute of Archaeology and Ethnology) at the Polish Academy of Sciences. Field studies were carried out in 332 villages (this number increased slightly later) and the researchers were ethnographers and ethnography students. The fast dying out of traditional culture and often insufficient materials from field studies were the reasons why soon the data from expert literature and museums started to be taken into account as well.So far, the PAE sample booklet (1958) and booklets 1–6 (1964–1981) have been published. They all concern material culture and comprise 372 maps. Many issues associated with social and spiritual culture have remained in the manuscripts of booklets 7–9. Since 1993, the volumes of „Komentarze do Polskiego Atlasu Etnograficznego” [Commentaries to the Polish Ethnographic Atlas] have been published, at first edited by Janusz Bohdanowicz and Zygmunt Kłodnicki, later also by Agnieszka Pieńczak (the caregiver of the atlas collections).What is also presented in this chapter are the problems of the cartographic technique with special focus on the dependence of the quality of maps on the nature of questions provided in the questionnaires. Special value can be attributed to the maps based on the responses to the questions concerning strictly defined artefacts or other cultural phenomena – closed questions. Open questions have brought spontaneous responses which resulted in the approximate ranges (on maps: areas of occurrence). The contents of questions are placed in map legends. The chapter Reasons of the differentiation in traditional culture of the Polish village is a presentation of the major accomplishments achieved owing to the ethnogeographic method inthe field of: reconstructing earlier stages of culture on the territories of Poland (Moszyński),its later growing diversification due to Western influences (Moszyński, Gajek, Bohdanowicz,Kłodnicki), the shaping and lasting of cultural regions which had been earlier tribal territories(Gajek, Bohdanowicz) or were formed later (Andrzej Brencz).The possibility of comparative studies with the use of PAE and ADV maps are limited because the research for the needs of the ADV was conducted only among the German and Austrian population, whereas in the case of the PAE the ethnic criterion was not applied. Moreover, both atlases differ in the research time and most of the maps have different legends.In the work Obrzędowość narodzinowa na Górnym Śląsku (izolacja położnicy). Polski atlasetnograficzny i Atlas der deutschen Volkskunde w perspektywie porównawczej [Birth rituals in Upper Silesia (isolation of the birth-giving woman). The Polish Ethnographic Atlas and Atlas der deutschen Volkskunde in the comparative perspective] (2016), Pieńczak confirmed that in some cases such comparative studies are possible provided some rigours are kept. Thisraises hope as there are already many thousands of maps in the European ethnocartographicoutput (Annex 1). A large amount of data can be subjected to statistical analysis with the useof correlation methods, which has been earlier checked by Kłodnicki in the materials of Polski atlas etnograficzny (1994).The second part of the book, “The Polish Ethnographic Atlas” in the contemporary perspective starts with the chapter Cultural heritage on the platform Digital Archives of the Polish Ethnographic Atlas. From the idea to implementation, in which the authors discuss the shaping of the concept of digitalization and sharing of the Polish Ethnographic Atlas Archives, the major assumptions and potentialities of the project implementation, and the related research results. What is more, the specificity of the PAE digital platform has been presented as well. The Research Team of the Polish Ethnographic Atlas, functioning within the Faculty of Ethnology and Education (in Cieszyn) at the University of Silesia has undertaken an innovative attempt at the elaboration, digitalization and sharing of the atlas materials (the deposit of the Institute of Archaeology and Ethnology of the Polish Academy of Sciences). The Polish Ethnographic Atlas is the only archive of this type in Poland and it covers the whole territory of Poland. Until recently, the access to these archival sources was limited. What has become the priority for the initiators of the undertaking is the digitalization of the rich PAE archives, which is designed for many years. Its first step comprises the presentation and sharing of three unique ethnographic collections in the internet.In 2014, the implementation started of the several-years-long project „The Polish Ethnographic Atlas – scientific elaboration, electronic database, the publication of resources in the Internet” within the National Programme for the Development of Humanities. The aim was to reach a possibly broad group of hypothetical recipients, including representatives of humanities and social sciences dealing with the broadly understood cultural heritage. The undertaking was implemented by ten people, mostly employed in the Institute of Ethnology and Cultural Anthropology (in Cieszyn) at the University of Silesia and in the Polish Institute of Anthropology (Warsaw) – among them the four main contractors of the project (Professor Zygmunt Kłodnicki, Ph.D. hab., Agnieszka Pieńczak, Ph.D., Edyta Diakowska-Kohut, M.A., Joanna Koźmińska, M.A.). In the team, there were other ethnologists, as well as IT specialists and a photographer specializing in digitalization of museum collections.In the first stage of the implementation, due to a large number of objects indicated for digitalization, only some were selected by three criteria. Digitalization works and the edition of digital catalogues, which took many months, concerned three large ethnographic collections, comprising over 12 100 photographs taken during field studies (1954–1971), 770 published atlas maps (1958–2013) and over 470 questionnaires dedicated to wild plants collecting, which comprised herbaria (1947–1953). All the discussed collections are worth sharing their special historical value, particularly for people interested in rural culture, and because they are the most typical of atlas activity.The financial support of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education and of the Faculty ofEthnology and Education at the University of Silesia enabled the establishing of the Digitalization Laboratory of the Polish Ethnographic Atlas, equipped with specialist research appliances. For indexing the atlas collections and their publication in the Internet, the web application Galeneo was used. This enabled the activation of the digital platform Digital Archives of the Polish Ethnographic Atlas (www.archiwumpae.us.edu.pl).The currently conducted atlas works mark the beginning of implementing the research concept aimed at creating a coherent, synthetic, digital collection of archival resources and at sharing them in the public interface. However, due to the large size of the PAE collections, this is a long-term activity. In the future, the atlas output will be brought together in one easily accessible collection, which will provide a precedent possibility of effective search for interesting issues within various fields of culture.In the second chapter, Anthropology in the network. A digital project of the Polish Institute ofAnthropology, the issues have been discussed concerning the condition of digital humanities in Poland in the perspective of ethnology and anthropology. The distinction between anthropology in the net and netnography has been provided. The former consist in collecting, storing and indexing (in the Internet) anthropological contents available in the traditional (offline) form.The latter, according to Robert V. Kozinets, is the scientific exploration of the internet space.What is also provided are many examples of both phenomena, which confirms the growingnumber of projects oriented towards activities in the internet space. Two projects have been described in detail – „Biblioteka Cyfrowa PIA [Digital Library of the Polish Institute of Anthropology]” (www.cyfrowaetnografia.pl) and „Polski Atlas Etnograficzny – opracowanie naukowe, elektroniczny katalog danych, publikacja zasobów w sieci Internet, etap I [The Polish Ethnographic Atlas – scientific elaboration, electronic database, publishing the resources in the Internet, stage I]” (www.archiwumpae.us.edu.pl). They are compliant withthe current classified as anthropology in the net and they constitute a significant undertakingfor the whole scientific environment. They are also an example of the collaboration betweenthe Research Team of the Polish Ethnographic Atlas (functioning at the Faculty of Ethnologyand Education of the University of Silesia in Katowice) and the Polish Institute of Anthropology.The joint studies conducted by both institutions have resulted in the open internet accessto the unique digitalized collection of 380 atlas maps, which might become the basis for manyresearch projects. What constitutes an important part of the publication are three extensive annexes, which are an effect of the atlas studies carried out for several last years. The first comprises a list of maps concerning the material culture, coming from Atlas kultury ludowej wPolsce, Polski atlas etnograficzny, and some atlases of nearby countries. The list takes into account also some available maps resulting from ethnographic works of other types. Particular attention is paid here to the maps included in diploma theses which have been written on the basis of the materials of the PAE Research Team in Cieszyn by students under the supervision of Zygmunt Kłodnicki and later of Agnieszka Pieńczak and Anna Drożdż. The second annex contains the detailed data concerning over 440 places of the PAE research network, in which a rich photographic documentation was collected in the 1950s, 1960s and 1970s. The third annex comprises the information on over 230 places of this network in which first questionnaire studies were conducted.

