Publisher: Slavistički komitet BiH

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The speech of the city of Sarajevo and the colloquial Bosnian language

Govor grada Sarajeva i razgovorni bosanski jezik

Author(s): Senahid Halilović,Ilijas Tanović,Amela Šehović / Language(s): Bosnian

Keywords: Bosnian language; dialect of Sarajevo; colloquial Bosnian language; speech of Sarajevo;

There has been no systematic research into the dialect of Bosnian spoken in the city of Sarajevo. The aim of this book is to motivate different linguistic research in the capital of Bosnia and Herzegovina. First of all, a detailed description is required for the traditional speech of the city. Up till now there have only been sporadic efforts to do this. Onomastic and lexical material in Sarajevo is also yet to be explored. Finally, any sociolinguistic research will provide precious data on the multi-layered division of urban speech.The first part of this book presents the speech of Sarajevo within the southern sub-dialect of the eastern Bosnian (ijekavski-šćakavski) dialect,followed by data on the speech of Sarajevo from almost all the sources available for the past three centuries. The material includes the 18th century Annals by Bašeskija, Šurmin’s work from the late 19th century, and various questionnaires from the National Museum. The speech of Sarajevo was partly covered by various writings on dialectology, particularly papers by D. Brozović, and the now totally vanished ekavski-ijekavski dialect spoken in Bjelave, an old quarter in Sarajevo, is presented through data obtained by a survey conducted in the 1980s. This completes all the principal data about speech in Sarajevo until the end of the 20th century.The second part of the book presents specific lexical forms characteristic of the material and spiritual culture of Sarajevo. Some real-life categories as markings of material and spiritual culture maintain dual forms.Semantic analysis of micro-toponyms across Sarajevo is extremely complex, due to the city’s eventful history, different influences, major changes,conflicts and irreconcilable contradictions. This part contains a systemic presentation and a linguistic-cultural commentary on lexical forms and phraseology.The third part is an attempt to shed more light on the under-researched lexical wealth of the conversational style of the Bosnian language.For that purpose, a considerable lexical corpus was amassed using surveys and interviews, mainly in Sarajevo, and the lexemes of Bosnian conversational style were then divided into neutral and marked ones. The aim was to show their principal features in terms of semantics, structure, and function, but also to show that the lexical wealth of the conversational style corresponds functionally to its needs – which is why none of its segments may be prescribed. That is why this section is followed by an analysis ofthe traditionally ignored taboo-words and jargons. A dictionary of lexemes and phrases completes this book, particularly because all the meanings of lexemes and phrasemes were left unchanged from the time when they were collected, some ten years ago. Moreover, the usage labels were not changed despite the slight changes that have happened in this area, particularly in relation to neologisms that have since lost that status. Namely, the intention was to motivate all future researchers into the Bosnian language to become familiar with the meanings of the lexemes at the time they were collected, allowing people to compare them with present lexemes and thus identify any changes in their meaning or use. At the same time, this allows for scientifically founded conclusions to be drawn on the changes in the lexical unit, specific to the conversational practice of any language, including Bosnian. Finally, our research shows the wealth of the lexical fund of colloquial Bosnian, but also indicates the need for more comprehensive and versatile research – and the results of this work may serve as an important incentive.

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Stone Sleeper as an avant-gard text

Kameni spavač Maka Dizdara i ruska književna avangarda

Author(s): Adijata Ibrišimović Šabić / Language(s): Bosnian

Keywords: Mak Dizdar; Kameni spavač; Stone Sleeper; Russian avant-garde literature;

This book, in a way, engages in a polemic with texts which interpret avantgarde exclusively in the context of a destructive and negatory attitude toward tradition as such. It aims to present Dizdar’s best collection of poems as an exceptional, unique example of an avant-garde text, and to discuss Stone Sleeper from a somewhat different angle.As is known, the main task the avant-garde movement took on was to create a kind of art which would correspond with the basic principle of life – the principle of perpetual renewal; the stress avant-garde laid on the written word was informed by a deeply-held conviction that poetry is able to revive lost or forgotten worlds, but also to remember and in this way save worlds from disappearance and death. Stone Sleeper is a magical, lyrical inscenation which fulfils this task by placing trust in, and paying particular attention to the written word. Dizdar’s focus on the word, as one of the fundamental principles of avant-garde, is motivated, of course, by the subject matter of Stone Sleeper,its inspirational basis. The stećak1 is Dizdar’s fundamental artistic reference.In an attempt aesthetically to express the weight, hardness and substantiality of the stone and the facture of the sepulchral word and letter, Dizdar revives the petrified word of the Bosnian epitaph, masterfully demonstrating how creative potential of poetic language, from which an entire forgotten world emerges, is awakened.Avant-garde is also characterised by the principle of innovation. At first glance, and first glance only, this principle does not fit into Dizdar’s aesthetics.For, as has been said in one of the manifestos of the Russian literary avant-garde, “(...) New subjects and objects of creation do not determine its true novelty, and a new light cast on an old world may bring about a most wondrous play.” Stone Sleeper is one such spiritual delving into the silent primordium of Dizdar’s native land and culture. Instead of progressive movement toward future, amid the roar of time, in Dizdar, just as in Russian acmeists and some futurists (Khlebnikov), we find innovation asa recreation of direct, vivid experience of the world through primordial meanings of the words whose sense had either been petrified by prolonged everyday use and is thus in need of de-petrification, or completely forgotten and needs to be resurrected. Such words in Dizdar’s poetry are invested with power, or, as K. Prohić says, with “naturalness of elementary truths and unmediated experience.”

