Publisher: Srpsko narodno vijeće, Arhiv Srba u Hrvatskoj

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Petrova gora: role and importance in People's liberation war in Croatia 1941-1945

Petrova gora. Uloga i značaj u NOR-u Hrvatske 1941-1945.

Author(s): Đuro Zatezalo / Language(s): Croatian

Keywords: Petrova gora; World War II; People's liberation war; 1941-1945; Croatia;

Kordun je područje oko rijeke Korane između Male Kapele na zapadu i Petrove gore na istoku. Ime je dobio prema francuskoj riječi cordon, što znači: vrpca, sistem, niz, red, stražarnica, granica. Cijeli Kordun gravitira prema Karlovcu. Zauzima područja bivših kotareva (srezova): Vojnić, Vrginmost i Slunj. To je veliki kraški ravnjak koji se odlikuje oblicima plitkog kraša s mnogobrojnim vrtačama i uvalama. U njegovom sjevernom dijelu se nalazi Petrova gora (507 n/m). Od Karlovca je udaljena 30 kilometara, okružena cestom Vojnić-Vrginmost-Topusko-Velika Kladuša-Krstinja-Vojnić. To je bjelogoričnom šumom obrasla površina od 10728 hektara. Njenu posebnu prirodnu vrijednost čine bistri žuboreći potoci, mnogobrojne duboko uvučene livade, pašnjaci, izvori dobre pitke vode i obilje šumskog cvijeća. Na svojim brežuljcima i uvalama ona krije 1700 grobova poginulih i umrlih partizanskih boraca NOR-a i 2504 žrtve ustaškog zločina genocida, bezbroj historijskih događaja, mnogo herojskih podviga, ljudskih sudbina, crnih marama i muka čudovišnih.

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Organized forced evictions of Serbs from NDH

Organizirana prisilna iseljavanja Srba iz NDH

Author(s): Filip Škiljan / Language(s): Croatian

Keywords: Independent State of Croatia; organized evictions of Serbs from Independent State of Croatia; Independent State of Croatia;

Imperijalne težnje Trećeg Reicha i Italije bile su pokretač Drugog svjetskog rata, a ideološku orkestraciju činili su rasna teorija, »evolucijski opravdavana« borba za životni prostor i anti-boljševizam. Emocionalni naboj davali su osvetoljubivost i želja za revanšizmom prema pobjednicima iz Prvog svjetskog rata te tradicionalni kršćanski antisemitizam. Europa se politički trebala vrtiti oko osovine Berlin–Rim, a činile bi je još neutralne i profašističke države te satelitske države ograničenog suvereniteta. Pored Židova i Roma, u Europi su rasno inferiornima smatrani i Slaveni općenito, posebno Česi, Poljaci, Rusi i Slovenci jer su ujedno bili i smetnja realizaciji njemačkog Lebensrauma. Rusi i Poljaci su tako, uz Židove, brojčano najveće žrtve nacističke projekcije Trećeg Reicha. Svima njima sudbinu je određivala nacistička genocidna ideologija superiornog arijevstva kao pogonskog goriva njemačkog imperijalističkog plana koji je u njima vidio samo biološki potencijal za ropsku eksploataciju.

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Famous Serbs in Croatia

Znameniti Srbi u Hrvatskoj

Author(s): Filip Škiljan / Language(s): Croatian

Keywords: Petar Preradović; Josif Rajačić; Milutin Milanković; Josif Runjanin; Grigor Vitez; Đuro Kurepa; Gajo Petrović; Svetozar Pribičević; Gojko Nikoliš; Vladimir Desnica; Vojin Bakić; Sava Mrkalj; Nikola Tesla;