(Auto)refleksja pedagogiczna nauczyciela edukacji wczesnoszkolnej. Wgląd w praktykę

Author(s): Beata Oelszlaeger-Kosturek / Language(s): Polish

The monograph (Auto)Reflection of an Early Childhood Education Teacher. A Practical View showcases theoretical, methodological and empirical aspects of early childhood education teacher’s everyday work. The volume concerns a certain reflection and auto-reflection on the part of the teacher, whose duties entail optimal planning and organization, as well as the subsequent realization, control and evaluation not only of their students’ work (in the teaching-learning process), but also their own. Moreover, the volume attempts to approach such reflection and auto-reflection on the part of the teacher in the context of the learning through doing theory proposed by Wojciech Kojs, and to showcase, in the light of this theory, the importance of the research agency of the subject.

(Nie)przygotowani. Metafora szkoły w polskiej poezji współczesnej

Author(s): Kamila Czaja / Language(s): Polish

The dissertation focuses on the – underrepresented in the state of research – subject of metaphor of school in the contemporary Polish poetry. The inspirations drawn from the works on the subject of the cognitive metaphor (Lakoff and Johnson) and the development of this theory on the poetic matter (Lakoff and Turner), from the papers written in the field of anthropology of education, from the partial analyses of the works by poets using the school scenes and terminology and, at last, from philosophical, psychological, pedagogical and sociological studies on mutual connections between education and non-school world allow to see the multifaceted application of the large metaphor LIFE IS A SCHOOL in the poetry. To show this large-scale subject (both in the aspect of the time-frame and poetic diction or genre) in a systematic way, the thesis consists of two parts, which are the result of two complementary approaches. The first part of the dissertation, Stages, is dedicated to the metaphor of school existing in the Polish poetry of two different periods – the years 1945–1989 (the escape from politics into the universal metaphors of school versus the use of school language as the way to beat the Polish People’s Republic system at its own game) and the new Polish poetry (the last works by the Old Masters, the transformation of the anti-system poetry after 1989, the poems forerunningthe latest poetic strategy, the anti-school statements by the authors who emerged after 1989 and their inclination to use the metaphor of school). This chronological conceptualization of the subject allows to present the intergenerational similarities and differences in including the school scenes, characters, objects and terms in the poetry, but at the same time it shows that the metaphor of school is formed partly under the influence of external (historical, political, social) factors, so this figure can be used not only as the universal large metaphor, but also as the instrument of verbalization of the experiences and changes associated with the specific events.The second part of the thesis, Topics, serves as the examination of those elements of school reality that build the metaphors connected with education. The school accessories, the educational institutions and stages, the teachers and the students, the timetable (lessons, tutoring, truancy, summer breaks), as well as the methods of evaluation of the educational performance appear in the contemporary Polish poetry in various forms and turn out to be the way to verbalize a wide range of existential experiences.The timelessness of school as the large metaphor of life and the specific strategies of metaphorization that change with time both contribute to versatility of this kind of poetic practices – the practices that are able to express different aspects of life metaphorically by the means connected with school. Love and death, past, present and future, self-recognition and the knowledge of the Other become more accessible and understandable when they are presented as the elements of “education” – even if the findings drawn from those “lessons”on the human condition can be really disheartening.

