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Kur’ân’ı Anlamaya Dair

Author(s): Musa Bilgiz / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 2/2020

The Qur’an, the last link of the divine revelations, has been revealed to rescue the humanity from any kind of polytheism, blasphemy, discord and persecution. The Qur’an has presented itself to the humanity as a new civilisation thought concept. Therefore, the Qur’an desires its believers to recite, understand and embrace it as a guide for their lives. Muslims cannot perform this guidance by only pronouncing it. Muslims have to contemplate both the Qur’anic verses in their hands and the signs in the universe around them and they face every day. No doubt it is not possible for us to create the civilisation level and faithful personalities which the Qur’an desires by today’s the Qur’an teaching method. In this article, it has been tried to present both how our relationships with the Qur’an should be and the basis of change and transformation on the social meaning.

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Şîa ve Ehl-i Sünnet’e Göre İmâmet (Kummî ve İbn Kesîr Tefsirleri Çerçevesinde)

Author(s): Tehran NURİYEV / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 2/2020

The imamah is the most important subject that differentiates Shīʿa from Ahl al-Sunnah that is the other Muslim group. Shīʿa accepts the imamah as a subject of creed and defines it as a part of Uṣūl al-Dīn (Principles of Religion). According to them, there are 12 Innocent Imams/Caliphs decided by Divine Will. Ali Ibn Abū Ṭālib is the first of them and the following imams are from his lineage. Shīʿa, accepting imamah as the continuation of nubuwwa (prophethood), pays great attention to this subject and puts forward to proofs from Al-Qurʾān and al-Sunnah. However, Ahl al-Sunnah defends the idea that there is no clear proof related the appointment of the caliph in Al-Qurʾān and al- Sunnah and they denies the claims of Shīʿa. The imamah perspective of Shīʿa and Ahl al-Sunnah is analyzed in this study and some verses claimed to be related to the imamah by Shīʿa were evaluated according the tafsirs of Qummī (d. 307/919), an early notable Shīʿa mufassir and Ibn Kathīr (d. 774/1373) who is an important mufassir of Ahl al-Sunnah.

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مدينة رواية لا مدينة فقه وعمل متوارث: دراسة في أثر أنس بن مالك رضي ﻟﻠﻪ عنه الحديثي والفقهي في البصرة

Author(s): Ahmad Snober / Language(s): Arabic Issue: 2/2020

This paper describes the hadith and jurisprudence movements in the city of Basra in the second half of the first Hijri century and focuses on the effect of the great companion Anas ibn Malik in Basra. Anas was one of the most prominent companions during this period and was notable for his lengthy relationship with the Prophet (Allah bless him and give him peace). This study focuses on analyzing many narrations related to him and the scholarly relationship between him and other companions and the tabieen in Basra and other cities. Furthermore, this paper aims to show the manifestations of the strength of the hadith movement and the weakness of the jurisprudence movement and focuses on Anas' impact on his students and whether the students who graduated from his "school" were jurisprudents or hadith narrators. It also studies his relationship with the tabieen, their trips to him, and the study of the jurisprudents of the tabieen from other cities, and Anas' jurisprudential character (from Musannaf ibn abi Shaybah) etc…

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‘Bilimsel İlerlemeler Tanrı’yı Yok mu Ediyor?’ Sorusu ve Kelâmî Açıdan Değerlendirilmesi

Author(s): Murat Akın / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 2/2020

Scientific advances that took place with the Renaissance and the Enlightenment behind it, has managed to attract a lot of attention. So with this result, modern science is accepted as the most reliable source of the knowledge and is placed on a ground where it can solve any problem. It is also said that science resolve the issue about whether God exists or not. At this stage, with the contribution of ideological approaches and some groundless illogical arguments exhibited in the name of religion, science has now been turned into a sacred institution. Science, which is transformed into a sacred, has become unable to meet another sacred religion on a common ground and a wrong dichotomy has been used. Thereby the advancing science has slowly started to "destroy God". Thise understanding of science became also the biggest support for the atheists. Although this understanding of science, which has turned into a sacred, and has emerged basically against the Christian faith, it has been tried to reflect locally on all beliefs. Whereas, waiting for the science to provide data that “God will be annihilated with the advancement of science” actually it makes it necessary to be unaware of the limits of the science. The discourse that faith will disappear with the advancement of science, it does not seems an acceptable argument in terms of Islam. Because Islam dynamically appeals to the reason and presents nature as evidence of God's existence.