Srbi u Hrvatskoj nisu imali prilike upoznati se sa svojim znamenitim pripadnicima, a koji su na različitim područjima – religiji, umjetnosti, nauci, književnosti i politici – zadužili ne samo narod iz kojeg su potekli, ne samo Hrvatsku iz koje su potekli u kojoj su živjeli i stvarali nego i svijet kojem su svojim djelovanjem, stvaranjem i spoznavanjem doprinosili. Oni sami po sebi zavređuju da o njima održavamo i širimo znanja. Za Srbe u Hrvatskoj oni su važna mjesta identiteta i važna uporišta za njihovu integraciju u hrvatsko društvo. Upoznavanje ne samo Srba sa znamenitim Srbima iz Hrvatske veći i cijele Hrvatske neophodna je pretpostavka i za to da imamo drugačiju Hrvatsku, otvorenu za razlike, otvorenu za svoje veličine neovisno o tome koje su etničke ili vjerske pripadnosti. Hrvatska u kojoj ne bi bilo mjesta ne samo za Preradovića, Teslu i Desnicu, nego i za Rajačića, Milankovića, Runjanina, Viteza, Petrovića, Pribićevića, Nikoliša, Bakića i Mrkalja, ne bi bila Hrvatska otvorena za svoje sugrađane srpske nacionalnosti, niti bi bila Hrvatska koja bi živjela u skladu sa bogatstvom svojeg povijesnog i sadašnjeg identiteta.

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A Letter Concerning Toleration

Pismo o toleranciji

Author(s): John Locke,Raul Raunić / Language(s): Croatian

Keywords: tolerance; liberalism;

Moralna i politička vrednota tolerancije je središnja sastavnica liberalno demokratske političke kulture. Štoviše, stupanj zastupljenost tolerantnih praksi u javnome životu pouzdani je pokazatelj liberalne i demokratske zrelosti modernih pluralnih društava. Vrlina tolerancije ima različita teorijska utemeljenja i opravdanja. Značenja pojma tolerancije kreću se u širokom luku od pukog modus vivendi u održavanju zajedničkog životu, pa do raznovrsnih i složenih oblika priznanja vrijednosnih posebnosti društvenih skupina i pojedinaca. Jednako tako i tolerantne prakse, ovisno o različitim povijesnim i socijalnim konteksti¬ma te poljima djelovanja poprimaju različite oblike. Na toleranciju se danas pozivamo u privatnim, socijalnim i političkim odnosima.

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Sick times

Bolesna vremena

Author(s): Milan Gavrović / Language(s): Croatian

Keywords: war crimes in Croatia; media and war; Croatian War of Independence; war in Yugoslavia; ethnic cleansing;

Moto za ovu knjigu preuzeo sam od »Duhovne republike Zicer«, osnovane u klubu Zicer u Novom Sadu još godine 1992. s ciljem da spriječi mobilizaciju za rat koji se vodio u Hrvatskoj. Jugoslavija je tada već bila raskomadana, bile su prekinute komunikacije između novih država, a sve informacije strogo kontrolirane i cenzurirane. Tako sam za tu »republiku«, koja je bila dio širokog antiratnog pokreta u Vojvodini, doznao tek u ljeto 2014. iz tjednika Novosti, koji je prenio dio teksta iz projeka »Living Together« (Živjeti zajedno), financiranog od Europske unije. Naravno, patetična optužba tog mota nije sasvim pravedna, točnije, ne odnosi se na sve ljude. Nasilje, zločini i laži proizveli su kolektivnu paranoju, a nacionalizam je jedan od njenih najstrašnijih oblika. Osim toga čini se kako je u prirodi čovjeka da kao normalna prihvaća pravila uspostavljena u sredini u kojoj živi, iako se ona ponekad mijenjaju nevjerojatnom brzinom. Dra-matičan primjer je njemačka zdravstvena služba koja je već na početku Hitlerove vladavine, /kao normalni dio brige o zdravlju nacije, prihvatila kastraciju svakog tko je bio proglašen psihičkim bolesnikom. Ponašanje mnogih ljudi kod nas, u proteklih četvrt stoljeća, slijedilo je isti obrazac. Ali za one koji se smatraju mislećim dijelom nacije i koji su imali prilike govoriti, gornji moto ima punu vrijednost. Nije zanemariv ni broj onih koji su toga bili svjesni, a nisu šutjeli, iako su bili izloženi raznim pritiscima i šikaniranjima. Istovremeno su vladari novih država počeli kontrolirati sve medije i javne tribine na kojima su postali dobrodošli samo zagovornici nacionalističke mržnje.