(Nie)zapomniany czar arcydzieł. Anonim, Barańczak, Camus…

Author(s): Marek Piechota / Language(s): Polish

This is a selection of papers from the collected works published in Częstochowa, Katowice, Lublin, Warszawa, and volumes dedicated to eminent historians of Polish and world literatures, librarians, creators of culture (in Poland and Lithuania), poets, and social-cultural activists. None of these texts are reprints of their first editions. All of them have been revised for the new publication and supplemented with an updated bibliography and new, extensive fragments. In the Przedsłowie [Foreword], the author distances himself from Latinocentric studies because the formula “all roads lead to Rome” is an oversimplification; it correlates more with the first chapters of the book and less so with the ones that follow. It is only a signpost, a trace of the masterpieces being rooted in classical literature. However, we only see what we can perceive. When we look more closely, we usually find out that “all roads lead to Rome”, albeit some lead to Athens. Chapter 1 „Arma virumque cano…”. Niepowtarzalny urok pierwszych zdań arcydzieł. Potocki (Jan), Ballard, Camus, Nabokov, Tołstoj (Lew) [“Arma virumque cano…’: The Unique Charm of the First Sentences of Masterpieces. Potocki (Jan), Ballard, Camus, Nabokov, Tolstoy (Leo)] offers a view that the sentences we remembered as the first sentences of masterpieces (as our predecessors taught us) were rarely the true opening sentences of those works. A closer look at the text leads to a re-interpretation and each consecutive reading is a discovery of new meanings. Chapter 2 Wyrwane z kontekstu. O obyczaju nadawania nowych znaczeń zaledwie fragmentom cudzych myśli. Rekonesans nieco obszerniejszy [Out of Context: On the Custom of Assigning New Meanings to Someone Else’s Ideas: A Slightly Broader Reconnaissance] shows that among next generations, there is a tendency to simplify readings and retain fragmented sentences; sometimes a few hexameters remain in the common memory as half of a verse, whose interpretation is far from the original. The authors of complete thoughts presumably would not have put their names on these pieces. Chapter 3 Afraniusz i Pedan – mistrzowie niesubordynacji. Bułhakow versus Feuchtwanger [Afranius and Pedan – Masters of Insubordination: Bulgakov versus Feuchtwanger] offers a comparative study of two symmetrical composition techniques, which appeared independently of each other and almost simultaneously, in The Master and Margherita and The Jewish War. It is commonly assumed that eager subordinates follow their superiors’ orders with accuracy. Carrying them out à rebours in terms of the official wording, emphatically expressed by the one giving orders, sometimes turns out to be the highest form of obedience and allegiance on the part of the subordinate. Disobedience goes unpunished when it has advantages for the one giving the orders and relieves them of responsibility. Chapter 4 Czy w inwokacji „Pana Tadeusza” Mickiewicz użył rymów częstochowskich? Kilka dopowiedzeń z klamrą liryczną w tle [Did Mickiewicz Use Doggerel in the Invocation to Pan Tadeusz?: A Few Remarks with a Lyrical Framing Device in the Background]. Mickiewicz readily used grammatical rhymes, valued during the Renaissance period. Although his aim was to achieve the simplicity of poetic expression, he never lowered himself to doggerel (vernacular, trivialized), which prompted criticisms of commentators. It is argued that patriotic lyric poetry intertwined with personal lyric poetry prevails in the “Epilogue”, whereas personal lyric poetry, ostensibly directed at the narrator, “host of the poem”, “cordial witness” of the story told, comes to the fore in the invocation. Chapter 5 Funkcje motywu homeryckiego w „Górach o zmierzchu” Krzysztofa Zanussiego. Film – scenariusz – nowela filmowa. Trzy warianty jednej sceny i ich konsekwencje interpretacyjne [Functions of the Homeric Theme in Krzysztof Zanussi’s Mountains at Dusk: Film – Script –Short Film: Three Variants of One Scene and Their Consequences for Interpretation] confirms the belief about the distinctiveness of the three variants of artistic material (film, script, and short film). The analysis was based on a part of script inspired by antiquity, which the director of the film lent to the authors