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Kur’an Çevirilerinde Akıbet Lâmı

Author(s): Avnullah Enes Ateş / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 1/2021

Letters, one of the types of words in the Arabic language, are used as a complementary element in the sentence. The meanings they have appear with the noun or verb they are used in. It is important which letter means what and what kind of meaning it reveals where it is used. Because the letters can have more than one meaning and this may differ depending on the verb or name used. Cer letters are also among the letters with the mentioned qualities. They carry the meanings they have to the verbs and nouns they are related to. Among these letters, which can have many different meanings, there are some letters that may pose a problem in the translation of the Quran. One of them is the letter of lam. The general usage of the letter Lâm has the meanings of assignment, specialization and talil (justification). In addition, this letter can sometimes be used to express the situation in which an action will result in the future. When the letter Lam is used in this sense, it is called the word akiba. Since the film can be perceived as talil, it can cause many incorrect translations. The situation sometimes goes as far as encountering translations that cannot be mentally explained. This translation problem, which we encounter in some Turkish translations, will be highlighted in this study and solution suggestions will be presented to the problem. After the definition and examples of the relevant letter are revealed, their use in the Qur’an will be examined within the framework of some Turkish translations. Alternative translations will be presented in order to correct the translations found to be problematic.

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Hz. İbrahim’in Subjektif Bir Dini Tecrübesi Olarak Kurban Vakası ve Toplumsallaşma Bağlamında İzahı

Author(s): Sıddık Ağçoban / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 1/2021

The objectification (socialization) processes of religions usually begin with the transfer of personal experience of the founder or prophet. Thus, personal religious experience becomes an objective world, thanks to a community of believers. However, not all religious experiences of the prophet can be objectified. The case in which Abraham attempted to sacrifice his son is one of them. In other words, this event is an individual and subjective religious experience peculiar to Abraham. Therefore, actually it cannot be expected to be socialized. But when it comes to religious personalities, society can find a way to socialize exceptional experiences. In the case of sacrifice, the community uses one of these ways. The claim of this study is this: Abraham's experience is not only a subjective case specific to him, but also an incident that has no positive counterpart in social memory in terms of its appearance. However, he is seen by believers as a hero of faith and an indisputable example, especially thanks to this experience. So, how has his extraordinary experience, seemingly pushing the boundaries of reasonableness, turned into a great reference of heroism for society?

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تخيير الطفل بين أبويه عند انتهاء الحضانة في الفقه الإسلامي

Author(s): Baha Eddin Aljasem / Language(s): Arabic Issue: 1/2021

One of the most important rights of the child organized by Islamic law is the right of custody, and the performance of this right is shared between the spouses in the event of marriage. But if the marriage ends and the family contact is dissolved, the first to take custody of the child is his mother, unless there is an emergency that her right to so is waived. If the custody period ends, the rivalry between the parents intensifies, both of which want to take the child to his side. Then who decides the fate of the child in this period and does his choice have a role in resolving the dispute. And what if he chooses him together or the child chooses someone else or refrain from the child's choice to keep the child with him. This research comes to answer these and other questions? by speaking briefly about the legality of custody and it's general principles. And then the scholar sayings that the child has the right to choose between his parents at the end of custody period, to give their evidence, to discuss them, to weigh these statements, and to make a statement that is applicable in most famous personal status laws in the Arab countries.