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Step to death

Korak do smrti

Author(s): Petar Drakulić / Language(s): Croatian

Keywords: war crimes; World War II;Independent State of Croatia (1941-1945); Ustaše;

Zločina i zločinaca uvijek je bilo, njih ima i danas i bit će ih sutra. To su neosporne činjenice s kojima čovjek današnjice računa kad živi i kad se priprema za budući život. U vrijeme kad smo na pragu postindustrijskog društva, kad strojevima dirigiranim sa zemlje čeprkamo po površinama dalekih nebeskih tijela, kad je čovjek uspješno koraknuo mjesečevim stijenama, kad osvajamo ono što je bilo i za maštu predaleko, na našoj planeti, tu gdje žive civilizirani narodi, prepuni su ambari opasnosti i stovarišta smrti. Čovjek očito, živeći u proturječnostima ideja i sistema, u različitim ekonomskim i društvenim uvjetima, nije siguran i mora stalno misliti otkud mu i kakva opasnost prijeti, tko će ga i kada napasti, kakve mu katastrofe sprema po svemu sličan čovjek‑brat, čovjek‑nebrat.

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War Crimes Against the Serbs in Croatia 91 — 95

Ratni zločini nad Srbima u Hrvatskoj 91 — 95

Author(s): Saša Milošević / Language(s): English,Croatian

Keywords: war crimes; Croatia; Croatian War of Independence; War Crimes Against Croatian Serbs;War Crimes Against the Serbs in Croatia 91 — 95;

Throughout the whole history of state, people and individuals were faced, to different extent, with war, destruction, violence and war crimes. The greatest difficulty after the conflicts, in addition to reconstruction of demolished houses and re-establishing relationship, was facing war crimes, in particular those committed by members of the so-called ‘Us’. This ‘patriotic narrowing of the mind’, as the philosophy professor Žarko Puhovski once said, at the time when one should confess the guilt of human also becomes a moral drama that has been haunting human kind since ever. It is related to the ontological evil as Hannah Arendt said, as well as with insisting upon ‘our truth’, which villains of modern age like to use in court rooms and claim it to the grave.

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Historic Revisionism, Hate Speech and Violence Against Serbs in 2017

Historijski revizionizam, govor mržnje i nasilje prema Srbima u 2017.

Author(s): Tamara Opačić / Language(s): English,Croatian

Keywords: historical revisionism; Hate Speech; violence against Serbs;

"A group of about three to four people in their 40s approached us. They were visibly inebriated and started swearing at 'our Chetnik mother', asking 'how come we were not ashamed to come to Zagreb'. My wife and I looked at each other and remained silent. What were we to do, we were here with small children? We waited for their rampage to end but it went on for a while and then they left with the message that they would take care of us and the children, should we ever return", Dušan Kovačević, the director of the Novi Sad music festival Exit, said during his visit to Zagreb. The incident occurred in mid-February 2017, the same month that stickers appeared on the streets of Vukovar with the invitation to hang Serbs, and that members of the extreme right party Autochthonous – Croatian Party of Rights (A-HSP) marched through the Croatian capital dressed in black. Last February will also be remembered as a month when an Ustasha graffiti appeared on the Orthodox church of Holy Trinity in Bjelovar, a protected cultural monument. Also in February, the Social Democratic Party (SDP) MP Milanka Opačić, received police protection because of the photomontage inspired by her Serb nationality, published by the portal Dnevno.hr. Dalmatia was no exception to this trend. At the end of February, organisers of a carnival in Kaštele near Split, torched before hundreds of spectators and effigy of Milorad Pupovac, the president of the Serb National Council (SNC) and of the Independent Democratic Serb Party (SDSS).

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Images of Return: Dalmatia

Slike povratka: Dalmacija

Author(s): Vaska Radulović / Language(s): English,Croatian

Keywords: Dalmatia;Croatian War of Independence;Serb refugees from Dalmatia;

Although each of these stories relates to different experiences and misfortunes, the stories of Serb refugees from Dalmatia are not very different from the destiny of the Serb population, who were forced to leave their homes during the last war. New environment and people gave them just enough to stop fearing for their lives. But as the time passed, the feeling of not belonging to the new environment would not leave them. The feeling of longing for their ancestral homes and a piece of land they could call their own with certainty kept attracting them towards a new beginning.