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Language and graphics of border regions' scripts

Jezik i grafija krajišničkih pisama

Author(s): Lejla Nakaš / Language(s): Bosnian

Keywords: border regions; Bosnia and Herzegovina; graphics; Bosnian language;

Aft er Bosnia had fallen under the Turkish rule, literary language of the Middle Ages disintegrated into Serbian Church-Slavic in orthodox, and štokavian vernacular in Catholic cultural circle. Traces of the medieval language are also infiltrated in the early expression of Bosniaks, written in national language, particularly in the corps of the letters which originate from border regions. Th is should mean that Bosniaks are its inheritors too.But, a lack of objective parameters in previous research of the mentioned letters, brought to extra-linguistic assessments and arbitrary judgments of the issue who were the scribes of those letters. Considering the crucial importance of the scribes in the final shaping of language expression, the question of the scribal authorship of Bosnian border region letters emerged as a problem that should be solved through firm criteria deriving from the very letters, their language particularity, graphic solutions and orthographic customs.Th e establishment of criteria which would refer to the letters themselves is even more indispensable since the researchers, who represented /defended the stand on Bosniak authorship, based their arguments mainly on assumptions deriving from motifs of folk epics as well as on last traces of the existence of bosanic literacy in the 20th century.In this research four criteria are isolated for determining authorship,which relate to the influence of the usage of Arebica on bosančica: diacritical dots on letters, existence of only one grapheme for /č/ and /c/, mixture of graphemes for /u/ and /o/ and euphonious consonant groups.

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From contemporary Bosnian syntax and morphology.

Iz morfologije i sintakse savremenog bosanskog jezika

Author(s): Halid Bulić / Language(s): Bosnian

Keywords: Bosnian language; syntax; morphology;

The papers published in this book deal with various issues in contemporary Bosnian syntax and morphology. The paper Types of Nominal Complements of the Verb in Bosnian defines a complement as a clause element and provides a categorization of nominal complements of the Verb in Bosnian The Introduction presents the term complement as it is presented in Bosnian, Croatian and Serbian grammar books After the presentation of different linguistic approaches to the term, the author decides to take the approach offered by the German linguist Ulrich Engel According to his definition, complements are clause elements typical for the Verb subclass, which cannot be used with just any verb, and obligatory elements necessary for grammaticality of the clause Using this definition in this study, we have found out that nominal complements can form three types of relations with the Verb They can be the Subject, the Predicative Nominal or the Object The Subject is a nominal or nominalized word in the Nominative case which is not a part of the Predicate It has a person and number concord with the Predicate Hence, the Subject and the Predicate influence one another and this property makes it different from all other complements The Predicative Nominal is different from the Subject and the Object in the fact that it complements the verb and functions as a part of the Predicate Predicatives are found in different forms in Bosnian: nominal and adjectival in the Nominative and the Instrumental case, numerals, congruent phrases in the form of prepositionless Genitive, Nouns in the oblique case with a preposition which attribute a property to the Subject, the structures with kao or structures with a Finite Verb form, za+Accusative and za+Infinitive structures, prepositions, the Infinitive and the Vocative. This is the first paper which mentions the possibility of having a Vocative in Predicative function (which is not in oral poetic tradition and used differently than in oral tradition), and that the Vocative is a part of the sentence structure Some words in Bosnian can be used only predicatively. In some papers they are called copular particles We believe that these words are either Adjectives or Adverbs Not all the above listed forms which can be used predicatively can be regarded as Predicative Nominals We believe that Predicative Nominals include only nominal predicative complements,which can be in the Nominative, the Instrumental, the Vocative case or the Accusative with the preposition za and the structures with kao.

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Contacts and Confrontations III : Sidran, Ljubović, Cvijetić, Ćatić, Kulenović, Ćopić, Ibrišimović-Šabić, Fetahagić, Veličković, Čehov, Solženjicin, Selimović, Dostojevski, Bahtin

Doticaji i suočenja III : Sidran, Ljubović, Cvijetić, Ćatić, Kulenović, Ćopić, Ibrišimović-Šabić, Fetahagić, Veličković, Čehov, Solženjicin, Selimović, Dostojevski, Bahtin

Author(s): Nazif Kusturica / Language(s): Bosnian

Keywords: Bosnian literature; Abdulah Sidran; Ibrahim Ljubović; Ljubomir Cvijetić; Musa Ćazim Ćatić; Skender Kulenović; Branko; Ćopić, Nedžad Ibrišimović; Sead Fetahagić; Nenad Veličković; Chekhov; Solzhenitsyn; Meša Selimović; Dostoevsky; Bakhtin;