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Mu’tezile’nin, Kur’an-ı Kerim’in Belâgatına Yönelik Eleştirilere Verdiği Cevaplar: Kâdî Abdulcabbâr-İbnü’r-Râvendî Örneği

Author(s): Mikail İPEK / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 1/2021

Prophets are messengers in charge of communicating the orders and prohibitions they received from God. Throughout history, there are those who believe in these prophets as well as those who do not. While the thought rejecting prophethood sometimes manifested itself as a trend, sometimes it came out on a personal basis. For example, the "Berâhime", known to be of Indian origin, and the "Sümeniyya" movement, which has different rumors about its origin, can be given as examples. Again, it can be said that the current of thought emerging under the name of “Deism” serves this purpose. On the other hand, personalities such as Abu Isa al-Verrâq, Ibn al-Rawendi and Abu Bakr ar-Razi, It is known that they objected to the prophethood of the Prophet. Although Ibn al-Rawendi was a scholar of Mu'tezile at first, he later left this idea and put forward mulhidish ideas. In addition to he tried to cancel the Hz Mohammed's prophethood. While Ibn al-Rawendi was doing this, sometimes he emphasized the miracles of the Prophet and sometimes claimed that there were some deficiencies and contradictions in the rhetoric of the Quran. According to Ibn al-Rawendi, there are many contradictory information in the Quran. According to him, unnecessary repetitions, unnecessary prolongation of the word in some places and the presence of non-Arabic origin words show that the Quran is not a miracle book and cannot be described as universal. Qâdî Abdulcabbâr, one of the scholars of Mu'tezile, handled these objections with great care and answered them. The number of such discussions in Kalam sources is quite high.

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Arap Gramerinde Ümmü’l-Bâb Kavramı ve Felsefesi

Author(s): Ali SEVDİ / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 1/2021

The purpose of this article is to examine the concept of ummu'l-bâb and its philosophy in Arabic grammar. The study consists of titles such as conceptual framework, ummu'l-bâb in Arabic grammar and its philosophy, words considered ummu’l-bâb and their properties. Although the concept of Ummu'l-bâb is one of the noteworthy concepts in Arabic grammar, it is a concept that has not been studied much, it is a concept that is mostly used in classical works. This concept refers to the words that meet at a common denominator with their peers under the same roof and mold at some basic points and differ from them with some specific features. Especially, the main characteristics of them are that they are widely used in Arabic and that their usage areas are wider and more inclusive than similar ones. Have some features that are not found in words similar to them, and that they have the most important element and central position in their own mold constitute the logic of their being called ummu'l-bâb.

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Tasavvuf ve Hanbelî Gelenek: Kādî Ebū Yaʿlâ el-Ferrâ’nın Tasavvufa Yaklaşımı Bağlamında Bir Değerlendirme

Author(s): Hacı Bayram Başer / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 1/2021

Understanding the developments in the early period when Ṣūfism became widespread in the Islamic society, both necessitates studies on other disciplines from Ṣūfism, and requires the consideration of Ṣūfism from the perspective of other religious sciences. In this regard, one of the important names is the famous Ḥanbalī scholar Abū Yaʿlā al-Farrā (d. 458/1066). Abū Yaʿlā al-Farrā who was interested in ḥadīth, Islamic law (fiqh) and tafsīr as well as Ṣūfism and theological issues, has an important place especially with his works in the Ḥanbalī tradition. Abū Yaʿlā, who grew up in a period when the Sunnī theology schools were formed, spread and exercised its influence, he maintained the Ḥanbalī viewpoint and criticized both some schools of kalām and the Ṣūfis by using the kalām method. Therefore, analyzing his views is important for understanding the formative conditions of the first period of religious science tradition, as well as giving clues about the relationship between Ṣūfism and Ḥanbalī tradition. In this article, his views of zuhd (renunciation), tawakkul (trusting in God) and Ṣūfism in general is examined in the context of his works Kitāb al-Muʿtamad fī uṣūl al-dīn and Kitāb al-tawakkul, and his importance in understanding the relationship between Ṣūfism and Ḥanbalī tradition is emphasized.