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Unrealized rights and failed policies 2: Representation of national minorities in the state administration and judiciary

Neostvarena prava i promašene politike 2: Zastupljenost nacionalnih manjina u državnoj upravi, pravosuđu i policiji

Author(s): Ljubomir Mikić / Language(s): English,Croatian

Keywords: national minorities; Representation of national minorities; state administration;

Relying on the fact of by law guaranteed right on proportional representation of national minorities members in public authorities that has for years presented a big problem and challenge for the Republic of Croatia, Serb National Council (SNC) published the analysis Unrealized Rights and Failed Policies: Representation of National Minorities in State Administration, Judiciary and Police in March of 2014. The analysis was based on competent authorities’ data about the representation of national minorities in stated institutions, highlighting the representation of Serbs followed and collected by SNC and the Independent Democratic Serbian Party Club in the Croatian Parliament between the middle of 2008 and the middle of 2013, respectively until the beginning of the EU membership of Republic of Croatia in July of 2013. The results of the analysis were devastating. It has been noticed that during the analysed period, despite the specific measures of the Government of Republic of Croatia, not only there was no improvement in realization of the rights, but previously achieved level of representation demonstrate tendencies of moderate to significant degradation. Former politics of the Government directed towards increasing the number of national minorities’ members in competent authorities have been rated as useless, and stated reasonable doubt they were only fulfilling the form in order to meet the criteria of the EU entry negotiations. The conclusion, among other, stated the necessity for the Government and other competent authorities to undertake decisive, comprehensive and concrete measures in collaboration and with participation of national minorities’ representatives and independent experts in the following period in order to implement the corresponding guaranteed rights.

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Historic Revisionism, Hate Speech and Violence Against Serbs in 2016

Historijski revizionizam, govor mržnje i nasilje prema Srbima u 2016.

Author(s): Tamara Opačić / Language(s): English,Croatian

Keywords: Hate Speech; historical revisionism; Hate Speech against Serbs; Violence Against Serbs;

Hate speech in right wing media, angry shouting at stadiums and hate graffiti in the streets, public gatherings of Ustasha supporters as well as discriminatory and revisionist statements by senior state officials, became a part of political reality in Croatia in 2016. What is truly wor¬rying for the security of certain individuals and groups, and especially for representatives and members of the Serb community, is that the number of verbal and physical attacks against them rose last year and that hatred against Serbs and other individuals and groups of liberal and leftist orientation became more intense.

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Tales From the Exile: More Than a Tragedy

Priče iz izbjeglištva: Više od tragedije

Author(s): Bojan Munjin / Language(s): English,Croatian

Keywords: Operation “Storm”; Serb refugees;

For years it has been emphasised that after the Operation “Storm” at the start of August 1995, some 250 000 Croatian citizens of Serb nationality were expelled from Croatia, probably in order to highlight the sheer scale of the drama of that moment and of the people who fled. Unfortunately, the number is far greater: more than 400,000 Serbs left Croatia during the 1991-1995 war that raged on the territory of this former Yugoslav Socialist Republic. In the beginning, ever since the HDZ party came to power in 1990, they had been coming in Serbia quietly ”with two suitcases and a back¬pack“. They started coming after the first layoffs, after threats below their windows and nasty looks from their neighbors, from anonymous tele¬phone calls and graffiti on the walls containing the letter “U”. It was a time of nationalist triumphalism, a time of invoking ”Croatia within its historic and ethnic borders”, a time when (the first Croatian president) Franjo Tuđman cried out a sentence that is still quoted today, that the ”NDH was also an expression of the Croatian people’s historic will”.

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Images of Return: Banija and Kordun

Slike povratka: Banija i Kordun

Author(s): Vladimir Jurišić / Language(s): English,Croatian

Keywords: Banija; Kordun;Croatian War of Independence; Serb refugees from Banija and Kordun;

A man can be deprived of his house and land, he can lose money and health and homeland, but something will always remain to provide strength and will for a new start. But take away a man’s dignity and there will appear an emptiness that nothing can assuage, and it will fill him with disappointment and anxiety. Thus he will lose the last foot¬hold from which he has drawn the strength needed to overcome all the trials and tribulations, to stay and survive.