of the book Homer. Watching the film after a reading of the other two sources changes the understanding and emotional reception of the scene with the Homeric theme and the entire film. Through the completeness of sources, a broader circle of recipients was able to follow through the process of creating a film. Chapter 6 Retoryka pisania o „Zemście” Aleksandra Fredry z uwzględnieniem kategorii odbiorcy [The Rhetoric of Writing about Aleksander Fredro’s Revenge with the Consideration of a Recipient] makes us aware of the significance for a literary historian of whether they adjust their comment to a recipient. A lecture on Aleksander Fredro’s Revenge, inaugurating an academic year for the foreign students of the Polish language and culture, ended with a punchline that educated people associated “revenge” with comedy only in Poland. If it were not for other issues, our country could be thought of as a land of happy people. It turned out that the author had repressed the memory of the rather vicious and satirical television realization of Fredro’s Revenge directed by Olga Lipińska in 1994 and disregarded Bolesław Prus’s short story under the same title, with strongly postcolonial undertones. The recipient category restricts the sender regardless of whether they are aware of it or act on intuition. Chapter 7 Wśród wartości zapoznanych ze szczętem. O powieści „Bogactwo” Wandy Miłaszewskiej [Among the Intimately Familiar Values: On Wanda Miłaszewska’s Novel Bogactwo (Wealth)] points to two anachronisms: a novel that won awards shortly before the outbreak of World War II is lacking a cross-generational dialogue about sexual issues. It mainly pertains to the upper classes and to a lesser extent the “low-life”. The upper classes, people of high culture – do not discuss “these” issues. The novel seems anachronic even in the context of its contemporaneous times because it disregards the tendency to abandon social didactics in a popular novel. Sic transit gloria… Chapter 8 Ślady tradycji trzynastozgłoskowca w tomiku „Chwila” Wisławy Szymborskiej [Traces of a Thirteen-Syllable Verse in Wisława Szymborska’s Book of Poems Moment] argues that multiple readings of Pan Tadeusz, while writing a book in requirement of a Professor title, sensitizes the author to the rhythm and melodics of thirteen-syllable verse, hence he can also trace it in contemporary poems without seeing it as a relic of a bygone era, but rather a sign of longing for this verse, quite unexpectedly re-emerging in the lyric poetry at the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries, including the book of poems Moment, mentioned in the title, as well as the non-mentioned Colon, Here, and Enough. Chapter 9 Romantyczne konteksty ludowej śpiewki „Kamień na kamieniu…”, czyli o pożytkach płynących z lektury cudzych listów. Z arcydziełem Wiesława Myśliwskiego w tle [Romantic Contexts of the Folk Tune Kamień na kamieniu… (Stone upon Stone…), or on the Benefits of Reading Someone Else’s Letters: With Wiesław Myśliwski’s Masterpiece in the Background] leads to a re-interpretation of Wiesław Myśliwski’s conviction that the musical theme of his masterpiece derives from folklore; this tune was known as a folk tune in the mid19th century. The benefits of reading someone else’s letters can lead to surprising discoveries; in a letter to Edward Odyniec, Salomea Bécu suggests that the author of the tune, written during a „dance soirée” in Vilnius (in the fall of 1826), was Stefan Zan, a younger brother of Adam Mickiewicz’s friend – Tomasz. The attendees of that soirée were, among the Vilnius youth, her son Juliusz and step daughters Hersylia and Aleksandra Bécu. Chapter 10 Sonet nie umiera nigdy. Barańczak i Kijonka wśród odnowicieli gatunku o blisko osiemsetletniej tradycji [Sonnet Never Dies. Barańczak and Kijonka among the Restorationists of a Genre with a Nearly 800-Year-Old Tradition] – is a study growing from a conviction that if any genre in the history of literature could claim the Horatian “Non omnis moriar”, it would most likely be the sonnet. The genre had a less or more intense presence in almost all epochs of European literatures and was undergoing transformations which do not end even in postmodernism. To sum up, the sonnet never dies, and Stanisław Barańczak and Tadeusz Kijonka are among its restorationists.