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İlahiyat Eğitimi Dindarlığı Etkiliyor mu? İlahiyat Fakültesi Öğrencilerinin Deneyimleri Çerçevesinde Fenomenolojik Bir Araştırma

Author(s): Mustafa Fatih AY / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 1/2021

The main purpose of the article is to examine the experiences of students regarding the effect of theological education on their religiosity. The working group consisting of students continuing their education at Akdeniz University Theology Faculty was determined by using criterion sampling. The first criterion was determined as having studied the "Religious Education" course. The second criterion is that the participants were selected from the 3rd and 4th grade students, based on the assumption that they should have studied enough to enable them to make an assessment about theology education. The total number of participants is 54, including 32 girls and 22 boys. The obtained data were analyzed with the descriptive analysis technique. As a result of the analysis of the data, the experiences of the participants regarding the effect of the theology education they studied on their religiosity were collected under three themes. These; those who think that theological education positively affects their religiosity, those who think that theological education negatively affects their religiosity, and those who think that theological education has no purpose related to religiosity.

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İbnü’l-Arabî’nin İlimleri Sınıflandırması ve Fârâbî ile Bir Karşılaştırma

Author(s): Abdullah Kartal / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 1/2021

The notion of classifying sciences has a quite along past in the history of philosophy. The aim of this study is to set forth and analize Ibn al-ʿArabī’s (d. 638/1240) classification of sciences at first, and then to make a comparison with al-Fārābī’s (d. 339/950) classification. Making such a comparison between Ibn al-ʿArabī, who is a unique representative of Islamic mystical thought, and al-Fārābī, who is a mighty representative of peripatetic Islamic philosophy, will conribute to seeing the epistemological views of sufism and classical Islamic philosophy together. In the study, a descreptive and analytical method has been preferred and it has been reached to some important results by comparing the opinions of Ibn al-ʿArabī and al-Fārābī. In this context, it could be said that while Ibn al-ʿArabī constructs his classification according to the means of obtaining knowledge, al-Fārābī arranges his classification according to the knowledge itself. It is seen that al-Fārābī’s classification includes in details the first two groups, to wit, as Ibn al-ʿArabī calls, the rational sciences and the situational sciences, and excludes the mysterious sciences. On the other hand, Ibn al-ʿArabī makes room as well as for reason besides heart in his epistemology, both by mentioning the rational sciences and asserting that some of the intuitive sciences are in a rational characteristic.

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Revizyonist Tarihçi Patricia Crone’un Mevâlî Anlayışı

Author(s): Öznur Özdemir,Saim Yılmaz / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 1/2021

Regarded as a revisionist historian in the West, Patricia Crone (1945-2015), who wrote many books and articles on various subjects of early Islamic history, was a prolific researcher. The place and role of mawālī, in the Umayyad and Abbāsid society, has been one of the special topics she has been interested in since the very beginning of her academic life. Her works with a revisionist perspective have been faced many criticisms by colleagues, especially the western ones, because of her biased view of the sources written by Muslim authors, her methodology, and her results. However, it is obvious that Crone’s studies on mawālī have positively or negatively affected the Eastern and Western academics in Islamic studies. This article’s main purpose is to reveal Crone’s views on mawālī in Islamic society and draw an outline without comment as much as possible. The paper consists of three parts. In the first part, Crone’s revisionist perspective and her works on mawālī have been explained. In the second part, her distinctive views on the mawālī and its origin have been discussed. Finally, in the third part, her findings of the position of mawālī in social, political, military, and economic life during the Rāshidun Caliphs (11-41 / 632-661), the Umayyads (41-132 / 661-750), and the Abbāsids (132-656 / 750-1258) have been introduced. This study, which tackles Crone’s views on mawālī, aims to encourage the further studies on this subject.