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Hate Speech and Violence Against Serbs in 2015

Govor mržnje i nasilje prema Srbima u 2015.

Author(s): Tamara Opačić / Language(s): English,Croatian

Keywords: hate speech; hate speech against Serbs;

The year behind us was marked by an increased number of physical assaults on Serbs in Croatia, threats against them and destruction of their property. In 2015 Cyrillic script1 in Vukovar was practically abolished and we have witnessed numerous attempts to rehabilitate the Independent State of Croatia (NDH)2 as well as an increased incidence of hate speech by public figures and part of the media. For this reason 2015 will be remembered as the year in which nationalist and anti-minority atmosphere – which became more intense since Croatia’s accession to the European Union in 2013 – has reached a worrying scale.

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Not all are (were) blind

Nisu svi (bili) slijepi

Author(s): Tomislav Jakić / Language(s): Croatian

Keywords: Tomislav Jakić; journalism; journalistic ethics; fake news; professional dignity; truth; mainstream media; media freedom; the new journalism;

Knjiga kolumni Tomislava Jakića sugerira istinitost činjenice pretočene u naslov: Nisu svi (bili) slijepi. Pred onim što se dešava unaokolo po svijetu i kod kuće. Nisu slijepi ni svi oni kojima se serviraju laži i neistine pored zdravih očiju ni oni koji te laži i neistine šire – novinarski. Mnogi među “kupcima ponuđenih magli” vjerojatno i slute da su istine negdje drugdje, ali teško pronalaze dokaze za ispravnost tih svojih šutljivih slutnji. Podjednako tako nije malo ni novinara koji razumijevaju da su plaćeni da bi širili neistine, ali prodavanje duše nije više ni blizu stvar profesionalne časti kao nekada, već nova realnost u cijelom svijetu. Oni među novinarima koji ne pristaju na tu realnost i znaju što se može znati, to nastoje da artikuliraju na pošten i zanatski jasan način. Takvi, iako su daleko od većine, nisu spremni na prodaju vlastitog ljudskog i profesionalnog digniteta. Oni i dalje više vjeruju vlastitim očima, činjenicama, iskustvu i pameti nego ciljanim nalozima. Nažalost, i u nekada istinski respektabilnim medijima na cijeloj planeti sve ih je manje. Uostalom, izmanipulirane “istine” odavno nisu tek namjenska piljarska laž, već prije cilj novinarstva projektiranog interesa. [...]

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“Slavonia, three times you burned…” District Podravska Slatina in the Second World War 1941–1945

“Slavonijo, triput si gorila...” Kotar Podravska Slatina u Drugom svetskom ratu 1941–1945.

Author(s): Milan Radanović / Language(s): Serbian

Keywords: Slavonia; district Podravska Slatina; Brđanska; The Second World War; 1941-1945; ethnic groups; Serbs; Croats;

Knjiga koja je pred čitaocima obuhvata istoriju slatinske Podravine i Brđanske tokom Drugog svetskog rata. Reč je o teritoriji koje je uoči i tokom rata obuhvatalo područje kotara Podravska Slatina, a nakon rata područje istoimene općine. Granice predratnog i ratnog kotara Podravska Slatina i posleratne općine Podravska Slatina nisu u potpunosti podudarne. Kotar je obuhvatao i pojedina sela koja su nakon rata postala deo općine Orahovica, a pre rata su bila deo seoskih općina Slatinski Drenovac i Nova Bukovica u sastavu kotara Podravska Slatina (Slatinski Drenovac, Prekoračani, Pušina, Krasković, Humljani, Krajna, Četekovac, Čojlug, Mikleuš). S druge strane, nakon rata u sastav općine Podravska Slatina uvršteno je područje nekadašnje seoske općine Čađavica koja je pre rata bila u sastavu kotara Donji Miholjac (Čađavica, Čađavički Lug, Ilmin Dvor). Sva ostala naselja, njih oko 60, koja su pre i tokom rata bila u sastavu kotara, nakon rata našla su se u sastavu općine Podravska Slatina. Knjiga obuhvata događaje koji su se odigrali od 1941. do 1945. na širem području slatinske Podravine i Brđanske, uključujući ne samo delove kotara Podravska Slatina kasnije pripojene općini Orahovica i delove kotara Donji Miholjac kasnije pripojene općini Podravska Slatina, već i rubna područja kotara Virovitica, Daruvar, Našice, Donji Miholjac i Slavonska Požega koja se naslanjaju na slatinsko-voćinski kraj. [...]