(Od)pamiętywanie – gry z przeszłością w literaturze dla dzieci i młodzieży

Author(s): / Language(s): Polish

(Re)interpretacje. Między praktyką twórczą a dyskursem

Author(s): / Language(s): Polish

(Trans)pozycje idei w postjugosłowiańskim dramatopisarstwie oraz teatrze (1990–2020). Perspektywa transkulturowa

Author(s): Gabriela Abrasowicz / Language(s): Polish

The Post-Yugoslav playwriting and theatre production constitutes a space which facilitates observation of the transposition of artistic, socio-political and philosophical ideas. Those phenomenon stems from cultural mobility, the integration of multiple components coming from different cultural backgrounds and involves the creation of new qualities. The fundamental research principles in this case are the perception of culture as a process of exchange and the implementation of the open connection networks model. The discussed artistic projects of playwrights and theatre directors active in the countries of the former Yugoslavia confirm that this phenomenon is still in the nascent stage. Its dynamic formula is a good starting point for reflection on the flows and ideological and aesthetic links that are becoming apparent in the drama and theatre of many European countries.

A contrastive perspective on figurative language

Author(s): / Language(s): English

In recent decades, linguistics has witnessed a rising interest in figurative language. The inspiration for this kind of research may be connected to the rise and development of cognitive semantics, which has made metaphor one of its key notions. George Lakoff and Mark Johnson, in their seminal work titled Metaphors We Live By (1980, modified and republished in 2003), denied the conviction that figurative speech is an aberration or anomaly that speakers use only in a limited number of special contexts. Lakoff and Johnson postulated that metaphor, together with metonymy, are actually pervasive ways of thinking and common cognitive tools that motivate a remarkable amount of our language (2003/1980: 3). Their findings have been developed by numerous authors, who have contributed to the Conceptual Metaphor Theory with both empirical research into various languages, as well as elaborations on the theoretical issues.1 Furthermore, it has been observed that metaphors and metonymies may vary among languages: the ways speakers use non-literal language is not universal, but to a large extent it depends on the culture, including the background of the speaker, or the specific context of language use (Kövecses 2005: 292–294). The aim of this volume is to present various examples of research into figurative language from the cross-linguistic perspective. However, first, we want to focus on the notion of figurative language as such, and notice how its understanding in linguistics has changed over the past decades. Next, we will focus on the cross-linguistic research into figurative language in contemporary linguistics. Finally, the topics undertaken in the subsequent chapters of this volume will be shortly presented and discussed. (fragment of introduction)

A jeśli nie trzeba się uczyć...