The diversity of the texts and topics of this book of essays, third in a row,titled Doticaji i suočenja III (the first one – Doticaji i suočenja – 1976, andthe second one – Doticaji i suočenja – 2002) comes out from the fact that those texts were emerging, were written and published in the Bosnian-and-Herzegovinian periodicals over the time period of several years and they represent a result of both the author’s literary-critical and literary-theoretical research and even intimate reading, as well as of a fascination with some writers and artists, or with their individual accomplishments.The first part of the book consists of the essays on individual pieces of artistic work, which according to the author, must not be neglected or left out concerning the critical reception. Among others, it deals with the novels of Sead Fetahagic Jednog dana jedna žena negdje (2001, and the 2ndedition 2003) and of Nenad Velickovic Otac moje kćeri (2000), which are combined, maybe, with a syntagma of the “war writing”. In the first part of the book the place also belongs to the texts written on the occasion of marking two important anniversaries – one of them dedicated to the hundredth anniversary of Chekov’s death, and the secondone written on the occasion of the death of the Russian Nobel Prize winner A. I. Solzenjicin.There are also the texts on Bosnian-and Herzegovinian poet writers,that is, on some of their poems. The essay Intepretativni zahvat u nizu Skenderovih soneta – ekfrazisa dedicated to the following Skender Kulenovic’s sonnets: Tarih za Karadjozbegovu džamiju, Tarih (II) za Stari most,Ničija već moja, with the topic on Mestrovic’s monument to Njegoš with a subtitle Tarih; two sonnets related to buildings (Sahat kula – and Tvrđava)and one sonnet, which takes a sculpture for its object of artistic reflections (Vaze). Dvije pjesme Muse Ćazima Ćatića is a text about two excellent works of this Bosnian and Herzegovinin a writer, about the pomes Reminiscenca and Teubi-Nesuh, whereas the theory of ecphrasis is used as a basis for interpretation of Abulah Sidran’s verses (the poem Hrast i knjiga – u ateljeu Ibrahim Ljubovića from Sarajevske zbirke, dedicated to painter Ibrahim Ljubovic and his canvases (the essay titled Iz slike u stih).

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Poetic discourse in Bosniak novel

Poetski diskurs u bošnjačkom romanu

Author(s): Dijana Hadžizukić / Language(s): Bosnian

Keywords: Bosniak literature; Hamza Humo; Ćamil Sijarić; Meša Selimović; Nedžad Ibrišimović; Jasmina Musabegović; Bisera Alikadić; Skender Kulenović; Tvrtko Kulenović; Irfan Horozović;

It has been noted, in the critical literature of the Bosniac novel, that with all the common traits that it shares with the novel of European and South Slavic region, its poetics has some specific characteristics of its own, which are of differential value and are an unavoidable poetic fact Upon recognizing the accentuated poetisation in certain number of novels, the need forits further highlighting and detailed analyses has imposed itself—the analyses which would point to the features of the structure of the Bosniac novel that make it different and that affect its poetisation, producing one of the aspects of its interior history The study analytically encompasses the following novels: Grozdana’s Giggle by Hamza Humo; Konak and the Czar’s Army by Ćamil Sijarić; Dervish and the Death and The Fortress by Meša Selimović; Ugursuz and Karabeg by Nedžad Ibrišimović, The Bridge by Jasmina Musabegović, Larva by Bisera Alikadić, Groundwater by Skender Kulenović; Man’s Family by Tvrtko Kulenović; and The Imotski Kadija by Irfan Horozović Furthermore, the poetisation of the narrative discourse has been found on different structural levels of the texts, each novel having different level of poetisation, in terms of quantity and quality Observed in the broader context, poetisation is achieved through the connection of figurative with cognitive and emotional tendencies, defamiliarized chronotope,process of characterization of characters, and interior monologueas one of the key forms of narration, as well as through the emphasized rhytmisation of the prose discourse, which was all enabled with the emergence of the modern novel The novel Grozdana’s Giggle by Hamza Humois the first modern Bosniac novel, and the first one to be written in the poetized form in our literature It appeared in 1927, during the period of European avangard and lyricism revolution; so, the influence of the modern techniques of novel writing as well as of the prevailing lyricism in the literary trends of the period in question, greatly affected its structure On the other hand, Humo’s background which was one of extremely rich mixture of cultural and civilizational heritage that he assimilated and creatively upgraded,would, even after the retreat of the avangard poetics from the literary scene, continue to affect our novels, written in the second half of the twentieth century.

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Contrastive analysis of the Bosnian, Croatian and Serbian languages in the laws of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina

Kontrastivna analiza bosanskog, hrvatskog i srpskog jezika u zakonima Federacije Bosne i Hercegovine

Author(s): Emira Mešanović-Meša / Language(s): Bosnian

Keywords: Bosnian language; Serbian Language; Croatian language; Bosnia and Herzegovina; contrastive analysis; language of the law;

The breakup of the state of Yugoslavia in the 90s of the 20th century caused the split of the previously common standard Serbo-Croatian or Croatian--Serbian language, and therefore four language standards came into existence: the Bosnian language, the Croatian language, the Serbian language and the Montenegrin language Unlike the neighboring countries, where the official language was declared based on the majority ethnic group, in multiethnic Bosnia and Herzegovina each ethnic community accepted its national language standard Hence, official documentation in the Federation of BiH is published in three versions: the Bosnian, Croatian and Serbian languages. The subject matter of this paper is a contrastive analysis of the Bosnian,Croatian and Serbian languages in the laws of the Federation of BiH The tasks of the paper are to sort out the language differences by the grammatical levels and the lexical aspect as well, and also to determine their congruence with the codification norms of the given languages The objective of the paper is to clarify the materialization of three-language standardness in the official usage. At the phonetic level the differences have been noticed in the vowel alternations a/o, a/u, a/e, unstable a, movable (facultative) vowels, ablaut of vowels, reflex of yat, jotovanje, reduction of consonants, merging of consonants, other alternations (adaptation of some sounds in words of foreign origin – from Greek, Latin, French) and sound h The largest number of differences at the morphological level appears in the category of nouns,which is expected, because the administrative style at the grammar level is a nominal one The differences have been made in the gender of nouns,in the usage of the insertion -ov-/-ev- in plural of the noun put (road), and the biggest differences are in the formation of substantives In the category of adjectives all differences refer to their formation, and the most frequent incongruity is in the usage of adjectivized participles ending with-iran, -ovan and -isan, and adjectives ending with -ioni and -ijski Since the administrative style is not characterized with pronouns, there is a small number of pronouns in such sources, among which the different usage of the following is in the foreground: ko and tko (who), particle -zi- in the possessive pronoun njen/njezin (her), shorter or longer form kog(a)/kojeg (whom) Just like with nouns and adjectives, the differences with verbs are associated with the endings -irati, -ovati and -isati, then to the formation of the past participle with the endings -t or -n, for instance izdat/izdan (issued). The endings of adverbs -no, -ice, -ačno, -ce appear as a distinctive feature in the sources At the syntactic level the differences in texts happen with regard to the word order, the usage of infinitive or construction da +present, nominal predicate, conjunctions and adverbial expressions.