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Azerbaycan Dağ Yahudilerinin Eğitim-Öğretim Faaliyetlerinin Tarihi ve Günümüzdeki Eğitim Kurumları

Author(s): Cabir Osmanli / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 1/2021

In this article are mentioned the educational history, institutions and activities of the Mountain Jews living in Azerbaijan in private religious schools and state schools in the period after the independence of the Tsarist Russia, the Soviet Union and Azerbaijan. In addition mentioned, the Religious Education Centers (Yeshivas) whic established by the Mountain Jews by their communities in the 19th century Tsarist Russia and the secular schools of the state. In the religious schools called Talmudhuna and Nobuhunde, mostly male students were educated by rabbi, reznik (Shohet-Butcher) and religious teachers (Melamed). With the opening of modern style schools, Mountain Jewish children in many regions of Tsarist Russia started to enroll in these schools. While mostly male students were enrolled in these schools, girls received religious and traditional education in their families. During the Soviet Union, Religious Education Centers were completely closed, only public schools continued education. Enrollment and attendance at schools has been made compulsory. Mountain Jewish children continued their education in public schools like the children of other nations. After Azerbaijan gained its independence, Mountain Jews continued to receive education in public schools and gained the right to open their own religious education institutions. In this new period, Mountain Jews expanded their opportunities by opening new educational institutions, especially in Baku and Quba cities, with the support of the Azerbaijan State and the help of their coreligionists in other countries. Mountain Jewish children in these cities receive education in both public and private religious schools.

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Tabakât ve Ricâl Kitaplarında Zındıklık ve Zındık Olduğu Söylenen Hadis Râvîleri

Author(s): Murat ÖKTEM / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 1/2021

In the history of Islam after the martyrdom of Hz. Uthman, serious problems emerged among the Muslims, and two great wars took place between the Companions. While these events are called strife, this time is called the time of strife. The enemies of Islam who wanted to take advantage of this confused situation of the Islamic ummah, they engaged in various activities that they thought could harm Muslims in order to grow the seeds of strife among Muslims more. Zindīḳs are the leading enemies of Islam. It was necessary for Muslims to recognize the zindīḳs, who were said to have made thousands of narrations on almost every subject. Therefore, Islamic scholars wrote many works about them. In fact the authors of tabaḳāt and ridjāl many of whom were hadith scholars, also mentioned zindīḳs in their works, such that these works were extremely useful in terms of knowing zindīḳs. In this article it was determined for whom the term zindīḳ was used in the works of tabaḳāt and ridjāl and also the situation of hadith transmitters who lived in the first three centuries of the hijri who are alleged to be zindīḳ are discussed.

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İslâm Hukukunda Bir Tasarrufta Birden Çok Vekil Tayini ve Sonuçları

Author(s): Mustafa KİSBET / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 1/2021

According to Islamic Law, it is possible to authorize more than one attorney for a job to perform a task. However, there are various situations and opinions about acts of attorneys independent of each other. When those attorneys are appointed with separate contracts, they can act separately to perform the task of the power of attorney subject. Attorneys assigned under the same contract must act together as a rule. The client can grant the attorneys permission to act independently. According to the Ḥanafīs, attorneys can act separately in situations where both attorneys’ views are not needed. Views of both attorneys are needed in cases such as divorce without in exchange for payment, contract of mandate, delivery of a grant of which itself and grantee is specific, usurped goods, return of the sold goods in void contracts and payments of client’s debts. Joint-performance of such incidents is necessary in order not to effect the result or to secure the client. Regarding attorneydom, it is performed by one attorney to avoid confusion on trial even if it is one of the situations in which views of all attorneys are required. General principles related to the subject are stated as per above in Islamic Law sources. Yet, all possibilities about separate or joint performance of power of attorneys appointed together in the same contract are not mentioned. In this article, views of Islamic schools of law will be presented on appointment of more than one attorney for a disposition and related principles within the Islamic Law are tried to be determined.

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Galen’in Element Teorisi ve Acı Argümanı Bağlamında Antik Atomcu Teoriye Getirdiği Eleştiriler

Author(s): Tugay Taşçı / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 1/2021