Author(s): Tadeusz Sławek / Language(s): Polish

The essay suggests that education should be given back to those who think of it and practice it with the open mind and generous heart. Schools and universi¬ties certainly are information providers and frame the process of fundamental socialization. But education suffers from the deficit in the realm of a forma¬tion of the individual subject. If limited to the territory and language of input and outcome, strictly professional knowledge deprived of a wider perspective from which various results of the implementation of this knowledge could be critically evaluated, and controlled by the statistical measurements of schol¬arly production, education will be no more than a mechanical process, at the end of which, as Friedrich Schiller brilliantly observed, a human individual is merely a reflection of his or her profession. Thinking of professional skills as mandatory and indispensable, we also claim that education is about being able to make one’s own judgments concerning justice and injustice, truth and lie, wrong and right moral decisions. With the help of literary and philosophical texts, informed by Plato, Shakespeare, Spinoza, Patočka, Tischner and others, we try to demonstrate that, as Gert Biesta maintains, education aims at “prac¬tical wisdom which is not to be understood merely as a set of competences, but denotes a certain quality or excellence of the person.”

Ab inferis ad rostra. Przywoływanie zmarłych w retoryce rzymskiej okresu republikańskiego

Author(s): Damian Pierzak / Language(s): Polish

Adam Chmara (1720—1805) — ostatni wojewoda miński w świecie polityki czasów stanisławowskich i jego archiwum

Author(s): Dariusz Rolnik / Language(s): Polish

The biography paints the portrait of Adam Chmara across different walks of life, as a nobleman anda citizen who aspired to count himself among the powerful and mighty Polish statesmen duringthe reign of Stanisław II Augustus. Politically, he can be counted among the staunch reformers ofthe Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth; privately, he was a caring husband and father, and a benevolentmaster who on the one hand valued profit, but who valued his subordinates as well; a kind,generous and polite man. Theoretically, then, he presents a picture of a man virtually devoid offlaws; nonetheless, a lot of the hypotheses and suppositions that appear here are not the fault ofthe author but rather the subject of this biography. One thing which, in theory, should surprisethe reader with regard to the figure of Chmara is his talent for adaptation to new, unforeseencircumstances, which seems to be his dominant feature; but is it just his individual characteristic?Jarosław Czubaty wrote in detail about the principle of two consciences among the citizens of theCommonwealth, but is it not merely a reflection of nearly the entire generation of intellectual elitesof the Enlightenment persuasion, which emerged during the reign of Stanisław II Augustus? Oneof their most fundamental principles was the professed love for the motherland and its subjects,as well as the acknowledgment of the necessity of the betterment of people’s social and materialcircumstances, accompanied by the complete lack of any kind of determination or sacrifice madein order to achieve these goals. This, of course, is merely a hypothesis; however, the fear of takingresponsibility for the fate of the country — whose origin is difficult to determine — is a rathercurious phenomenon. It could be argued, of course, that it originated in the desire to protect thenobles’ estates, their families, or other reasons, but that alone cannot account for everything. Onthe one hand, then, the phenomenon could be attributed to particular reactions to the unfoldingevents, but on the other hand, it could be also attributed to this Enlightenment mindset whichconstituted the guide for people’s behavior; in a world governed by reason, pragmatism and logicrule over everything else, and it is only once we acknowledge that fact that we can discuss thejustification — the principle of two consciences.

Adam Didur. Droga artystyczna przez Metropolitan Opera do Bytomia. Materiały z Interdyscyplinarnej Konferencji Naukowej zorganizowanej w dniach 11–12 maja 2017 roku na Uniwersytecie Śląskim w Katowicach

Author(s): / Language(s): Polish

The book is a new monographic study of Adam Didur’s (24.12.1873 – 7.01.1946) artistic, educational and organizational legacy – an opera singer who made a name for himself in the Polish musical culture at the end of the 19th and the first half of the 20th century and who succesfully performed on all major opera stages in Poland and all over the world, including The Metropolitan Opera and Teatro alla Scala. The monograph presents the current state of research concerning Didur and his disciples on the basic of studies, theatre criticism and archival documents made available, often for the first time, by Polish and foreign archives and institutions. A lot of space has been given to the texts that bring the latests results of research on the creation by Didur and the artists expatriated from Lviv of an opera theatre in Upper Silesia after World War II.