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An incongruous attributive in the scientific and administrative style of the Bosnian language

Nekongruentni atribut u naučnom i administrativnom stilu bosanskoga jezika

Author(s): Mirela Omerović / Language(s): Bosnian

Keywords: Bosnian language; syntax; sematics; scientific writing style; administrative writing style;

The incongruous attributive is an independent sentence element which stands inside the incongruous substantive phrase in the relation of government (managing) or in the relation of joining and that is its main difference from the congruous attributive, which stands in the relation of agreement towards its governing element It represents a syntactic category which is specific by its morpho-syntactic and semantic characteristics and the substantive, adverbial and verbal (infinitive) categories of words can take that role The substantive category of words with the attributive function makes the majority of the examples taken from the corpus (even 98%), while the adverbial category of words (adverbs – 0,95% and numbers 1%) and the verbal category (infinitive – 0,05%) rarely appear with this function. The most common type of the incongruous attributive is the non-prepositional and prepositional genitive (62%), then the locative (15% of the examples),which is mostly accomplished with a prepositional function, just like the accusative (12,5% of the examples) The instrumental (5,5% of the examples) and the dative (3% of the examples) attributives are very rare. The topic of this paper has been the syntactic and semantic analyses of the incongruous substantive phrases in the modern Bosnian language in the scientific and administrative styles and the purposes of this paper are to determine the semantic types of the incongruous attributives in the mentioned corpus according to their morpho-syntactic characteristics, to give a review of the distribution of these structures and determine the frequency of uses of certain types in the scientific and administrative styles in the Bosnian language The semantic types of the identified attributives have the following meanings: the objective and the a gentive meaning, the explicit meaning, the meaning of a possessor of some characteristic Then,there are possessive and qualitative meanings, the partitive meaning, the appropriated meaning, the ablative meaning, the comparative meaning, the meaning of a material content, the meanings of place, time, means, cause,purpose, the instrumental, accompanying-consequential, presenting and agentive-social meanings, the meaning of a criterion, directive meanings,the meaning of taking a relation, the meaning of a receiver, quantitative and quantitative-qualitative meanings.

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Approaching language

Približavanje jeziku ili približavanje jezika

Author(s): Josip Baotić / Language(s): Bosnian

Keywords: Bosnian language; Croatian-Serbian language; idioms; dialect; subdialect;

The book Approaching Language is a selection of articles or parts of articles of the author written during his research and teaching work, and in which,sometimes in a great amount, was reported something new, unknown in the Bosnian-Herzegovinian linguistic science until they appeared, whether we consider language as a structural creation, or if we consider it as a social phenomenon.The introductory text – the interview, In the Defense of the Scientific Approach to Language problems, which gives an insight to the author’s relation toward the facts and questions which he clarifies, is first followed by the articles in which the language structure is explained, in the basis of the organic idioms of the štokavian dialect, but of the standard Croatian-Serbian language as well, its nature and norm before the dissolution on separate standard languages: Bosnian, Montenegrian, Croatian and Serbian,then by the texts with theoretical characteristics, dedicated to the questions of language planning and functioning of the standard language in nationally non-homogeneous communities.The problems of organic idioms are very present in this book. Seven works are dedicated to this issue, five of which are related to the most archaicorganic idiom in Bosnia and Herzegovina – the subdialect of the natives in Bosnian Posavina. The first of them, A Contribution to the Problems of the Posavian Ikavian Dialect in Bosnian Posavina, is important because it completed the gap that remained after the monograph of S. Ivić Today’s Posavian Subdialect.This article precisely determines where the southern border of that subdialectin Bosnia and Herzegovina is, and all the villages with the Croatian population that belong to that subdialect are enumerated. The second paper The Syntax of Case in the Subdialect of the Natives in Bosnian Posavina,is the first work describing our dialects that gives a full description of the syntax of case, as a system of constructions used in one subdialect to state all the case meanings.The third work, The Acute Accent in the Subdialect of the Natives in Bosnian Posavina, is a part of the author’s MA paper The Accent System of Village Kostrča in Bosnian Posavina (Bosnian-Herzegovinian Dialectology Anthology II, 159–234). In this article there is a review of the distribution of the acute accent and the author highlighted the grammatical categories in which S. Ivić in his work A Contribution to the Slavic Accent gave arguments for the presence of the acute, and he also mentioned the categories which hadn’t been explained before. The work Orientalisms in the Subdialect of the Natives in Bosnian Posavina is the introductory fraction of the dictionary with the same title. As an introductory text, it talks about the adaptation of the orientalisms in this subdialect, and it is included to complete the totality about this organic idiom, together with the paper About the Subdialect of the Natives of Bosnian Posavina.