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Historic Revisionism, Hate Speech and Violence Against Serbs in 2020

Historijski revizionizam, govor mržnje i nasilje prema Srbima u 2020.

Author(s): Tihomir Ponoš / Language(s): English,Croatian

Keywords: Hate Speech and Violence; Serbs as a minority in Croatia; Prohibition policies; victims of war; Cyrillic script in Vukovar; extremism; Denying national minorities' identities;

The parliamentary general election took place on the first Sunday of July. The Independent Democratic Serb Party stood candidates for the election, drawing the public's attention with its campaign, conducted under the slogan “be what you are, respect what you're not” — more specifically, with the three videos it released as part of the campaign. In the first video, waiters are setting up a restaurant terrace to host a wedding; a female waitress posts a sign at the entrance, kindly asking the arrivals not to sing Ustasha songs, as there are Serbs among the invitees. The second video, called “Pupi's to blame for everything” drew most public attention. IDSP president Milorad Pupovac is the protagonist in the self-ironic and witty video, which lays blame for absolutely everything at his feet: from the Nineties war, all the way to planning on micro-chipping the population with Bill Gates and setting up the second wave of coronavirus infections in Croatia. The third video depicts the construction of a small wooden bridge in the Banija region, which made life easier for a Serb family. The video was filmed at the location where a bridge used to exist. The motto of the video is “bridges connect people, fools destroy them — don't be a fool”.

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Historic revisionism, Hate Speech and Violence Against Serbs in 2021

Historijski revizionizam, govor mržnje i nasilje prema Srbima u 2021.

Author(s): Tihomir Ponoš,Nikola Vukobratović / Language(s): English,Croatian

Keywords: Hate speech in Croatia; Serbs in Croatia; BBB support group; Chetnik movements; Pantovčak; Revisionism; Incidents in Vukovar; verbal intimidation; Discrimination;

The Bulletin before you gives an overview of events in 2021 that were motivated by prejudice, intolerance and hatred of Serbs in Croatia. It goes beyond the framework of official statistics, making use of a series of more or less familiar events to show how society breathes, thus bearing witness to an atmosphere that is very much present, yet is not always visible in numbers, nor publicly recognised and acknowledged as problematic. In fact, things need to be told like they are — in Croatia, even today, deep into the 21st century, Serb ethnic origin is still subject to intolerance and hate. The reactions elicited by the messages, sentences, drawings and other expressions of hatred towards Serbs, that is, most often their absence, or indeed denial of the problem, are no more than burying our collective heads in the sand and downplaying the significance of such expressions. This way, the moment when new generations will be able to grow up without having to learn not to accept the other merely due to their ethnic origin, is in increasing abeyance. This is why the exceptional value of this overview lies precisely in its power to raise awareness of the problems faced by people around Croatia merely because they or their family members are, or are even just assumed to be, Serbs. Likewise, this Bulletin can serve as a kind of traffic-light warning for all those tasked with bringing about positive changes, including by all means the relevant ministries — of the Interior, Justice or Education, as well as the State Attorney's Office and judges, not omitting politicians at all levels — with clear indicators of the deviations that in a democratic society should not have the status of acceptable patterns of behaviour.

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Alternative Report on the Implementation of the ICERD in Croatia

Alternativni izvještaj o primjeni ICERD u Republici Hrvatskoj

Author(s): Ljubomir Mikić / Language(s): English,Croatian

Keywords: Alternative Report; ICERD in Croatia; hate speech and violence against Serbs; prevention and prosecution of all cases of hate crimes and other ethnically motivated violence; economic and social disparities between regions; inter-ethnic tolerance;