Adaptacje biografii i twórczości Josepha Conrada w kulturze współczesnej

Author(s): Agnieszka Adamowicz‑Pośpiech / Language(s): Polish

Adaptations seem to be ubiquitous in contemporary culture. The present monograph touches upon the subject of widely understood adaptations in relation to Joseph Conrad’s life and work. Most definitions of adaptation operate on the assumption that it is a literary work which constitutes the seed of an adaptation. The author argues, however, that biographies of writers have also become fully-fledged cultural texts and, similarly to literary texts, may be subject to adaptation. The biography of Joseph Conrad-Korzeniowski constitutes rich adaptation material, in which sensational plots overlap with adventures, and dramatic events (including love stories) interweave with comedic ones. It comes as no surprise, then, that many artists have drawn on this arsenal of motifs, have tapped into this arsenal of motifs, choosing their favorite episodes and fleshing them out or dramatizing them to transform them in their works. The monograph constitutes an analysis of the transformation of Conrad’s figure (and his works) by contemporary artists within five categories: graphic novels (Heart of Darkness. A Graphic Novel by C. Anyango and D.Z. Mairowitz, Congo by T. Tirabosco and Ch. Perrissin, Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness by P. Kuper and Au coeur des ténèbres by S. Miquel and L. Godart), comic books (The Amazing Tales by J. Conrad, Ł. Godlewski and M. Jasiński), literary appropriations (Heart of Darkness by J. Dukaj, Dżozef by J. Małecki, Condition by E. Rylski), theater plays (Conrad by I. Villqist, Wyspiański/Conrad by T. Man), film scripts and radio plays (Victory by H. Pinter). Finally, the volume discusses the presence of the figure of Conrad in the context of contemporary branding, as well as the factors conducive to building a strong “Conrad” brand in contemporary Polish culture. The conducted analyses demonstrate, in turn, that not only the writer’s works, but also his biography understood as a cultural text remains present in contemporary culture, constituting an attractive and abundant source of adaptation.

Administracja. Prawo administracyjne. Część ogólna

Author(s): / Language(s): Polish

The monograph entitled Administration. Administrative law. General part presents the issues pertaining to the general part of administrative law in plain, clear language. The book’s content is divided into five parts. Part One deals with the peculiarities of administration in a free, democratic welfare state under the rule of law. Part Two presentsmajor issues related to administration understood as a function of the state which is regulated by law. Part Three of the publication, in turn, discusses particular forms of administrative actions, whereas Part Four – the relationships regulated by administrative law. The concluding Part Five of the monograph concerns the responsibility borne by public administration and its bodies.As an academic textbook this publication is aimed at students of law and administration, as well as articled clerks, but it may also be of use to legal practitioners. This publication constitutes a substantial contribution in the discussion about directions of changes in public administration that have been taking place since the year 1990, when Poland’s political system was transformed thereby restoring local selfgovernment.The latter, as a basic form of centralized public administration, functions as an important school of democracy and empowerment of local communities. Both the Editors and the Contributors of this publication are outstanding experts in the field as well as experienced practitioners, which translates into high intellectual value of their studies included in the book.

Akty prawa wewnętrznie obowiązującego a uchwały organów prawniczych samorządów zawodów zaufania publicznego

Author(s): Agnieszka Wiktorzak / Language(s): Polish

The first chapter touches upon the issue of internal law regulations. The chapter discusses, among other things, the topic of the subjective scope of functioning of such normative regulations. Chapter two, in turn, presents two models of organizing the administration system: centralized and decentralized. Central state authorities functioning in the centralized model of administration can issue internal law regulations. In chapter three, the author elaborates on the concepts of “the act of implementation of the law” and “the legislative act.” Chapter four discusses the issue of the legal authorities of professional associations constituting public authorities, legally entitled to issuing acts of implementation of the law. The author presents the legal basis for the functioning of legal authorities of professional associations which represent people in public trust professions. Moreover, the chapter includes an overview of resolutions of the legal authorities of public trust profession associations in the context of the constitutional freedoms of the individual. In chapter five, in turn, the author introduces the topic of the constitutional rule of the freedom of business activity in the case of people in legal public trust professions. Moreover, the author touches upon the notion of the material and formal aspect of the limitation of business activity in the case of people in legal public trust professions.

Aktywizacja edukacyjna i zawodowa mieszkańców a jakość życia w miastach peryferyjnych