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Bosnian-Slovenian Dictionary

Bosansko-slovenski rječnik = Bosansko-slovenski slovar

Author(s): / Language(s): Bosnian,Slovenian

Keywords: Bosnian language; Slovenian language; dictionary;

Bosnian-Slovenian dictionary

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Bosniak oral lyrical poetry: cultural-historical frameworks of the genesis and poetic classifications

Bošnjačka usmena lirika: kulturnohistorijski okviri geneze i poetička obilježja

Author(s): Nirha Efendić / Language(s): Bosnian

Keywords: oral lyrical poetry; Bosnian language; Montenegrin language; Croatian language; Serbian language;

Owing to the fact that there are thousands of written, audio and video recordings of oral lyrical poetry of South Slavic peoples – Bosniaks, Montenegrins,Croats and Serbs – whose connection on lingual and literary levels are undeniable, it was possible to approach the task of a comprehensive theoretical classification of Bosniak oral lyrical poetry in its various forms of expression The life in a relatively small area in the southeastern Balkans where these peoples have lived with or along each other over ,many centuries– regardless of the shifting borders that divided them in some periods or different state and political frameworks in which they lived and acted,sometimes even as military opponents – led to diverse and vibrant everyday encounters which had a significant impact on shapes of folkloric melodic and poetic creations whose theoretical classification is the subject of this book The issues of the common and shared aspects in South Slavic poetry,i e poetic and differential features, have not been given the deserved attention in the existing works dedicated to these topics The common features at the thematic and motif level in oral literature are visible and have been observed to some extent in terms of literature history in works of the authors who studied the poetic heritage over past several decades. However, we lack approaches which would, in a comprehensive manner,classify certain lyrical occurrences, whereby we must note that – when it comes to Bosniak oral lyrical poetry – a lot has been achieved in theoretical classification of sevdalinka love song, and as of lately lullabies too There is a unanimous opinion in the relatively rich literature on sevdalinka that local features make out the difference between sevdalinka songs and lyricallove songs of the neighboring traditions In order to fully understand this, we must focus our attention on the fact that local features, i e the way in which the poet’s reality is described in the oral poem, also represent the differential feature of ”transitional forms” of ballads and romances, which has been explained comprehensively in the existing literature,

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Novelistic and humorous short story in Bosniak oral prose

Novelistička i šaljiva priča u bošnjačkoj usmenoj prozi

Author(s): Amira Dervišević / Language(s): Bosnian

Keywords: Bosnian literature; short story; humorous literature;

According to the materials found so far and available documents, it seems that the oldest samples of Bosniak short and humorous stories were recorded by means of Turkish language, done by hand of a Sarajevo chronicler, Mula Mustafa Bašeskija, and they go as far as the middle of the 18th century.From then until nowadays, the stories have been collected, recorded,and published occasionally. The first scripts of oral prose were mainly the result of some individual engagement, however, they had not been recorded in a professional and planned way until 1960s, under the auspices of the Ethnographic Department of the National Museum in Sarajevo, and the Institute for research of folklore in Sarajevo. The oral stories of Bosniaks are characterized by a thematic and motif variety as well as by a constant topic pattern. Didactical and entertaining modes were frequently formed and interwoven harmoniously, so that they make these stories didactical and amusing at the same time. The topic patterns owe their vitality to independent solutions of talented transferors of oral tradition, who – acting in accordance with the strict requirements of the genre – could express themselves at the level of language primarily. Similarly to other traditions, Bosniak short stories and humorous ones as well, have the features of the environment that created them. Comparing the most successful samples of stories recorded in Bosniak community poetically speaking to those in the neighbouring regions, as well to some oral-prose tradition in some distant places, one can find out that there is a similarity in narration, but also that the topic pattern differ mainly due to regional traits as well as independent solutions of the female and male narrators created during the very process of telling a story to their audience.

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Contacts and Confrontations I: Lermontov, Gorki, Bely, Sholokhov, Pasternak, Leonov, Kazakov, Voronsky, Lukács, Stojnić,Dąbrowska, Hłasko, Andrić, SIjarić, Cvijetić, Ramić

Doticaji i suočenja I : Ljermontov, Gorki, Beli, Šolohov, Pasternak, Leonov, Kazakov, Voronski, Lukač, Stojnić, Dombrovska, Hlasko, Andrić, Sijarić, Cvijetić, Ramić

Author(s): Nazif Kusturica / Language(s): Bosnian

Keywords: Bosnian literature; Russian literature; Maksim Gorky; Lermontov; Andrei Bely; Sholokhov; Voronsky; Lukacs; Dabrowska; Hlasko; Andrić; Sijarić; Cvijetić; Ramić;