This alternative report has been drafted with the aim of examining the implementation of the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (ICERD) in the Republic of Croatia. It represents an alternative source of information with reference to the country report on the implementation of the Convention for the period 2007 — 2018. The substance of the report is focussed on the practical application and effects of selected provisions in the Convention with regard to Serbs, who make up the most numerous ethnic minority in the country. Serbs' position in the Croatian society is largely determined by the legacy of inter-ethnic intolerance and the armed conflict of the early 90s, due to which they have been continuously exposed to greater risk of racial discrimination in relation to other social groups. The Alternative Report comprehensively lists the weaknesses and problems in the implementation of national anti-discrimination regulations and policies. It places a special emphasis on considerations regarding adequate investigation, prosecuting and sanctioning, as well as public condemnation and prevention, of hate speech and violence against Serbs. While recognising that a certain degree of progress has been achieved during the reporting period, the Alternative Report also draws attention to the still-present problems of sustainability of the return and reintegration of Serbs who had fled, or had been displaced, their access to their rights, as well as the inconsistent and problematic process of realising certain legally guaranteed rights and freedoms. The report suggests that the Croatian authorities' public expressions of dedication to the struggle against racial discrimination need to be substantially and comprehensively reaffirmed by consistent and decisive action to implement anti-discrimination regulations and policies, which is as yet lacking, as well as prompt and unambiguous public condemnation of inter-ethnic violence and hate crime, hate speech and other manifestations of intolerance towards Serbs.

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Serbs in Cetina Krajina

Srbi u Cetinskoj krajini

Author(s): Božidar Simić,Filip Škiljan / Language(s): Croatian

Keywords: Cetinska krajina; centuries of migration; famine and climate change as causes of migration; Orthodox Church in Dalmatia; Serbs in Cetinska Krajina;

Područje Cetinske krajine obuhvaća područje nekadašnje općine Sinj i tri sela u nekadašnjoj općini Knin (Civljane, Kijevo i Cetina). Radi se o regiji koja obuhvaća gornji i srednji tok rijeke Cetine, od izvora pod Dinarom u okolici sela Cetina do njezina ulaska u kanjon ispod Trilja. Ova je regija iznimno velika i obuhvaća površinu od 1.500 kvadratnih kilometara. Nekada je područje pripadalo Cetinskoj županiji,1 koja se spominje već u desetom stoljeću, a kasnije Cetinskoj, tj. Vrličkoj krajini (16. – 18. stoljeće). Na području današnje Cetinske krajine nalaze se dva grada (Vrlika i Sinj), pet općina (Civljane, Hrvace, Otok, Trilj i Dicmo) i 74 naselja. U širem geografskom smislu ovaj teritorij pripada Dalmatinskoj zagori, koja osim Cetinske krajine obuhvaća i Kninsku krajinu, Ravne kotare, Bukovicu, Imotsku krajinu, Vrgoračku krajinu, Drnišku krajinu, Kaštelansku zagoru te zaleđe Trogira, Solina i Šibenika. Okosnicu regije čini rijeka Cetina koja objedinjava niz manjih kraških polja (Cetinsko i Paško polje, Vrličko polje, Hrvatačko polje i Sinjsko polje). Niz manjih potoka s lijeve i s desne strane osnažuju rijeku Cetinu vodom, a viša područja, koja se nalaze na planinama Dinari i Svilaji, uglavnom oskudijevaju vodom. Sa sjeveroistočne strane regija je omeđena planinom Dinarom, a s jugozapada planinom Svilajom. Vrhovi Svilaje i Dinare izdižu se 1.509, odnosno 1.913 metara nad morem. Zbog svog je položaja Cetinska krajina oduvijek bila važna prometna spona priobalja s Bosnom, odnosno s balkanskom unutrašnjošću. Također je taj kraj, preko Knina pa dolinom Une, bio prometna spona priobalja s panonskim područjem, a na jugoistok s neretvanskim krajem i Hercegovinom, odnosno Dubrovnikom. Cetinska se krajina nekada dijelila na dva dijela, na Vrličku i Sinjsku (nekada pravu Cetinsku) krajinu. Vrlička krajina obuhvaćala je planinsko područje koje se nalazi uz sam izvor rijeke Cetine te prvih nekoliko kilometara od Vrlike prema Sinju, gdje je postojalo nekoliko polja koja su potopljena akumulacijskim jezerom Peruća. Od Dabra i Maljkova pa na jugoistok i jug do Trilja i Dicma, prostirala se znatno veća, Cetinska krajina.

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