Author(s): / Language(s): Polish

The book „Educational and professional activation of inhabitants and the quality of life in peripheral cities” edited by Adam Bartoszek and Urszula Swadźba constitutes a comprehensive, and statistically based discussion of the problems of the activation of the so-called human capital in peripheral cities of Silesian and Opole voivodship in question. The article opening the volume entitled „Human capital in a local environment” by Adam Bartoszek is a theoretical introduction to the assumptions of studies on the problems of making the human capital active at the level of local communities. The article by Bożena Pactwa entitled „Human resources and demographic processes on selected peripheral cities of Silesian and Opole voivodships” stands for a demographic analysis based on statistical data from the yeares 1995—2008. A detailed analysis by Rafał Muster entitled “Problems of the activation of the human capital on local job markets in the light of statistical analyses and opinions of those in charge of public services of employment…” deals with the issue of the activation of the human capital on local job markets of Lubliniec, Racibórz, Nysa and Prudnik. Urszula Swadźba, in her article „Educational activity as an expression of local strategies and an innovative nature of human resources in small and middle-sized cities” deals with the problem of an educational activity of people inhabiting the places in question. Another article by Adam Bartoszek entitled „Educational and professional mobility of inhabitants and the quality of life in peripheral cities” presents the results of a survey conducted in four intentionally selected peripheral cities in the Upper Silesia (Racibórz, Nysa, Lubliniec and Głogówek). The analysis was structured as a comparative diagnosis contrasting the opinions of the heads of households with the opinions of the leaders of local communities, constituting a cross-sectional representation of various communities of small and mieddle-sized cities. The article by Marek Dziewierski entitled „An identity of place and adaptation strategies of the inhabitants of small and middle-sized cities” is a summary of the stage of qualitative studies. It deals with the issue of the relationships and interdependences between a social identity of the inhabitants of peripheral cities and their life choices connected with education, work or a preferable place of living. In the final chapter of the book, Adam Bartoszek and Urszula Swadźba summarize the consequences of the mobility of human capital for the quality of life in the studied cities.

Aleksander Wat: forma życia. Studium o pisaniu, doświadczeniu, obecności

Author(s): Paweł Paszek / Language(s): Polish

The book "Aleksander Wat: A Form of Life. A Study on Writing, Experience, Presence" concentrates on the issues of special creative writing experience founded on the union and consonance of existential and textual structures. Literature is understood as a formation and a form of life. The first chapter is an attempt to describe a modern literature experience. The primary perspectives concern the writing experience and its influence on the shape and presence of subjectivity. The considerations included in the next two parts are based on a very meticulous reading and interpretation of the two most important works of Aleksander Wat ("JA z jednej strony i JA z drugiej strony mego mopsożelaznego piecyka" and "Pieśni wędrowca"). The last part summarizes the author’s main reflections.

An English-Polish Dictionary of Linguistic Terms

Author(s): / Language(s): English,Polish

An English-Polish Dictionary of Linguistic Terms is addressed mainly to students pursuing degrees in modern languages, who enrolled in linguistics courses, and more specifically, to those who are writing their MA dissertations on topics from the field of linguistics. The dictionary may be utilized during English lessons by teachers, by translators of texts from the field of linguistics, and more broadly, by those interested in the practical application of research on language; it could be of great assistance in the process of acquiring and understanding of numerous terms and notions commonly used in linguistics. An additional benefit for the prospective users of the dictionary is being able familiarize oneself with Polish equivalents of English linguistics terms. As for the selection of discussed entries, our dictionary is not restricted to a specific area of linguistic study or particular period thereof, but rather encompasses the wide variety of linguistic schools up to the beginnings of the 21st century. Also, while editing the chosen entries, we took into account the linguistics’ correspondence and interrelations with other disciplines of knowledge, such as: logic, philosophy, psychology. So often referred to by linguists themselves. Our dictionary also includes a Polish-English glossary of terms.

Andare a casa o in casa? Analisi cognitiva della preposizione semplice italiana

Author(s): Ryszard Wylecioł / Language(s): Italian

The research regards Italian prepositions in the context of the infinitive andare. Italian shows various construals with diverse prepositions expressing the relation [GO], e.g. andare a scuola, andare in ufficio etc. The analysis is focused on simple prepositions and their usages in expressions being result of direct experience of the world or of metaphorical and/or metonymical extension. The aim is to examine the role of the landmark, its features as an object at the moment of preposition selection. The reference point is R. Langacker’s Cognitive Grammar, especially the process of imagery and the trajector-landmark relation. The interpretation of landmark shall be the decisive element in terms of selection of a preposition in the context of the verb andare.

Angielsko-polski słownik IA, UX, UI & SEO

Author(s): Anna Matysek,Jacek Tomaszczyk / Language(s): English,Polish

The English-Polish dictionary of IA, UX, UI & SEO is the first and only compilation of the terms related to information architecture, user experience, user interfaces, usability, and website optimization. Such a large and structured set of vocabulary in this industry can not be found even in world terminology resources.The authors have collected a set of about 4800 terms and expressions, to which they have assigned Polish equivalents, and often also explanations, supplementary information and cross references. All the entries are provided with the International Phonetic Alphabet transcription of the English terms.The dictionary is primarily addressed to information architecture students. It should also be of interest to website designers, and digital product and service developers.