The first edition of this book under the title Contacts and Confrontations (originally Doticaji i sučenja) was published in the year 1976 by Svjetlost publishing house in Sarajevo. The largest number of the essays included in this selection, which are the result of the author’s research in literary criticism, as well as repercussions of his personal reading, have been written and published in Bosnian-Herzegovinian periodicals Izraz, Život, and Odjek One portion of the texts represents published prefaces and epilogues which have been written as accompaniment to the author’s books Numerous texts dedicated to Maksim Gorky have been the result of the author’s engagement in this Russian writer’s opus during his doctoral studies, as well as his engagement in thea esthetics and poetics of Gorky within the time of Gorky’s laudation, and contestation alike. In the second edition of Contacts and Confrontations I, which serves as the first part of the author’s critically essayistic trilogy, the texts have, within significant interventions, been left as whey were originally. The first part of the book Contacts and Confrontations I has been dedicated to Russian authors; more specifically, to the Russian literature do-main as the fundamental subject of study, which the author had been re-searching at the time of his career as a university professor. The text on Lermontov’s A Hero of Our Time, for example, has been written to serve as preface to the author’s own translation of this perhaps most prestigious of Lermontov’s works; prestigious that is to say, not only considering that the main character of the novel can be recognised as thes ummary of Lermontov’s lyrical subjects throughout his poetic opus with a strong bond to the author’s own self, but also considering the significance and meaning which this novel had for the evolution of the Russian prose in the 19th century. The following four essays dedicated to the person and opus of Maksim Gorky represent, to a degree, a concise study on this Russian classic at the brink of the 20th century: Facing Gorky Again, The Manifold Oeuvre, The Subject and Its Style in Gorky’s Opus, and Chekhov – Gorky: The Dramaturgical Counterpoint The study in question offers, throughout approximately forty pages, a versatile evaluation of Gorky’s opus, and the explanation of the place this Russian author holds in relation to the traditional Russian literature, as well as in relation to the changes the literature of the 20thcentury had brought within the specific historical, social, and ideological context Consequently, this work would later provoke various controversies, outlooks, as well as evaluations of Gorky’s opus.

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Accentuation in modern Bosnian language

Akcenat u standardnom bosanskom jeziku

Author(s): Elmedina Alić / Language(s): Bosnian

Keywords: Bosnian language; accentuation; prosodic alternation;

The accentuation norm of the Bosnian language has not been systematised or laid out in one body of work to this day. On the other hand, the standard Bosnian language is characterised by numerous accentual alterations which have not been the focus of academic research until now, leaving us with practically no estimate on the number of variant forms which are frequent in spoken Bosnian and inversely - variant forms that only exist in literary Bosnian.These two facts have been the primary points which determined the objective of this research – to first of all systematise the accentuation norm of the Bosnian language, that is to describe in brief the main accentual types of all types of words, abiding by a singular accentuation typology, as well as to examine the frequency of accentual alternations which are found in normative manuals of the standard Bosnian language.The method of excerption was applied on professional and scientific literature (grammar books and dictionaries). Research using questionnaires and surveys was conducted in primary and secondary schools in Travnik and Sarajevo. The gathered data was analysed statistically and commented on thus enabling us to determine which accentual alteration was more frequent.The accentual alterations found in the standard Bosnian language were sorted according the parts of speech : nouns, pronouns, adjectives, numbers, verbs and invariant parts of speech.The research complied with the accentual typology that divides all types of words in the following two categories:1. Immutable accentual type – which categorises words that have the same, unchanged accent in all forms and all the words of this type were sorted into four subgroups that are characterised by: a) circumflex, b) grave, c) double grave, d) acute accent.2. Mutable accentual type – which categorises mutable words the mutability of which can be in form of: a) a change in tone, b) a change in length, c) a change in the place of the accentuation.Based on the overview of accentual types it is apparent that in the whole corpus of the Bosnian language there is a significantly larger number of words of the immutable accentual type.

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Mining terminology in Vareš

Rudarska terminologija u Varešu

Author(s): Jasminka Ibrišimović / Language(s): Bosnian

Keywords: Vareš; Bosnian language; mining terminology;

Vareš is a small town near Sarajevo, a synonym for a mining town and a hard way to make one’s living. I started the collection and lexicographic processing of mining terminology from the Vareš region with the goal to„save“ from oblivion the phrases which are going out of use, since mining production in Vareš has stopped entirely.The introductory part of the paper is concerned with the relation be-tween lexis and terminology, with the historical background of mining in Bosnia and Herzegovina and Vareš, as well as the influence of the Saxon miners on mining in Vareš. That part of the paper traces the evolution of mining and with it the evolution of mining phrases, during a specific time period. The main part deals with the influence of ijekavskošćakavski dialect (Eastern Bosnian dialect) on the speech of Vareš miners. The descrip-tions are given of specific aspects of mining terminology at the phonetical-phonological, morphological and lexical levels; there were no significant discrepancies observed at the syntactic level.At the phonetical-phonological level there is an observed tendency to reduce two affricate pairs to jus tone, as well as hyperjekavisation, and tendencies contrary to hyperjekavisation, reduction of consonant clusters, assimilation of vocals, omission of assibilation, etc. At the morphological level,most distinctive qualities werefound in nouns; there were no significant peculiarities to be found in adjectives, verbs and other parts of speech. At the lexical level, a great number of synonyms were found among the collected phrases. The evolution of the mining terminology can best be traced precisely at the lexical level. Certain old phrases are also being used with new meanings.A separate part of the paper is a dictionary with 945 entries. All of them have been thematically classified. Based on research, it was concluded that there is a relatively small number of phrases relating exclusively to mining among the phrases described, and that there are many more generally used phrases and phrases which are used both in mining and other economic activities.