This article is an attempt to present the critics that Galen made against ancient atomist theory based largely on his theory of elements. For Galen, the problem of irreducible complexity in nature can’t be explained by the atomist theory, especially when the issue is concerned with a metaphysical discussion in the context of philosophy of nature. Yet for him the subject of change in nature was not explicitly formulated by proponents of atomism. For this being the case, by criticizing atomism, Galen tries to formulate a syncretic theory which is mostly an amalgamation of Aristotle and Hippocrates’ views. His theory is a frame in which l ike-elements affect the likes through a presupposed ‘leap’ between them that is largely related to krasis; which eventually makes the change, bodily sensibility and lastly the pain possible. Therefore, it is imperative that one embraces a transient theory like that of the combination of Aristotle-Hippocrates’s, instead of a closed-theory such as atomism. Taken into consideration from the point of philosophy of nature, Galen would come to the terms with a teleological causality instead of mechanical one. All combined, Galen’s mentioned understandings has led him to bring serious criticism against the atomist theory which can be seen as the extension of his medical-philosophy project.

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Din Kültürü ve Ahlak Bilgisi Öğretmenlerine Göre Salgın Döneminde Uzaktan Eğitim

Author(s): Ahmet Çakmak,Yakup UZUNPOLAT / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 1/2021

Turkey and many countries, the school has closed, or partially or completely due to covid 19 pandemic. Schools remained closed until a certain time in Turkey. Afterwards, its opening has been postponed until certain dates. In the second half of 2019-2020 and in the first and second half of 2020-2021, students were mostly deprived of face-to-face education. This study, which aims to describe the problems experienced by RE teachers in the learning-teaching process during the epidemic period, was designed according to a case study, one of the qualitative research methods. The study group consists of 8 RE teachers, four of them male and four female. The data collection tool is a semistructured interview form. The data were subjected to content analysis, and NVIVO 12 program was used. RE teachers experienced problems regarding technique, absenteeism, pre-lesson preparation, learning environment, teaching methods, motivation, communication, time and measurement evaluation. Although these negative situations have occurred, it can be said that teachers are willing to use the gains in distance education with normalization and aim to take learning out of the classroom in this way. It can be suggested to researchers to study the concepts of classroom privacy and digital world ethics within the framework of education. Improving the technology use competencies of RE teachers can also be suggested to the relevant institutions.

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Tazminat Hukuku Çerçevesinde Tesebbüben Sorumlulukta İlliyet Bağının Kesilmesi: Kuyu Örneği

Author(s): Feyzullah KAĞIT / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 1/2021

Murders that resulted in death were subjected to various divisions such as killing by intent, mistake or indirect. Various forms and different provisions of each of these murders were found in itself. Indirect killing was deemed lighter than the others, and accordingly, the penalty was appreciated less, and it was even stated that the criminal responsibility fell completely, depending on the place. Because, while there is direct saving in other killing types, indirect killing has an indirect effect on the result. In this article, we will examine to a death incident that occurred indirectly within the framework of the compensation law according to Hanafi Sect. For example, this study, in which we will deal with the issue of who should be blamed for this death in the event that a person who falls into a well dug in the road dies in that well for different reasons after a while, will also give general idea about the perspectives and methods of imams in murders that occurred indirectly. The different ideas and justifications of Imam Abu Hanifa (v. 150/767), Imam Abu Yusuf (v. 182/798) and Imam Muhammad (v. 189/805) on this issue are discussed together with the reports and evaluations of the later Hanafi jurists.

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II. Uluslararası Geçmişten Günümüze Tekirdağ’da Dinî ve Kültürel Hayat Sempozyumu

Author(s): Yusuf Buhan / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 1/2021

Sempozyum, Tekirdağ’ın dini ve kültürel mirasını tanıtmak ve incelemek amacıyla Tekirdağ Namık Kemal Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi tarafından TBMM başkanı Sayın Prof. Dr. Mustafa Şentop’un teşrifleriyle düzenlenmiştir. İlki 5-7 Nisan 2019 tarihleri arasında fiziki ortamda gerçekleştirilen sempozyum, Kovid-19 salgını nedeniyle çevrimiçi olarak 19-20 Haziran 2021 tarihleri arasında icra edilmiştir. Sempozyum, açılış konuşmaları, dokuz ayrı oturum ve kapanış konuşmasıyla tamamlanmıştır. Bu yazıda iki gün boyunca devam eden oturumlar hakkında bilgi ve değerlendirmelerde bulunulmuştur.

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