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Folk Wisdoms: from Derventa and its surrounding

Narodne umotvorine: iz Dervente i okolice

Author(s): Smajl O. Bradarić / Language(s): Bosnian

Keywords: folk literature; Bosnian literature; Maglaj; lyric-narrative songs;

Over the past 130 years, the National Museum of Bosnia and Herzegovina has become a rich treasury of the cultural and historical heritage of the peoples of Bosnia and Herzegovina. This unique resource allows for a scholarly approach to studying different subjects including aspects of the preserved spiritual heritage. The collection entitled Narodne umotovorine (Folk Wisdom), along with its accompanying introductory paper, has the goal to bring a valuable manuscript of folk poems and songs kept at the Folklore Archives of the National Museum closer to the audience. This manuscript, created by Smajl O. Bradarić (1914-1993), a religion teacher from Maglaj, over the course of ten years of his collecting efforts and containing over one thousand oral lyric works, arrived to the National Museum in the middle of the 20th century. Exactly this period – from the1950s through 1980s – was the period of the greatest abundance of ethno-folkloristic contributions since the Museum was established until today.The manuscript collection created by Bradarić represents the folklore life as it was in the period between 1938 and 1948 in the area of Bosanski Novi, Derventa and Malglaj, as well as along the roads connecting these towns in northern Bosnia. This manuscript portrays the life of people de-scribed through different forms of lyric expression – and although most songs were told by elderly women and a few older community leaders who lived in the area and in the period of collection – it also contains several songs which came to the author through his students, who collected them from different people, often the younger ones. Bradarić’s collection also contains the entire songbook collected by Mihajlo Prosenik, Orthodox Christian church official, who collected it from his closest family members, with whom Bradarić collaborated. It also contains songs recorded in Maglaj, Žepče as well as parts of Central Bosnia, told by – as he puts it –Muslims and Bosnian Catholics, today ethnically labeled as Bosniaks and Croats. As such, this unique collection represents a valuable “treasure chest of the folk’s soul”. It is in fact an example of a folklore idyll collected from persons of different age, sex and religion who Bradarić met, and who were willing to share their songs with him.

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Derviš Sušić's dramatic work

Dramski opus Derviša Sušića

Author(s): Amra KOZLICA / Language(s): Bosnian

Keywords: Derviš Sušić; Bosnian literature; Slavic literature;

Dervis Susic begins with his literary work in the post-war and ideologically burdened period, which was completely characterized by cultural formal-ism and accurately defined horizon of expectations of the ruling communist system.Thus, everything that is literary produced, but was outside of the imposed and firmly set patterns, was not considered as “a successful” literature, because it did not meet the horizon of expectations and was considered as a sporadic literary phenomenon. Because of this, all the literature outside the solid and firmly set standards was at the level of outsider’s at-tempts of rebellion against the imperatives of sociorealistic poetics.With the establishment of the new communist country, the internal need for a completely new kind of arts and cultural life has occurred, which will not be reserved only for the social elite, but will be ideological opiate of the broad masses. Because of these basic settings of the new literary poetics, apparently it was necessary for the complete simplification of literature to the level of entirely realistic, narrative simplified literature whose basic structural principle was based on the chronological succession of images.Literature had only one, and explicitly clear goal, and that is the agitation through utilitarian-didactically simple and easy acceptable literary forms. In this period of cultural imperatives at the level of an ideological worldview emerges also a writer, Dervis Susic, who since his partisan days has the need to act “positively and socially useful” through the overwhelming desire of the collective consciousness that people have to be taught, to have literacy knowledge and as well for the people to be guided at the ideological right path. Thus, his first literary works were created by desire that his art, above all would be socially useful and used in educational purpose.By this (the partisan favorite genre) memoirs were created, which are not by anything aesthetically different from the same mass literature in time they occur. But what must be pointed out is the fact that after these first‘socially’ useful literary attempts, the process of Susic’s literary adulthood has completed, when he breaks the shackles of firmly set aesthetic but also ethical patterns and transcends the stereotype of sociorealistic utopian ideology in literature and his work and certainly brings his greatest romanesque weapon, and that is satirical introspection which has primarily given birth to his famous hero – Danilo Liscic.

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Towards the Cultural Bosnistics: (Literary-theoretica and Literary-historical topics)

Studije iz kulturalne bosnistike: (književnoteorijske i književnohistorijske teme)

Author(s): Sanjin Kodrić / Language(s): Bosnian

Keywords: Bosnian-Herzegovinian literature; Bosnistics; Cultural Bosnistics;

This book has been the result of my two central, concurrent and continuous interests – the interest for concrete literary-historical issues from the history of the Bosniak literature, as well as the literature(s) of Bosnia and Herzegovina, on one hand, whereas, on the other one, the interest related to issues of literary and cultural theories, primarily the issues about the theory of the history of literature It deals, therefore, with the issues I find inextricably connected in the approach I happen to propose, promote and practice Even when I am dealing with the research of literary-historical nature, I am inclined to treat them with that kind of literary theoretical awareness, particularly in the context of examining the possibilities of applying diverse literary theoretical concepts in the process of studying the Bosniak and the literature(s) of Bosnia and Herzegovina At the same time,these two interests of mine and the related issues I have duly considered and deliberated upon in this book merge somehow in the question: What is Bosnistics? and, especially, in the question: What is Cultural Bosnistics? or, rather, what that cultural Bosnistics ought to be? As it seems in the case of Bosnia and Herzegovina itself, the literary production in Bosnia and Herzegovina is a rather complex and complicated phenomenon Having been observed as a whole and in its historical continuation, it has not come, above all, into existence within a single people or nation, or one ethno-national community, for that matter, especially if such a phenomenon is to be perceived with the awareness about the realistic nature of complex processes of ethnic and nation-state identifications which had been taking place with such an intensity in Bosnia and Herzegovina from mid-19th century until nowadays Thanks to them, the former relatively homogeneous existence of Bosnian people developed, in the course of time, into three distinctly separate, yet intertwined, ethno-national communities, primarily alongside their previous religious or confessional identifications and ties of a kind in a wider South Slavic context. This distinctive ethno-national situation in Bosnia and Herzegovina in the period between the emergence of the New Age and our contemporary times, one should add, as the given fact, involves also the existence of other ethnicities in Bosnia and Herzegovina Some of them have also managed to develop their own literary traditions, and alongside other minority communities in the country, one of the best known among them has included the Jews in Bosnia and Herzegovina and their own literary tradition(s) .In this way, one must take, in this sense, as the reality of having a number of parallel literary practices of, at least, three, or mainly four clearly recognisable and comprehensive ethno-national communities in Bosnia and Herzegovina All this must be considered with the full awareness about the wider framework of Bosnia and Herzegovina, and, consequently, when taken all together, it can be of help in order to understand the literature in Bosnia and Herzegovina in its overall complexity, primarily in the cultural sense.

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Language of the Bosnian-Herzegovinian legislation

Jezik u bosanskohercegovačkom zakonodavstvu

Author(s): Emira Mešanović-Meša / Language(s): Bosnian

Keywords: Bosnian language; legislation; lexeme; morphology;

Bosnia and Herzegovina is one of the countries that officially use more than one language, and therefore, as many as three languages have been declared official – Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian. These languages are so related and similar to one another that communication among their users goes on quite smoothly, but for the official purposes, numerous documents undergo the process of adaptation to each of these three languages . Thus,legislative and legal documents are published, i.e. laws, decrees, resolutions, rules, regulations, statutes, etc., and each of these documents has three language versions: Bosnian, Croatian, and Serbian. The subject of this study is a linguistic analysis of legislative and legal documents in Bosnia and Herzegovina and it identifies phonetic, morphological, syntactic, and lexical features of these texts, compared to the standard language norms of the Bosnian, Croatian and Serbian language. At the phonetic level, we ob-served the following phenomena: the alternation of vowels a/o, a/u, a/e, o/u,and fleeting a, ablaut, reflex of jat, jotations, reduction of consonants, consonant ellision and other alternations (the adaptation of sounds in words of foreign origin), the phoeneme h, umlaut and vowel shift. Since nouns dominate in these texts (the administrative style is nominal by its grammatical nature), they deserve the most attention on the morphological and formational level, followed by adjectives, pronouns, numbers, verbs, adverbs, and particles. At the level of the syntactic analysis, the competition between the infinitive complement and the present complement with the conjunction da in a complex verbal predicate has emerged as an interesting phenomenon, in addition to the well-known competing of the congruent and the in-congruent attribute, as well as the prepositionless genitive and the accusative with a preposition in the form of an incongruent attribute with certain lexemes. The use of temporal and causal adverbs characterized the analysis of adverbials. After having done the phonetic, morphological, and syntactic analysis, the isolated linguistic phenomena were harmonized with all three norms, but also with each language separately. Most norm violations were detected in the texts in the Croatian language, whereas in the texts in the Bosnian and the Serbian language, we observed some phenomena that are designated as specific features of texts in these languages. Finally, the use of certain lexemes related to the legal profession was observed within the lexical analysis. Results of this study indicate that, although it contradicts the normative principles of a language, we find the examples of equal use of both forms (structures) or equal use of both lexemes, whereas, on the other hand, differences between the language norms are made even in places where there is no normative justification for that. Therefore, it was pointed out how this way of adapting the documents to three language standards does not provide a true picture of the language features and norms, and the differences between texts and languages become artificial and unnecessary.

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Chekhov in Sarajevo: The Works of Anton Pavlovich Chekhov in Sarajevan Theatre in Light of Bosnian-Herzegovinian Literary and Theatre Critique

Čehov u Sarajevu: djela Antona Pavloviča Čehova na sarajevskoj sceni u svjetlu bosanskohercegovačke književne i pozorišne kritike

Author(s): Adijata Ibrišimović Šabić / Language(s): Bosnian

Keywords: Anton Pavlovich Chekhov; theatre; Bosnia and Herzegovina;

The book under the title Chekhov in Sarajevo: The Works of Anton Pavlovich Chekhov in Sarajevan Theatre in Light of Bosnian-Herzegovinian Literary and Theatre Critique offers a systematization and analysis of BH critical thought concerning this classical Russian author, whose works were performed at professional Sarajevan theatres over the course of almost a century In that sense, the book in question represents, to a degree, a syn-thesis and analysis of the reception of Chekhov’s opus in predominantly Bosnian-Herzegovinian literary critique, and moderately within BH theatre critique, which together point to the quantity and quality of Chekhov’s presence on Sarajevan stagesThe book features a scale of development of BH critique, as well as changes in reception within the historical timeline of staging theatre plays;this is why a special emphasis is made on Chekhov’s main dramas, which enjoyed a broader, stronger, and longer critical reception Other than the most prominent names of BH literary and theatre thought (Nazif Kusturica, Josip Lešić, Zdenko Lešić, Luka Pavlović, Tvrtko Kulenović, DževadKarahasan, Čedo Kisić, Gradimir Gojer, Ljubica Ostojić, Almir Bašović,and others) and relevant texts dedicated to the researched subject, the book also references anonymous articles concerning the topic, which were avail-able at the time of writing. One of the chapters is dedicated to the dramatization of Chekhov’s short stories The Witch and Ward No. 6, which appeared only within the first artistic season at the Sarajevo National Theatre in 1921; this means that the potential which Chekhov’s short stories had for theatre (and which were described as “short dramatic scenes” by BH critic Nazif Kusturica)remained mostly unrealised This chapter covers the general issue of theatre adaptation process for classic Russian prose in light of contemporary cognition, which identifies how the strategy of reading, especially theatre reading, is in fact a creative process in and of itself, the logic of which de-pends on various components which accommodate “the event of meeting”between the text and the reader.

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